LESSON 1

NOUNS AND DEFINITE & INDEFINITE ARTICLES

Exercise I. Choose the correct article in each sentence (a, an, the).
1. Did you bring umbrella I bought the other day?
2. Are you looking for shampoo?
3. I checked mailbox again.
4. Can I have spoon please?
5. I was born into poor family.
6. She will come back in hour.
7. Have you been to Space Needle Tower in Seattle?
8. I would love to talk to one of managers.
9. What amazing view!
10. The helicopter landed on roof of a building.
11. My mother is doctor and my father is author.
12. Cindy recommended good dentist, but dentist is not in.
13. Mt. Hood is volcano in Oregon. It's very beautiful mountain.
14. Sam recommended book to Lisa. She didn't like book at all.
15. Do you have vacuum? I dropped piece of cake, and I need to clean it up.
16. Honey, where's vacuum? I can't find it. It was in closet, but now it's not there.
17. Do you have dictionary? I don't have one, and I need to look up word.
18. Do you have passport? You need passport to travel outside of country.
19. There's big bear in backyard. I think bear is looking for something to eat.
20. Do you have computer? I have laptop and iPad.

Exercise II. Write the plural form of the following nouns.

• notebook _________________ • umbrella _________________
• student _________________ • wife _________________
• school _________________ • an English person _________________
• university _________________ • bag _________________
• pencil _________________ • a new uniform _________________
• man _________________ • piece of cake _________________
• knife _________________ • month _________________
• child _________________ • a beautiful city _________________
• woman _________________ • family _________________
• mouse _________________ • boy _________________

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 LESSON 2
VERB TO BE

Exercise I. Choose the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are

1. It ______ cold today. 6. We ______ from Ukraine.

2. I ______ at home now. 7. That ______ right.
3. They ______ Korean. 8. I ______ OK, thanks.
4. There ______ a pen on the desk. 9. Clara and Steve ______ married.
5. My name ______ Nikita. 10. She ______ an English teacher.

Exercise II. Now, change the previous sentences into Negative and Interrogative forms.

1. (-) _______________________________. 6. (-) _______________________________.

(?) _______________________________? (?) _______________________________?
2. (-) _______________________________. 7. (-) _______________________________.
(?) _______________________________? (?) _______________________________?
3. (-) _______________________________. 8. (-) _______________________________.
(?) _______________________________? (?) _______________________________?
4. (-) _______________________________. 9. (-) ______________________________.
(?) _______________________________? (?) ______________________________?
5. (-) _______________________________. 10. (-) ______________________________.
(?) _______________________________? (?) ______________________________?

Exercise III. Order the following words to complete a sentence.

1. old. I twenty-five am years _______________________________________
2. Venezuela. are from We _______________________________________
3. name Anton student. and I'm is My a _______________________________________
4. my book. This is _______________________________________
5. today. nice a It's day _______________________________________
6. Paul. name Her is brother's _______________________________________

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 LESSON 3
THERE IS / THERE ARE

Exercise I. Complete the sentences using THERE IS or THERE ARE

1. ______ _____ some books on the shelf.

2. ______ _____ very little money left in the box
3. ______ _____ only one student in the lab now.
4. ______ _____ very few people at the conference.
5. ______ _____ no more milk in the lug.
6. ______ _____ no more cassettes in the box.
7. ______ _____ no time left.
8. ______ _____ several helicopters in the airfield.

Exercise II. Change the following statements into the negative form.

1. There’s a lot of fruit in the basket.

_______________________________________________
2. There are a lot of students absent.
_______________________________________________
3. There’s a telephone in the room.
_______________________________________________
4. There are a lot of people in the room.
______________________________________________
5. There are 30 days in February.
_______________________________________________
6. There’s some more money in my pocket.
_______________________________________________
7. There are several restaurants near my house.
_______________________________________________

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Exercise III. Change the following sentences into the interrogative form.
1. There’s a hotel near the Training Center. _____________________________________
2. There are some students absent today. _____________________________________
3. There’s a lot of free time in the mornings. _____________________________________
4. There’s some more coffee in the cup. _____________________________________
5. There are more than 10 students. _____________________________________
6. There are more women than men. _____________________________________
7. There is another chair in that room _____________________________________

Exercise IV. Complete the questions with “How many…?”, “How much…?”, “Is there…?” or
“Are there…?”
Ejemplo: (How many) dictionaries (are there)?

1. ____________ money ___________ in your pocket?

2. ____________ doors ___________ in your house?
3. ____________ milk ___________ in the refrigerator?
4.____________ video tapes ___________ in your bedroom?
5. ____________ work ___________ today?
6. ____________ pieces of cake ___________ on the table?
7. ____________ parking ___________ in your neighborhood?
8. ____________ bottles of water ___________?
9. ____________ water ___________ on the shelf?
10. ____________ children ___________ in the court?

Exercise V. Use LITTLE, FEW, A LOT in the blank spaces.

1. There are _______________ of trees in that park.

2. There are only a _______________ tickets available.
3. There are _______________ students absent from class today.
4. There's _______________ of sugar in my coffee. It's too sweet.
5. There are _______________ of errors in my bill.
6. There's iust a _______________ whisky left in the bottle.

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 LESSON 4
PREPOSITIONS FOR TIME AND PLACE

Exercise I. Complete the sentences with prepositions of time.

