EXPERIMENT NO: 01

Introduction to MATLAB and its basic commands

:MATLAB
This is a very important tool used for making long complicated calculations
and plotting graphs of different functions depending upon our requirement.
Using MATLAB an m-file is created in which the basic operations are
performed which leads to simple short and simple computations of some
.very complicated problems in no or very short time
:Some very important functions performed by MATLAB are given as follows
 Matrix computations
 Vector Analysis
 Differential Equations computations
 Integration is possible
 Computer language programming
 Simulation
 Graph Plotation
 2-D & 3-D Plotting
:Benefits
:Some Benefits of MATLAB are given as follows

 Simple to use
 Fast computations are possible
 Wide working range
 Solution of matrix of any order
 Desired operations are performed in matrices
 Different Programming languages can be used
 Simulation is possible

:Basic Commands
:Addition
A+B
:Subtraction
A-B
:Multiplication
A*B
:Division
A/B
:Power
A^B
:Power Of each Element individually
A.^B
:Range Specification
A:B
:Square-Root
A=sqrt(B)
Where A & B are any arbitrary integers

:Basic Matrix Operations

.This is a demonstration of some aspects of the MATLAB language
:Creating a Vector
.Lets create a simple vector with 9 elements called a
a = [1 2 3 4 6 4 3 4 5]
=a
5 4 3 4 6 4 3 2 1
Now let's add 2 to each element of our vector, a, and store the result in
a new
.vector
Notice how MATLAB requires no special handling of vector or matrix
.math
:Adding an element to a Vector
b=a+2
=b
765686543
:Plots and Graphs
 Creating graphs in
MATLAB
i
s

a
s

e
a
.y as one command s
et's plot the result of our L
ector addition with grid v
.ines l
lot (b) P
rid on g
ATLAB can make other M
raph types as well, with axis g
.labels
bar(b)
xlabel('Sample #')
ylabel('Pounds')
MATLAB can use symbols in
plots as well. Here is an
example using stars to mark the
points. MATLAB offers a
variety of other symbols and
.line types

plot(b,'*')
axis([0 10 0 10])
One area in which MATLAB
.excels is matrix computation
:Creating a matrix
Creating a matrix is as easy as making a vector, using semicolons (;) to
separate
.the rows of a matrix
A = [1 2 0; 2 5 -1; 4 10 -1]
=A
0 2 1
1- 5 2
1- 10 4
:Adding a new Row
B(4,:)=[7 8 9]
=ans
0 2 1
1- 5 2
1- 10 4
9 8 7
:Adding a new Column
C(:,4)=[7 8 9]
=ans
7 0 2 1
8 1- 5 2
9 1- 10 4
:Transpose
.We can easily find the transpose of the matrix A
'B = A
=B
4 2 1
10 5 2
1- 1- 0
:Matrix Multiplication
.Now let's multiply these two matrices together
Note again that MATLAB doesn't require you to deal with matrices as a
collection of numbers. MATLAB knows when you are dealing with
matrices
.and adjusts your calculations accordingly
C=A*B
=C
24 12 5
59 30 12
117 59 24
:Matrix Multiplication by corresponding elements
Instead of doing a matrix multiply, we can multiply the corresponding
elements
.of two matrices or vectors using the’.* ‘ operator
C = A .* B
=C
0 4 1
10- 25 4
1 10- 0
:Inverse
... Let's find the inverse of a matrix
X = inv(A)
=X
2- 2 5
1 1 - 2-
1 2- 0
and then illustrate the fact that a matrix times its inverse is the ...
identity
.matrix
I = inv(A) * A
=I
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
MATLAB has functions for nearly every type of common matrix
.calculation
:Eigen Values
... There are functions to obtain eigenvalues
eig(A)
= ans
3.7321
0.2679
1.0000
:Singular Value Decomposition
The singular value decomposition
svd(A)
= ans
12.3171
0.5149
0.1577
:Polynomial coefficients
The "poly" function generates a vector containing the coefficients of
the
.characteristic polynomial
The characteristic polynomial of a matrix A is
p = round(poly(A))
=p
1- 5 5- 1
.We can easily find the roots of a polynomial using the roots function
.These are actually the eigenvalues of the original matrix
roots(p)
= ans
3.7321
1.0000
0.2679
.MATLAB has many applications beyond just matrix computation
:Vector Convolution
... To convolve two vectors
q = conv(p,p)
=q
1 10- 35 52- 35 10- 1
.Or convolve again and plot the result ...
r = conv(p,q)
;plot(r)
=r
1- 15 90- 278 480- 480 278- 90 15- 1

Matri
x
Manip
ulatio
:n
We
.start by creating a magic square and assigning it to the variable A
A = magic(3)
=A
6 1 8
7 5 3
2 9 4

Eng / Abdulsalam alhaboob