POINTERS TO REVIEW

IN

P.E 3

LESSON 1: BRIEF HISTORY & NATURE OF DANCE

 BENEFITS OF DANCE
 ELEMENTS OF DANCE

-What is dance?

Dance mainly for four

Reasons:
a. to please gods;
b. to please others
c. to please themselves or self expression
d. to build community within ethnic

group or social interaction

(Myers,2005)

-PREHISTORIC PAST

• Dance has been a major form of RELIGIOUS RITUAL and SOCIAL EXPRESSION

• Used as a way of REINFORCING TRIBAL UNITY and STRENGTH

• FIRST USED GESTURE COMMUNICATE

-PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA

• REAL KNOWLEDGE of dance came about.

• Dance became FULL BLOWN and was RICHLY RECORDED in ANCIENT EGYPT.

• Reflected in WALL PAINTINGS, RELIEFS, and LITERARY RECORD IN HIEROGLYPHS

• Most of the dances was form as a medium of RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION

-ANCIENT GREEKS

• DANCING was taught as an MILITARY EDUCATION

• Also a form of ENTERTAINMENT and DISPLAY

• GREEK PHILOSOPHERS such as PLATO, ARISTOTLE AND SOCRATES supported this art as an
integration of the body and soul.Plato highlighted two kinds of dance:
noble(fine and honorable), ignoble (imitating what is mean or ugly)

1
-ANCIENT ROME

• LESS IMPORTANCE in dancing

• STOPPED VALUING such qualities of art

• Dance became BRUTAL and SENSATIONALIZED as their entertainers was SLAVES and CAPTIVES

• Dance became integral part of corruption

• Resulting in their condemnation by the early Christians

-CATHOLIC CHURCH

• There is a TRANSFORMATION in the HISTORY OF DANCE

• THEATRICAL ENTERTAINMENT was PROHIBITED;

• But dance STILL EXIST in the RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES

• Dance became part of WORSHIP and CHURCH SERVICES

-DARK AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES

• Marked the beginning of SOCIAL DANCING

• Peasant performed ROUND DANCE AND COUPLE DANCE

• Peasant dance on GRASS; nobleman dance in smooth floor or wood or polished marble called
“BALLROOM”

-EARLY REINASSANCE

• Dance wholly accepted in the court.

-15th & 16th Centuries

• Rise of BALLET in ITALY and FRANCE

• Dance forms have been WIDELY RECOGNIZED WORLDWIDE.

(Kraus and Gaufman, 1981)

-ELEMENTS OF DANCE

2
-BODY

 Symmetrical – Balanced Shape

 Asymmetrical – Unbalanced Shape

-ENERGY

 Sustained
 Percussive
 Vibratory
 Swinging
 Suspended
 Collapsing

-SPACE

 PATHWAY
 SIZE
 FOCUS
 DIRECTION
 SMALL
 BIG
 LOW
 MEDIUM
 HIGH

-TIME

 RHYTHMIC PATTERN
 DURATION
 BEAT
 SPEED
 TIMING RELATIONSHIP
 ACCENT
 TEMPO

-BENEFITS OF DANCE

 PHYSICAL
 MENTAL/EMOTIONAL
 SOCIAL
 CULTURAL

-PHYSICAL

 Develops cardiovascular and muscular endurance

 Improves coordination, balance, flexibility, and body composition
 Lowers risk of cardiovascular diseases

3
  Lowers body mass index
 Improves lipid metabolism
 Helps improve and maintain bone density, thus helps prevent osteoporosis

- MENTAL/EMOTIONAL

 Helps keep the brain sharp

 Decreases incidence of dementia and Alzheimer’s diseases
 Decreases Depressive Symptoms
 Increase self-esteem
 Aids in releasing emotional
 and physical tension

-SOCIAL

 Gives sense of togetherness within the group.