1. We have class ______ eleven o’clock.
2. We have class ______ nine ______ eleven.
3. Tom has class ______ the morning, and he works ______ the afternoon.
4. I study ______ the evening.
5. I sleep ______ night.
6. Mary was born ______ October.
7. Mary was born ______ 1967.
8. Mary was born ______ October 28.
9. Mary was born ______ October 28, 1967.
10. The bank isn’t open ______ Sundays.
11. The bank is open ______ 8:00 a.m. ______ 5:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday.
12. The bank closes ______ 5:00 p.m.
13. Her grandmother will arrive there _____ half-past seven in the morning.
14. Diamond was born _____ a Monday.
15. Ron was born _____ the twentieth century.
16. I am up at five o'clock _____ the morning.
17. _____ what year were you born?

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 IN
Use 'in' with spaces: ON
• in a room / in a building Use 'on' with surfaces:
• in a garden / in a park • on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor
• on the table
Use 'in' with bodies of water:
• in the water Use 'on' with small islands:
• in the sea • I stayed on Maui.
• in a river

Use 'in' with lines: Use 'on' with directions:

• in a row / in a line • on the left
• in a queue • on the right
AT • straight on
Use 'at' with places:
• at the bus-stop IMPORTANT NOTES
• at the door In / at / on the corner
• at the cinema We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner
• at the end of the street (or 'on the corner') of a street'
In / at / on the front
Use 'at' with places on a page: • We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
• at the top of the page • We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups
of people
• at the bottom of the page
• We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper
Use 'at' in groups of people:
• at the back of the class
• at the front of the class

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Exercise II. Complete the sentences with prepositions of place.

1. At eight o'clock in the morning, I am hard _____ work.

2. We always put tomatoes _____ the salad.
3. I put my big toe _____ the pool first.
4. My husband is _____ his way home now.
5. Do your parents live _____ Mexico?
6. Your sister is _____ the corner of Main St. and Fulton Ave .
7. I am _____ bed by eleven o'clock in the evening.
8. I swim _____ the school pool.
9. I like to swim _____ the beach, not just in the pool.
10. I live ______ Matamoros Ave.
11. She lives ______ 2015 Morelos St.
12. The keys are _____ the kitchen counter.
13. Do you like to shop _____ Lucky's Supermarket?
14. Do you live _____ Los Angeles?
15. We will meet our accountant ______ the National Bank.
16. Where’s my bag. Oh! I’ve seen it. It’s ______ the corner of that room.
17. We will stop _____ the mall on the way to my house.
18. I don't jump _____ the pool before testing the water temperature.
19. Will you drop me _____ my house on your way home?
20. Did you grow up _____ Mexico or California?

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 LESSON 5
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Exercise I. Complete the following sentences, using the Present Continuous tense of the
verb provided.

1. I __________________ to the news at the moment. (listen)

2. The students _______________ to the school now. (go)
3. Mr. Smith _______________ for the bus. (wait)
4. Our friends __________________ Disney World today. (visit)
5. The train _________________ at the station at this moment. (arrive)
6. You ___________________ the exercises well now. (do)
7. They ____________________ weekend in Miami. (spend)

Exercise II. Change into negative or interrogative.

1. The children are watching TV.

2. John's having breakfast now.

3. Bill's answering the phone.

4. I'm helping John with the work.

5. The girl's washing the dishes.

6. The cadet's sleeping in class.

7. It's raining very hard now.

8. The students are writing a composition.

9. You're doing the exercise correctly.

10. The dog's drinking milk.

11. John’s studying English now.

12. My sisters are discussing the issue now.

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Exercise III. Ask questions using question words like What, Where, Why, etc.

1. Mary's eating an apple now. _______________________________________?

2. John and his friends are watching TV. _______________________________________?
3. They're living in Bristol at present. _______________________________________?
4. I'm answering a letter. _______________________________________?
5. The students are reading a story. _______________________________________?
6. George is travelling by plane. _______________________________________?
7. He isn't working because it's Sunday. _______________________________________?
8. Billy's wearing the new sweater. _______________________________________?

Exercise IV. Answer the following questions.

1. Are you studying French now?

A: _________________________________________________________.
2. Are your parents working right now?
A: _________________________________________________________.
3. Is it raining now?
A: _________________________________________________________.
4. What’s your teacher doing right now?
A: _________________________________________________________.
5. How are you doing?
A: _________________________________________________________.
6. Are you listening to your teacher now?
A: _________________________________________________________.
7. Is your mom cooking now?
A: _________________________________________________________.
8. Are you travelling next week?
A: _________________________________________________________.

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 LESSON 6
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Exercise I. Use the present simple affirmative to complete the sentences.

1. I ______________ (go) shopping with my brother.

2. We sometimes ________________ (use) a dictionary in class.
3. My friends ___________________ (study) Italian at their school.
4. School ___________________ (finish) at three o´clock.
5. You _______________________ (live) near me.
6. He ____________________ (like) rap music.
7. She _____________________ (do) her homework before dinner.
8. We _____________________ (play) tennis in school on Wednesday afternoon.
9. I _____________________ (watch) TV in the evening.
10. My mother ___________________ (teach) art.

Exercise II. Write the sentences in Negative form.

1. I study French.___________________________________________________
2. School finishes at two o´clock. _____________________________________
3. You copy from other students. _____________________________________
4. We think English is easy. __________________________________________
5. My friends play volleyball. _________________________________________
6. I watch TV on Saturday morning. ___________________________________
7. She speaks Chinese. ______________________________________________
8. The dog likes cats. ________________________________________________
9. They listen to pop music. __________________________________________
10. I play with my hamster every day. __________________________________
11. I play with my hamsters every day. __________________________________
12. My dog’s food costs a lot. _________________________________________
13. Her dad’s car runs fast. ___________________________________________

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Exercise III. Write the sentences and finish the short answers.

1. live / at / you / Do / school / ?

