AsSIGNMENT

l h a is an os and wha att tu didkerau

acHcure of os 2

4h epartal sum Cos) aytem soteuara

hat Managu Comuttr harcduwata an
Sotwar rturounceu and provide ommon
SAtviCHort Competer prtoartame.
ony 1t a t a an inter madiute betwun a uer

o acompucterc and th Comuter harclubTR

bx) An 0 s a ayur o 0ttaruon a bare
0
hardware machinu that patfortrus dbaic
erunco )RAOLNA Managemant
Reiunee ohare
fn-0s is .Pr9Ttam on tem Sotuwar
hat uonages tho Couter hardware
ARCHITECTURE OF O-
()Mehoe -reeckuer rior os

1 ie oldew oaxchitechut ue do
as Monolttkic
os 11 s (busiderad
ay optng an becauge of de Hack
prtaferd
Ketnels a r t not
Code has to be rtetoritan efor all neu

that -e O is to
archedecduceat
hardware
f:eh mohslutic kurn
be porle
19 not porttabu
 Un
usCR
Pcans

Kertn
A Meol
Kertnel

tetviet Pitodutts UAiuA

(diyMonlihe hruehittclure)
Architectung on, oS
i) La
luened o toka
jkra indkoduced th
is Modularuig
i e CpPetoach
Th Man bandt
hat tach
Tht Lagercs are sleçked such
dunctio
lotwer
s Snvic nd
Lags +Re benctit omodular
hi
achaved with
pr6rtamming tanbe

Ortchrtecurt

pnalo

/0 MaNagOMAnt
(chcole
DeviC duverfon openatort
Managmer
Memat main/ sec endaty)
PrOcaes locakon + Malliptsaromnin
artw ane
CAi- Lojened Anchitechere
(i) Vitua Mackin ehiteckuru Aon o
dise fe 4ss kndtn as eurprice ancilecdue
Virtlual mackinn Ds dort JBMtens isa
hL exawple Vitfual Machina, tohUpt, bocau
dhis a2a
18M pioeutdh wortk tn
This s bult bn RL
vidual lortage (onupt4
Os idto multtpla vidua
cubivide & Angk
Campurlen aah wi ik tun prtoceor
Sytam
and oket I/odevias
SHortage, tape storas
tual
tem to all
Compuliy
Manas 0 a
rwounca-
CRU, L/o.daviu
o4 t prtociss tamuttm .
Q avilabu to ManyuuR 0-t a

Vittual Machins
tatdwa
iVilual Machi Atekitecho)
(iy MiutoKtne 4tcktrekure amouut of
Kertnel the near medium
is
Micto echanicm
that Con proviole i
201twartu
n a t o mplmenk on Os
Prtotas

u Srde
Moet PrOCRMAA

MAC Cuppor

Mode Pt lon fuva o t Mamoy1r

aTewaR
Mlhaf h Booleg
load ds
uteddo
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prtogtani
ano Masn onu
Memon Daola Bud bAcau.
as pRtMannt fotae
in aiok dieh ,CPo tetad
oscoart aCce
pro s
'mamot-to 4nfotm tak.
Cuith main mut be
has to. be uw
hy prtonam hat lo MaiMeMOY o 1
Atom diek
Swapa in axecuked and
+ke cyam ptoatan to set

Himatn in Memoty + he y4im executto

3.Hlhat k R ttolL of Bolscap loadan

gmall ptoram which
Bootvrap loadix i a

immediskly atr a micts-

Can be acdivaleo
, in otdest to
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2xecut anothr pMortam t a
foa an
wall otine Mannar
loadon is han Coceindo 1
booteap
conroilern and wd by Mahy einbea
i
micmoco
AtmLoaR to -ha doMe.
eyieuso uploo anaw

Og

Cing usert Os also Rnotn as a y

tas king o and i pecjaly deizn forn
homu Comutes
M n wrt Can actus the Computart
o a paulicularn m
sfnge u % allows pertmiston to
e P2tsonal Camputzr at a ttm
acCe

by a nle utr
5. Deint PoST
lhen tht poCweN to a cOrmpurten istune d on

uualy a eel
i 19 prto ttamRo tun
in Kept in Com pukn'e tLao only
MemortRAM) a t 2namines Re ctem
hartouatL Ho mah sure Any-hiug
uncttewng prtopany The te calle PosT
SlH tet) HRaf checks the CPUu,
CPotort on
MMof Qnd
MLmorty
bac 1/6 devicas fort tto
otes he tusult in pecial memoy locarton
Ond
vieo and Sudem VIRw
6 ha e usut
vrt vie T 0s is. an rtadocthide
l a r l twhich mu be pertdonmed a
preinpnt
P rint a virtual machin to ww ak.
maku it LaHe eto Luer prtovídas d
Satvics Kt exe Culton pMoaran accad, a
1/o deviCAs CLthttolLed aCcA to iL,ANMOr
defechon t
Sdun viu) ! t h 09 is a ptortam hat
funchons m e sani wa as otur proytans
i e intucios has an erecutad
by h PtOcLARON. OS a CAs as potam to
Pataor hardwar uPgrad, ne sertvicas
xs R 1gsus rtas0 ur ces, Cetals dha
st and, hartdwat cparalious
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uert ptogtat and
o 1Ar execukbn b
tnput /ufpuf opetafions
, a juncHBon wiHh a
14 aoknow
indancjack, 1 hizunbwd
epecidted titamming
to
languagel,an be uieinaprtogtam
mag ttmas
palhcilat tark
perfotm a
6ui4h ditar data values
OS-
S Peurtto peu nLtwock
Pan Ho p qeoonk Os a l s usLto