 Encourages positive social interaction and interpersonal relationship in a group
 Contributes to the individual’s potential for self-actualization in society

-CULTURAL

 PROMOTES CULTURAL VALUES

-LESSON 2: FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS OF ARMS AND FEET

First Position Second Position

Third Position Fourth Position

Fifth Position

4
 First Position Second Position

Third Position Fourth Position

Fifth Position

-LESSON 3: PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE/CARINOSA

FOLK DANCES- are traditional dances found in a certain country.
• NATIONAL DANCES- are also traditional folk dances but have a national
scope. They are popular and widely danced throughout a given country,
often with a number of regional variations.
• examples are Cariñosa, Kuratsa and Pandango
• ETHNIC DANCES/ ETHNOLOGICAL DANCES- are Performed in primitive
tribes and have a retained Their close kinship with religious ritual and
community custom. These dances may” require a certain level of special
performing skills” (Kraus, 1962) that are symbolic in meaning.
• ETHNIC PERFORMED iin THREE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
• a. Ritual
• examples are Dugso(bukidnon) and Pagdidiwata
• . (Palawan)
• b. Life- Cycle.

5
 • Examples are Binasuan(Pangasinan) and
• . Daling-daling(Sulu)
• . C. Occupational
• example are Mag-Asik(Cotabato) and Mananagat( Cebu)

- SO WHAT IS FOLK DANCE?

 The oldest form of dance and the earliest form of communication

 The traditional dance of a given country which evolved naturally and
spontaneously with everyday activities
- CLASSIFICATION OF FOLKDANCES IN PHILIPPINES

 Occupational Dance - depicting action of certain occupation , industry , or

human labor.
 Mananagat - (Cebuano for “fisherman”) depicts fishermen at sea. Dancers
in long-line formations mimic women scooping water from the banca
(canoe) with bamboo shells and men wielding wooden paddles.
 Religious/ Ceremonial Dance- performed in connection with religious vows
and ceremonies.
 Subli- is considered a favorite of the people of the barrios of manicipality
of Baun, Batangas
 A ceremonial worship dance Performed in homage to the Holy Cross
referred to in the vernacular as Mahal na Poong Sta. Cruz
 COMIC DANCE
 *depicting funny movements for entertainment
 Kinoton-is a comic dance from ilocos Sur, it depicts the movement of a
person bitten by ants.
 GAME DANCE
 *with play elements
 Kadang-kadang-Is a Filipino traditional game Played Outdoor or in the
playground.
 WEDDING DANCE - Performed during wedding feast.
 *Pantomina-was originally wedding dance in the town of Bicol’s and
Sorsogon Sub regions. This dance is Traditionalmy performed during
wedding festivities by the couple and their visitors.This dance is still
popular in Bicol region up to this time.
 COURTSHIP DANCE - Depicting love making.

6
 *Kuratsa- Commonly performed in Festival in Bohol and other Visayan
towns, portrays a young playful couple attempt to get attention to each
other.It’s performed in moderate watlz style.
 FESTIVAL DANCE - * Suitable for special occasion or any social gatherings
 Panagbenga Festival (Flower Festival)
- A cultural festivals in celebration of flowers in bloom are held evry
FEBRUARY in Baguio City.
- Panagbenga is a Kankanaey term which means ‘ Season of Blooming’.
- Is widely known for its elaborate flower parades competing against each
other.
 WAR DANCE - *showing imaginary combat or duel.
- The tourism department has called in cordilleras to tone down the presentation
of war dances to avoid imparting the wrong impression that some tribe still
practices tribal wars.
 MIMETIC OR DRAMA DANCES
- Dances that mimic animals, inanimate objects, or other people
- Example: ITIK-ITIK
 SOCIAL AMENITIES DANCES
- Dances that express social Grace’s, hospitality, and offerings of gifts to
friends
- Example: HABANERA BOTOLEÑA
 FRANCESCA REYES –AQUINO
- dances is considered as the Mother of Filipino Folk Dance for her research. In
1921, During the Manila Fiesta Carnival, Reyes – Aquino Who was the student
assistant in Physical Education
- Presented the 4 Dances- Cariñosa, Abaruray, salabat at areuana.
 CARINOSA
- The carinosa is a well-known folk dance. It was introduced to the Philippines
by the Spaniards in the 16th Century
- Its name means “loving one” or “affectionate one.”
 COSTUME/PROPS
FEMALE OUTFIT
- PATADYONG
- PANHUELO
- FAN
MALE OUTFIT
- BARONG TAGALOG OR KAMISA DE CHINO
- HANDKERCHIEF
 COUNTS AND TIME SIGNATURE
- ONE,TWO,THREE
- ¾ TIME SIGNATURE