________________________________________? No, ___________________________
2. in / students / Do / the canteen / ? / eat
________________________________________? Yes, ___________________________
3. to school / your brother / on Saturday / ? / Does / go
________________________________________? No, ____________________________
4. live / near / Do / your friends / you / ?
________________________________________? Yes, ____________________________
5. at / school/ finish / Does / three o´clock / ?
_________________________________________? No, ___________________________

Exercise III. Complete the sentences in Present Simple.

1. I ____________________ (not play) tennis after school.
2. You ____________________ (start) school at nine o´clock.
3. We _____________________ (have) lunch at school.
4. They _______________________ (watch) TV after dinner.
5. She ________________________ (not get up) at seven o´clock.
6. We _____________________ (go) to bed at nine o´clock.
7. What time ___________________________ I (get) up?
8. What ____________ she _________________ (do) after school?
9. He ______________________ (play) football.
10. Susan _______________________ (go) to the cinema.
11. My mother _______________________ (start) work at half past seven.
12. What __________________ they _________________ (do) in the evening?
13. How __________________ you ___________________ (spell) that in English?
14. Brian _____________________ (get) up at eight o´clock.
15. Where ________________ John and Martin _______________ (go)?

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16. Serena ___________________ (not know) what to do.
17. Wendy ________________ (not like) to do shopping.
18. My grandfather _______________ (not live) in London.
19. My best friend _______________ (like) math.
20. My brother and I _______________ (have) breakfast half past seven.
21. My cousin ____________________ (study) biology.
22. When ________________ Mary __________________ (start) school?
23. Gill _____________________ (not work) in a supermarket.

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 Simple Present (Habits) Reading Activity
Mornings

Every weekday morning my alarm clock rings at 7 o’clock and every weekday morning I try to
ignore it. I do not like mornings! I hide my head under the covers and I pretend that it isn’t
really morning. I groan. I complain. I say nasty things about mornings. Some mornings I fall
back to sleep for a few minutes! After a short time, I realize that I have to get up. I sigh. I
struggle out of bed and I start my day.

Vocabulary help:

• complain (verb) - to say that something is wrong or that you are annoyed about
something
• groan (verb) - to make a long low sound when expressing pain or unhappiness
• habitual (adjective) - usual or typical. A habitual action is something that you do often.
• ignore (verb) - to pay no attention to someone or something
• nasty (adjective) - bad, unkind, angry
• realize (verb) - to notice or understand something
• sigh (verb) - to breathe out slowly & noisily, often because you are annoyed or
unhappy
• struggle (verb) - try very hard to do something difficult
• fall asleep in front of the TV (expression) - to fall asleep while watching TV

More vocabulary? Click on the icon that looks like a book, to the left

Comprehension Check: Did you understand the story? Are these sentences true?

1. My alarm rings at 7 o'clock seven days of the week. Yes or no?

2. I jump out of bed when my alarm clock rings. Yes or no?
3. Sometimes I fall back to sleep after my alarm rings. Yes or no?

Fill in the Blanks:

4. I hide my _____________ under the covers.

5. Every weekday morning I try to ________________ the alarm.
6. Getting out of bed in the ________________ is a struggle.
7. I say _______________ things about mornings.
8. I groan and ________________ a lot in the morning.

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 LESSON 7
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
We use some adverbs to describe how frequently we do an activity. These are called adverbs of
frequency and include:
Frequency Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence
100% always I always go to bed before 11pm.
90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast.
80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym.
70% often* / frequently I often surf the internet.
50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.
30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food.
10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper.
5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol.
0% never I never swim in the sea.

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence

An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be).

Subject + adverb + main verb

I always remember to do my homework.
He normally gets good marks in exams.

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + to be + adverb
They are never pleased to see me.
She isn't usually bad tempered.

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed
between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb

She can sometimes beat me in a race.
I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.
They might never see each other again.
They could occasionally be heard laughing.

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We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence: Usually, normally, often, frequently,
sometimes, and occasionally.
• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.
BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence: Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever,
never.
We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:
• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you'.
We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific about the frequency:
- every day - once a month - twice a year - four times a day - every other week

Exercise I. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, as in the example.
Example: play /often / on / Sundays / they / football = They often play football on Sundays.

1. late / is / she / sometimes

_________________________________________________________________________
2. early / up / sister / never / Sundays / on / gets / my
_________________________________________________________________________
3. usually / he / goes / to / on / Fridays / the / cinema
_________________________________________________________________________
4. go / you / restaurant / often / a / do / how / to / ?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. she / the / beach / to / always / goes / in / the / summer
_________________________________________________________________________
6. sometimes / her / does / she / Fridays / on / shopping
_________________________________________________________________________

7. go / we / twice / month / the / theatre / to / a

_________________________________________________________________________
8. never / in / is / the / at / mornings / Peter / home
_________________________________________________________________________
9. he / work / rides / bike / to / his / often
_________________________________________________________________________

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 10. home / they / get / six o’clock / usually / at
_________________________________________________________________________
11. every / homework / students / their / good / do / day
_________________________________________________________________________
12. you / out / how / in / do / evenings / often / go / the / ?
_________________________________________________________________________

Exercise II. Put the frequency adverbs and expressions in the right place.