tsOUNCA and les otatas on thair

ha rLADULUL
to accew had
Compuuter and
ound on 6hur Compiters
tirtwayer e
ot a
cevttalizto
co not have a senert
Mdeng dektep
Managemeut sounee. AU '

osx,Lnux aund lindpor

such au Macintovh
s
Can iun cHton au peer to peen neuotk

9 Fvolulion ct Opetoing yske

pxalingsyens hav prtogtese rom
to tooday's
oto Onoxpani ve sydent
inctatd
techrolegy7 whith kas extonaulially
aB Compatati aly moo t
CoMpu prt
Ce
L o can be clastha in 4 anaraionk.
 i t t Qnertaffon
e tial Peoc.esi ha evolutton o begon
toth Ri Makks R aed o1
deve lepmet ot alecrtonic tompudeng Sysims
as aarnaBivas to Machanical Compuulor.
Th no O in a genaraliens Computn
Sundem is n inAtuctions h a M be
tattid ut immediadal Th toress te
rtutanted an, iukert me diatt Ntor occus.
Second enurtat ton
Balch Sylemh bakch systam matked th
Setono genRrtation in he eyoluwion OS
4 allotas a job ot k to b dwe tn a u r
and hen ompted t2qwentiallThe Lompuin

SyAem ce not hayL an 0s alhough vartious

untHohs
Os arte aya Lebe
Mvs D IBM

Mulittoartommd Batchal eam T

voldion 6S dbartke Re3rd mtakon
to1 mullioitammbalde yskens
1 deigna o atye numtoue uws efmafaneut
hlindoeos anol 1o .

Fouttk Genertaloni
TRL erta nelwocked Comung ha bejun and
trs axe tamrtotad ya Grtaplica uunuderoReR
Tin haring Os nMacitoeh 0s
0 DOS ano lOS
DOsDiAtihalad'apertaltag sfam
4 e a ysrlem tofHwartt Overt a Collec?
sd indapaded Sowarte nfwortK
Communcaltug. ud phystealy apanate
Compulalional noaes
tokich 3avid
artt by
Thy hanele jobs
utiple CPU
Tach maividual nodet' hole
pecidje
o-ttuartA subshl s he ztabal adgate

Nos-Nduoek eparaBtng Syam

ds ha manages
NAtwontk o ie a -typ
Computar nttwork r s o u n c such
as

data , appücalten and NCD tecurerty

Th MDe Common NO arte Micto0t
lindsto S anVAt, untx , Linux, Mat 0S

11. EXplain Mmorthhiartanchy ofa Compt.

nCompwtst 9tiam detnMemot
Hiaranchy is an enhancomeat to OrtgakKe
thmumorty uch hat CAN mnemize
sR aCCLM Lme. T twas developed baed s
O pttogttom bahavtur Knrun as localby

ThMmotyhertarhyDeun te divided
ino Mn ypu
 byal-0
gisted

athe Mem Level:

(sRAME)
Maun MLMo
eval
DRAM)
OpHical bisk tuyel- 3

Magnudic Hape Level- 4

Memo Aieranthy duign)

a rtnal Mèmoty drt 9ecendan memoty
0,
Conprercin Ditk,cptical dik ,Magnkic tae
1ndennal mamory ort Preimary munoru
conpreictn main Memot CachL MeMoty
PU ifers

1 PCB
Proces Control block
Peinrert
PrtoCen Numbee

Ptogtan Counke

Regickes
Mamotnim
 Pointen 1 i ack poldet cohich if tapin
prtoceu ic cotchad atnom
to be saved when
potilion ptrey
A a t to awoHhn te tetain -1R
PrtoCA fat Cfones he fade ptot L8
id.
toce numbet Prtoce auishao) twh uniqu
Contasns addtan o aext inghtuc,
trtogta Cu nBeu
CPU t t lerd -
MAR MDR, Gtnueal purtpor
,

Regfee- rtu ters

Memort umit tontaint n-otmaken abou
mmOTt ManagLmeut
ict l e s opene Horn a proca.
18 PCL Ptoces Lide cyclk
infemupt
(ne Running Tenena
Rend
/ Cchale/uf
dicpalch
(tplulit (empletion
doltrwtg vfela
ah
pto Ce may be im enk h
a)w priocAs i b g Ctai
art iug executed
RunniitucHon
attn ptocLBA Walting don some eVan
Ho oCturt
d)Readly>prtoce was Hng to be auigned
opitoceAon
)Terminated Ri prtocer has intohe
Rxecntion