7
 LESSON 4: MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY DANCE
 MODERN DANCE
- was developed in the early 1900’s the time when dancers came out against the
stiffness and restraints of classical ballet. It involves the use of many dance
steps that are unusual and often interpret a dancer’s emotions and mood.
- Created its own techniques
- Costumes
- Shoes
- Gave more attention to self-expression
- Individual creativity rather than technical expertise
 What is Contemporary?
- Contemporary Dance can be described as a mix between various style of
dance. It combines the technical elements of jazz and ballet with fluidity and
expression of modern dance.
- Concert Dance
- Can be danced to almost style of music and can be united with any other
dance forms to create new movement styles
- Sub-genres: conceptual dance, pedestrian contemporary
- Often focuses on breathing, alignment, raw emotion, opposing movement
 Contemporary Dance Defined…
- The name “Contemporary Dance” describes a range of techniques and styles
used in classes, workshops and dance choreography.
- It was developed in the 20th century as a recreation against the rigid
techniques of ballet.
- Pioneers such as Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham searched for ease of
movement using the body’s natural lines and energy, allowing a greater range
and fluidity of the movement that typical and traditional dance techniques.
- Contemporary dance is characterized by its versatility: it can be danced to
almost any style of music, or united with
 Isadora Duncan
- was the mother of Modern Dance
- she is the first European performance took place in London 16 March 1900.
 Merce Cunningham
- is the Father of Contemporary Dance
- American Modern Dancer and Choreographer who developed new forms of
abstract dance movement.
 Martha Graham
- was the mother of Contemporary Dance
- influential American dancer, teacher, and choreographer of modern
dance whose ballets and other works were intended to “reveal the inner man.”
- Over more than 50 years she created more than 180 works, from solos to large-
scale works, in most of which she herself danced.

8
 - She gave modern dance new depth as a vehicle for the intense and forceful
expression of primal emotions.
 ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE
- Theme- most basic elements of dance. It conveys the message of dance.
- Design- pattern of movements in time and space.
- Movement- bodily actions of the dancer that included his steps.
- Technique- the skill of movement executed by the dancer
- Music- the auditory background to which a dancer moves
- Costume and Body Paraphernalia- Properties worn by the dancer that help
reflect the message, customs and beliefs
 TYPES OF DANCES
 FOLK DANCE/ ETHNIC DANCE
- Social dances that portray the beliefs, interests, habits, customs, and practices
of the native
 BALLROOM DANCES
- Dances of public entertainment, usually performed in pairs in ballrooms,
nightclubs, auditoriums or in public places.
- Which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world, and
growing all the more popular in North America.
 THEATRICAL DANCES
- Performed for the entertainment of the audience in a theater.
 THE BIG NAMES IN PHILIPPINE DANCE
 ALICE REYES
- National Artist for Dance (2014)
- The name Alice Reyes has become a significant part of the Philippine dance
- As a dancer, choreographer, teacher and director, she has made a lasting
impact on the development and promotion of contemporary dance in the
Philippines.
- Her dance legacy is evident in the dance companies, teachers,
choreographers and the exciting Filipino modern dance repertoire of our
country today.
 LIZA TERESITA PACHECO MACUJA-ELIZALDA
- Founder of Ballet Manila
- Ballet Manila has reached its 20th years.
- In 198 she was recognized in Europe and become a Prima Ballerina of Kirov
Ballet, in Leningrad.
 Douglas Nierras
- In Jazz, he is the most prominent.
- He has more than two decades of involvement in dance through choreography,
pedagogy, and production.
- He is famous for his Metanoia, in which he collaborated with Ryan Cayabyab
to create – minute ballet set.

9
10