1. Susan is late for school. (never)

_________________________________________________________________________
2. My brother doesn’t write letters to his friends. (usually)
_________________________________________________________________________
3. We go on holidays. (twice a year)
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Peter wears a tie. (sometimes)
_________________________________________________________________________
5. I eat fish. (once a week)
_________________________________________________________________________
6. Do the children watch TV? (often)
_________________________________________________________________________
7. My father is very busy. (always)
_________________________________________________________________________

8. Peter tidies his room. (never)

_________________________________________________________________________
9. My mother goes shopping on Saturdays. (always)
_________________________________________________________________________
10. Do you get up late at the weekend? (usually)
_________________________________________________________________________

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 11. Mary rides her motorbike to work. (sometimes)
_________________________________________________________________________
12. I exercise in the afternoons. (often)
_________________________________________________________________________
13. Does Jane have lunch at home? (usually)
_________________________________________________________________________

Exercise III. Use the prompts and the frequency adverbs to write sentences about yourself.
always usually often sometimes never

1. get up at seven o’clock __________________________________________________

2. have a shower in the morning _____________________________________________
3. have lunch at school _____________________________________________________
4. do homework in the afternoon ____________________________________________
5. play computer games in the evenings _______________________________________
6. cook dinner ____________________________________________________________
7. watch TV before I go to bed _______________________________________________
8. go to bed early _________________________________________________________

Exercise IV. Answer the following questions using frequency expressions.

1. How often do you eat pasta? ____________________________________________
2. How often do you meet your friends? _____________________________________
3. How often do you brush your teeth? ______________________________________
4. How often do you do exercise? __________________________________________
5. How often do you use the computer? _____________________________________
6. Do you ever go away? __________________________________________________

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Exercise V. Choose the correct sentence.
1. a) Jim never is at work.
b) Jim is at work never.
c) Never is Jim at work.
d) Jim is never at work.
2. a) We have usually lunch at 12 o’clock.
b) We usually have lunch at 12 o’clock.
c) We have lunch at usually 12 o’clock.
d) We have lunch at 12 usually o’clock.
3. a) She travels always by train.
b) Always she travels by train.
c) She always travels by train.
d) She travels by always train.
4. a) They go out sometimes in the evening.
b) They sometimes go out in the evening.
c) They go out in sometimes the evening.
d) They go sometimes out in the evening.

Exercise VI. Write 6 questions with “How often…” and “Do you ever…”. Then, ask them to
your classmate. Write his/her answers.

1. ______________________________________________?
2. ______________________________________________?
3. ______________________________________________?
4. ______________________________________________?
5. ______________________________________________?
6. ______________________________________________?

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 LESSON 8
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Subject Pronouns I you he she it we you they

Possessive Adjectives my your his her its our your their

Exercise I. Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.

1. Where are (you) ______ friends now?
2. Here is a postcard from (I) ______ friend Dees.
3. She lives in England now with (she) ______ family.
4. (He) ______ wife works in Tilburg.
5. (He) ______ company builds websites.

Exercise II. Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.

1. Joanie is (John and Nancy) ______ daughter.
2. Our names are Kathy and Robin. This is (Kathy and Robin) ______ mother.
3. Jeremy and Valerie are (Tim and Carey) ______ parents.
4. Tony is (Mary) ______ grandson.
5. My name is Annie. This is (Annie) ______ father.
6. (Alex) ______ name is Alex.
7. Peggy and Martin are (Kelly) ______ children.
8. Is this _______ (you) house?
9. Robert, _______ (you) handwriting is difficult to read.
10. Michael is showing _______ (he) tortoise to _______ (he) friends.
11. My sister lost _______ (she) way in the city.
12. The lion is chasing _______ (it) prey.
13. The dentist asked _______ (he) patient to open _______ (she) mouth.

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Exercise III. Use the correct possessive adjectives.
1. Is this Jane’s dog? Yes it is ______ dog.
2. The dog is chasing ______ own tail.
3. Peter, is ______ father at home?
4. I am going to ______ aunt’s house this evening.
5. Rudy is showing ______ stamps to Ali.
6. We always keep ______ classroom clean.
7. Children, have you all finished ______ homework?
8. The children are proud of ______ school.

Exercise IV. Replace the subject pronouns by a possessive adjective.

1. My uncle’s name is Jack. ______ name is Jack.

2. Toby and Fran’s brother is in France. ______ brother is in France.
3. My mum’s car is a Seat. ______ car is a Seat.
4. My brother’s bicycle is blue. ______ bicycle is blue.
5. I’ve got my sister’s books. I’ve got ______ books.
6. Where are Paul and Nick’s books? Where are ______ books?

Exercise V. Use the correct possessive adjectives.

1. I give _______ (I) sandwich to John.

2. In this _______ (you) desk?
3. Alan crashes _______ (he) bike into a wall.
4. Rosa keeps _______ (she) house very clean
5. The dog was licking _______ (it) paws.
6. There’s a snake in _______ (we) garden.
7. Susan and Peter have invited me to _______ (they) party.

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Exercise VI. Choose the correct words.

1. My / I name is Louise.
2. Her / She sister is my English teacher.
3. We /Our parents are from London.
4. Your / You are my best friend.
5. Their / They live in Australia.
6. He / His is interested in computers.

Exercise VII. Complete the text with the correct word.

1. I’ve got a sister. _____ name is Hazel.

2. _____’s fifteen and _____ likes music.
3. I like music too. _____ favorite band is Coldplay.
4. I’ve also got two brothers. _____ names are Billy and Tom.
5. Billy likes football. _____ favorite team is Manchester United.
6. Tom doesn’t like sport. _____ prefers computer games.
7. _____ ´ve got a dog. She’s big and _____ name is Jane.

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 LESSON 9
PAST OF VERB TO BE

Exercise I. Complete with was / were or wasn’t / weren’t:

b. They ______________at school on Tuesday. They went on an excursion that day.

c. She ______________ outside because it ___________ cold.
d. We __________at the party and had a good time.

Exercise II. Complete the questions to the answers:

Example: a. When were you born?
A: I was born in 1980.

b. Where _________________________________?
He was at the cinema last night.
c. Why ___________________________________?
We were tired because we went to bed very late.

Exercise III. Change the following sentences into affirmative, interrogative or negative:
Example: a. He was a good student. (int/neg)
Was he a good student?
He wasn’t a good student.
b. Were they doctors? (affirm/neg)
____________________________________
____________________________________

c. There was a nice shopping center. (int/neg)

___________________________________?
____________________________________

Exercise IV. Correct these sentences.

Example: a. John played the guitar today. John played the guitar yesterday.
b. When you returned home yesterday?
____________________________________________________________________
c. We write the composition yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________
d. Matthew didn’t watched that program.
____________________________________________________________________

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 LESSON 10
SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Exercise I. Write the Simple Past form of the following Regular verbs:

1. wash ________________
2. walk ________________
3. study ________________
4. travel ________________
5. plant ________________
6. call ________________
7. carry ________________
8. educate ________________
9. watch ________________
10. laugh ________________

Exercise II. Write the Simple Past form of the following Irregular verbs:

1. do ________________
2. make ________________
3. eat ________________
4. sleep ________________
5. have ________________
6. go ________________
7. drink ________________
8. fly ________________
9. write ________________
10. read ________________
11. send ________________
12. get ________________
13. give ________________
14. understand ________________

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Exercise III. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets using the affirmative form of the
“past simple”

1. You ________ (arrive) in England last week.

2. My mom _______ (study) Russian at university.
3. I ________ (phone) you yesterday.
4. Last night, Marga and Alice ________ (plan) their holiday.
5. Tom ________ (invite) us to the party.
6. The children _________ (carry) the books to the classroom.
7. We ________ (finish) the exam at half past three.
8. I ________ (chat) to Jane about films and fashion.
9. They ________ (order) something to drink.
10. Last summer I ________ (go) to Stuttgart.
11. She ________ (do) her homework in the afternoon.
12. Our cat _______ (catch) a big mouse.
13. In 2011 our class ________ (make) a trip to Norwich
14. The secretary _________ (lose) the file yesterday.
15. Paul ________ (say) nothing to me.

Exercise IV. Change the sentences into negative form.

1. He played handball. _______________________________________________

2. Susan waited in the kitchen.________________________________________
3. I made the beds. __________________________________________________
4. They cleaned the classroom._______________________________________
5. She asked a lot of questions. ________________________________________
6. The friends got new computers. _____________________________________
7. I was in Sofia last weekend. _________________________________________
8. You built a house. __________________________________________________
9. Christian bought a new guitar. ______________________________________
10. We went shopping. _________________________________________________

24
Exercise V. Write questions in simple past

1. Anna / the window / open ________________________________________

2. She / home / walk ________________________________________________
3. You / in the garden / work _________________________________________
4. You / a song / sing ________________________________________________
5. She / on a chair / sit _______________________________________________
6. You / the castle / visit ______________________________________________
7. Jenny / the door / lock _____________________________________________
8. She / happy / be __________________________________________________

Exercise VI. Complete with the verbs in brackets.

a. Did ___________ the program on TV last night? (you / watch) — Yes, I did.
b. I __________________________________________ (walk) for 3 kilometers to arrive on
time, but I _______________ (be) late.
c. Dinosaurs ___________________ (not disappear) last year, they ___________ many
years ago. (disappear).

Exercise VII. Read the text about Christopher Columbus and write 2 questions and answer
them. Follow the example:

Christopher Columbus was born near Genoa, Italy in 1451. On August 3”, 1492 he sailed from
Palos, Spain. 88 men went with him. They landed in the Bahamas, but they thought it was
Asia. They returned to Europe in 1493.

Example: a. When was he born?

A: In 1451

b. ____________________________________________________________________?
______________________________________________________________________.
c. ____________________________________________________________________?
______________________________________________________________________.

25
Exercise VIII. Choose a verb form from the box and complete each sentence. Put the verb in the
Past Simple. Use the verb once.

fly pass play win leave

send meet drive visit go

a. Jane ________ to Madrid.

b. You ______________ your exams.
c. He ______________ golf at the club yesterday morning.
d. The Italian team ______________ the match.
e. The train ______________ the station at five o’clock yesterday evening.
f. Mario ______________ me an e-mail from France.
g. John ______________ Helen yesterday morning.

Exercise IX. Complete the missing gaps.

Sentence Question
1. I watched TV last night _____ You ________ TV last night?
2. She got up at 10. What time ____________________________?
3. They had a breakfast. _____ they have breakfast?
4. The baby slept well. Did the baby ___________ well?
5. I bought two kilos of apple. What did you ______________ ?
6. Mary lived in Izmir. ______ Mary _________ in Izmir?
7. It rained a lot yesterday. _____________________ a lot yesterday ?
8. My parents had a good holiday. Did your parents ________ a good holiday ?
9. They came home at midnight. What time ____________________________?

26
Exercise X. Write questions in Simple Past.

1. ___________________________________________? They watched a movie on TV.

2. ___________________________________________? I felt really sick.
3. ___________________________________________? John wanted a new toy.
4. ___________________________________________? Edward found a treasure.
5. ___________________________________________? She went to school on Monday.
6. ___________________________________________? Mark worked in the hospital.
7. ___________________________________________? It rained in the morning.
8. ___________________________________________? Sally slept in a hotel.
9. _____________________________________? The baby cried because it was hungry.
10. __________________________________________? I exercised in the gym.

27
 Simple Past Reading Activity
I Missed my Train!

Exercise I. Read the story and then do the exercise below.

I only missed the train by a few minutes. I was annoyed. If I had walked a bit faster, I might
have made my train. If I had left a few minutes earlier, I might have been on time.
Because I missed my train, I had to wait for the next one. I had to wait for an hour and a half.

I bought a cup of coffee and a newspaper. I found a chair to sit on. I drank my coffee and read
the newspaper while I waited for the next train.
It was very frustrating.
NOTE:
• Verbs in bold letters are in the past tense.
• Verbs in italics are in past perfect tense.

Vocabulary help:
o annoyed (verb) - past tense of 'to annoy'
o bought (verb) - past tense of 'to buy'
o drank (verb) - past tense of 'to drink'
o few (adjective) - a small number of, not many. A few minutes is a very short time.
o found (verb) - past tense of 'to find'
o left (verb) - past tense of 'to leave'
o might (auxiliary verb) - it expresses permission, probability, or possibility
o missed (verb) - past tense of 'to miss'
o on time (expression) - at or before the correct time, not late

Comprehension Check: Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

1. I ____________ my train so I had to __________ for the next one.
2. I ___________ a cup of coffee.
3. I missed my train by a __________ minutes.
4. The next train was an ________ and a half later.
5. I read a ______________.
6. I was ______________ that I had to wait.
8. There are _______ minutes in an hour and a half.
9. The word 'bought' is the past tense of the verb _______________.

28
 LESSON 11
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Exercise I. Change the following sentences into negative form, and interrogative form.
1. She was having a bath.
2. We were running down the road.
3. The soldiers were doing exercise
4. Alice was making the beds.
5. The children were watching TV.
6. The men were going to work.
7. The boys were studying for a test.

Exercise II. Ask questions using question words like Who, Where, What, How, etc. In each
case, the underlined part must be the answer to your question.

1. They were walking in the park at midday. __________________________________________

2. Mary was eating a sandwich in her room. __________________________________________
3. Peter wasn't working because he was on vacation. ____________________________________
4. The generals were working in the conference room. __________________________________
5. I was getting dressed when you called me up this morning. _____________________________
6. Mrs. White was lying on the sofa because she was tired. _______________________________
7. The soldiers were jogging when it began to rain. _____________________________________
8. Bob was taking a shower when the fire started. ______________________________________
9. When the war broke out, they were living in the north of France. ________________________
10. More than ten people were standing outside the building. _____________________________

Exercise III. Answer the following questions in English. Give complete answers.
1. What were you doing at this time yesterday? _________________________________________
2. Where were you working in December last year? _____________________________________
3. Where were your parents living when they got married? _______________________________
4. What were you doing when Jack phoned you last night? _______________________________

29
 Past Continuous Reading Activity

Exercise I. Read the story and then answer the questions.

Yesterday, it was raining and thundering all day. Ann was playing inside the house. She
wanted to be outside. She wasn't playing outside because it was raining. She was feeling tired
of being trapped inside the house.

Ann was trying to keep busy inside the house. She was reading her book until the electricity
went out. Then, she decided to practice her sewing. She was practicing sewing until
lunchtime. After lunch, she sat by the window and watched the rain.

While Ann was watching the rain, the phone rang. Her mother was calling to say she was
coming home. She was bringing a new game. Ann and her mother ate ice cream and played
the game.

While they were playing, the rain stopped! But Ann didn't even notice. She was having such a
good time with her mom!

II. Answer the following questions. Use the Past Continuous tense.

1. Where was Ann playing yesterday? Why wasn't she playing outside?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. What was Ann doing before the electricity went out? What was she doing until lunchtime?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. At the end of the story, the rain stopped. What was Ann doing?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

30
 LESSON 12
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Exercise I. Write the PAST PARTICIPLE form of the following Regular verbs:

1. wash ________________
2. walk ________________
3. study ________________
4. travel ________________
5. plant ________________
6. call ________________
7. carry ________________
8. educate ________________
9. watch ________________
10. laugh ________________

Exercise II. Write the PAST PARTICIPLE form of the following Irregular verbs:

1. do ________________
2. make ________________
3. eat ________________
4. sleep ________________
5. have ________________
6. go ________________
7. drink ________________
8. fly ________________
9. write ________________
10. read ________________
11. send ________________
12. get ________________
13. give ________________
14. understand ________________

31
Exercise III. Complete the following sentences with the Present Perfect Tense.
1. The tennis game _________ just _____________ . Hurry up! (start)
2. Bill _________________________ in Tokyo several times. He knows it well. (be)
3. Your train ___________already _____________ , Sir. You'll have to take the 8:15 train
which leaves from Victoria Station. (leave)
4. I'm quite sure that I _________ that woman before. (see)
5. My friends___________in this house for over 10 years. (live)
6. Peter ___________ just _____________ a letter. He's reading it now. (receive)
7. He isn't in Chile. He _________ to America. (go)
8. John ___________ for that company since 1987. (work)
9. The students ___________ already ____________ that book (read)
10. Mary __________ to him about it twice already. (speak)
11. I ____________that man before. I don't remember when, but I'm sure I know him. (meet)

Exercise IV. Change the following sentences into Negative or Interrogative forms.
1. The soccer game has already finished.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?
2. Peter has had dinner already.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?
3. They have studied the report.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?
4. The plane has already left.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?
5. John has sent them a fax.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?

32
 6. They've given her Tom's new address.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?
7. My parents have been married for 50 years.
(-) _______________________________________________.
(?)_______________________________________________?

Exercise V. Write questions to the answers below.

1. ______________________________________________________?
A: Tom's seen that same movie three times.
2. ______________________________________________________?
A: They've bought a new house.
3. ______________________________________________________?
A: He's gone to bed because he's ill.
4. ______________________________________________________?
A: Tom's lived in Pakistan for over a year.
5. ______________________________________________________?
A: They've sold ten books today.
6. ______________________________________________________?
A: Paul's worked for our company since 1989.
7. ______________________________________________________?
A: I've eaten a ham sandwich.
8. ______________________________________________________?
A: John has been in Chicago and Boston.
9. ______________________________________________________?
A: Ann hasn't answered the letters because she's been too busy.
10. ______________________________________________________?
A: The boys have done nothing today.

33
 11. ______________________________________________________?
A: We've waited for them for more than two hours.
12. ______________________________________________________?
A: The students have done the same exercise three times.

Exercise VI. Answer these questions.

1. Have you ever been to Japan? (never).
A: ______________________________________________________.
2. Has Maria ever visited the USA? (twice)
A: ______________________________________________________.
3. Have they ever seen a UFO? (Never)
A: ______________________________________________________.
4. Have you ever driven a Mercedes? (Once or twice)
A: ______________________________________________________.
5. Has your father ever lived abroad? (several times)
A: ______________________________________________________.
6. Have you seen the President in person? (never)
A: ______________________________________________________.
7. Has Susan ever come to Chile? (a couple of times)
A: ______________________________________________________.
8. Have ever been to Europe?
A: ______________________________________________________.
9. Has your mom ever cooked Chinese food?
A: ______________________________________________________.
10. Have your parents ever travelled to Cancun?
A: ______________________________________________________.
11. Have you already seen “Titanic”?
A: ______________________________________________________.

34
 LESSON 13
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
(FOR & SINCE)

Exercise I. Fill the gap with either FOR or SINCE.

1. I have been learning English _________ six months.
2. I have been learning English ________ July 2010.
3. How long has it been _________ you’ve been on holiday?
4. How long did you go on holiday _________?
5. I worked there __________ five years.
6. I have worked there __________ May.
7. She’s been waiting __________ 12.30 for you!
8. She’s been waiting __________ an hour for you!
9. They wanted to see the movie ever __________ they saw an advert for it.
10. They’ve wanted to see the movie __________ a long time.

Exercise II. Write whether you should use FOR or SINCE with the following phrases.
1. ______________ 2 years ago 6. ______________ 31st March
2. ______________ 10 minutes 7. ______________ 30 seconds
3. ______________ The 12thCentury 8. ______________ Monday
4. ______________ 25/11/1989 9. ______________ A long time
5. ______________ Five years 10. _____________ A long time ago

Exercise III. Answer the questions with either FOR or SINCE.

1. How long have you studied English?
______________________________________________________________________
2. How long have you lived in your current house?
______________________________________________________________________
3. How long have you been in Santiago?
______________________________________________________________________

35
 Present Perfect Reading Activity
My Dog Mandy

This is Mandy. She is the best dog! I got her a few months ago when she was just a little
puppy. She has grown a lot since then!

Over the past few months, we have become good friends. We have spent lots of time
together having fun. We have gone to the park almost every day. We have friends that we
meet at the park so Mandy has other dogs to play with. They run and bark together. Mandy
has learned how to catch a ball. She has short legs but she can jump! It is a game that she likes
to play so we have played it a lot! She wags her tail when she catches the ball.

She has been good company.

Vocabulary help:

• bark (verb) - to make the sound of a dog.

• become (verb) - to begin to be something.
• grown (verb) past participle of to grow - to get bigger
• jump (verb) - to push yourself into the air with a strong movement of your legs.
• leg (noun) - the part of the body between the hip and the foot.
• park (noun) - an area of public land that anyone can use for rest and enjoyment.
• puppy (noun) - a young dog.
• spent (verb) past participle of to spend - to use time doing a particular activity.
• tail (noun) - a part of an animal's body that sticks out from the back end.
• together (adverb) - with someone else, or in a group.
• wag (verb) - to cause to move quickly up and down or from side to side

Comprehension Check: Did you understand the story? Are these sentences true?
1. Mandy has grown a lot in a few months. Yes or no?
2. Mandy runs and barks with other dogs in the park. Yes or no?
3. Mandy has short legs. Yes or no?
4. Mandy can't jump. Yes or no?
5. She wags her tail when she catches the ball. Yes or no?

Fill in the Blanks:

6. We _________ played with a ball in the park almost every day.

7. Mandy _________ been good company.
8. I got Mandy when she was a little _____________.
9. Mandy and I _______ friends at the park.
10. When Mandy ______________ the ball, she wags her tail.
11. We have _____________ good friends over the past few months.

36
 LESSON 14
GOING TO (FUTURE)

Exercise I. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of going to.

1. I _________________________ learn to surf next summer.

2. We _______________________ visit Paris with our friends at Easter.
3. The Corrs ______________________ play at a concert in Madrid next year.
4. Mum said that you ______________________ invite Tom to your party. Is it true?
5. Patrick _______________________ start a group. Do you want to be in it?

Exercise II. Put the words in the correct order.

1. holiday / go / to / on / aren’t / going / they

______________________________________________________________________
2. worry / it / rain / . / going / don’t / is / to / not
______________________________________________________________________
3. tell / answer / you / the / going / not / I’m / to
______________________________________________________________________
4. aren’t / going / we / listen / to / to / him
______________________________________________________________________

Exercise III. Put the words in the correct order.

1. to / you / going / holiday? / are / go / on

______________________________________________________________________
2. to / going / is / what / do / tomorrow? / John
______________________________________________________________________
3. to / going / next / you / year? / live / where / are
______________________________________________________________________
4. change / to / going / their / are / they / image?
______________________________________________________________________

37
 Going to Reading Activity

Exercise I. Read the dialog and then answer the questions.

Martha: What horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it will just continue
raining.
Jane: Oh, I don't know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon.

Martha: I hope you're right. Listen, I'm going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to
come?
Jane: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who's going to come to the party?

Martha: Well, a number of people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help
out with the cooking!
Jane: Hey, I'll help, too!

Martha: Would you? That would be great!

Jane: I'll make lasagna!

Martha: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to be there. I'm sure they'll
love it.
Jane: Italians? Maybe I'll bake a cake...

Martha: No, no. They're not like that. They'll love it.
Jane: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party?

Martha: No, I don't think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.
Jane: I'm sure it'll be lots of fun.

Martha: But I'm going to hire a clown!

Jane: A clown! You're kidding me.

Martha: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, I'm going to have a clown at my
own party.
Jane: I'm sure everyone will have a good laugh.

Martha: That's the plan!

38
Exercise II. Follow-up Questions

1. What do they think about the weather?

_________________________________________________________________________
2. What does Martha have to share?
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What are Peter and Mark going to do?
_________________________________________________________________________
4. What does Jane offer to do?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?
_________________________________________________________________________
6. What special plan is there?
_________________________________________________________________________
7. Why does Martha want a clown?
_________________________________________________________________________
8. Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come? If yes, how many. If not,
why not?
_________________________________________________________________________
9. How does Jane think people will react to the clown?
_________________________________________________________________________
10. Is there a theme for the party?
_________________________________________________________________________

39
 LESSON 15
WILL (FUTURE)

Exercise I. Complete the sentences with WILL (‘ll) in affirmative form.

1. If I arrive late, I (call) ________________ you.
2. They (help) ________________ you.
3. Maybe he (stay) ________________ at home tonight.
4. My friends (go/probably) ________________ to the beach.
5. Peter (buy) ________________ the tickets.

Exercise II. Complete the sentences with WILL in negative form.

1. I (answer) ________________ the question.
2. My brother (lock) ________________ the door.
3. The boy (catch) ________________ the ball.
4. I (read) ________________ that magazine.
5. We (send) ________________ that present to my uncle.

Exercise III. Choose the correct option that best completes the sentence: 'll or 'm going to.
1. I cannot see how to use this spreadsheet.
Don't worry. I ______ help you.

2. I need to speak to you today.

I'm going out now but I ______ be back later.

3. Are you sending the box to Michael?

I think I __________ send it today.

4. Are you travelling tomorrow?

Maybe I ________ go to Mexico city.

5. That's much too heavy for one person. I ______ give you a hand.

6. Why are you dressed formally?

I ______ meet my boss at the airport.

40
 Will Reading Activity

On Saturday, Katie will be one year old. Katie's parents are going to have a birthday party. The
party is going to begin at noon on Saturday. Many people will be at the party. Katie will have
so much fun!

Katie's dad is going to cook hamburgers. Katie's grandmother is going to bring ice cream.
Katie's aunt is going to bake a cake. It will be a chocolate cake. Katie will love her cake!

All of Katie's relatives will bring presents. Katie is going to open her presents after lunch.
Then, everyone will eat cake and ice cream. Katie is going to have a good first birthday!

A. Answer the following questions. Use the Simple Future tense.

1. How old will Katie be on Thursday?
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. What time is her party going to start?
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. Who is going to bake the cake? What kind of cake will it be?
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. When is Katie going to open her presents? What will happen then?
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
B. Rewrite the following sentences as negative sentences, yes/no questions, WH-questions
(using the underlined word or phrase) and tag questions.
1. Katie will be one year old.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________________________?
2. It will be a chocolate cake.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________?
_______________________________________________________________________?

41
 LESSON 16
TELLING TIME

Exercise I. Match the times in Column A with the sentences is Column B

A. 12:20 1. It's twenty to one

B. 08:30 2. It's a quarter past two
C. 09:45 3. It's ten past three
D. 02:15 4. It's five to nine
E. 07:05 5. It's ten to five
F. 08:55 6. It's twenty-five to eleven
G. 03:10 7. It's five past seven
H. 04:50 8. It's half past eight
I. 04:00 9. It's twenty past twelve
J. 12:40 10. It's a quarter to ten
K. 06:25 11. It's twenty-five past six
L. 10:35 12. It's four o'clock

A B C D E F G H I J K L

Exercise II. Write down the times and read. Use “PAST” or “TO”

10:55 _______________________________________________________________.
02:45 _______________________________________________________________.
11:30 _______________________________________________________________.
03:20 _______________________________________________________________.
07:15 _______________________________________________________________.
12:59 _______________________________________________________________.
05:10 _______________________________________________________________.
10:35 _______________________________________________________________.

42
 LESSON 17
COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Exercise I. For each blank below, decide whether the word is a Countable (CN) or an
Uncountable noun (UCN).

1. honey 11. gravity

2. table 12. bicycle
3. advice 13. vanilla
4. wallet 14. information
5. health 15. wheat
6. luggage 16. air
7. computer 17. house
8. salt 18. anger
9. strength 19. tea
10. English 20. plant

Questions
How much ....? = uncountable nouns
For example: How much coffee do you drink?

How many ....? = countable nouns

For example: How many cups of coffee do you drink?

Exercise II. Find the mistakes in the sentences and questions below.

1. How much apples do you want? ________________________________

2. Do you want a wine? ________________________________
3. I have four childs. ________________________________
4. I'd like some sandwich. ________________________________
5. How many wine do we need? ________________________________
6. Can you buy a rice for tonight? ________________________________
7. How many peoples are coming to the party? ________________________________
8. I have some five dollar bill. ________________________________

43
 LESSON 18
SOME / ANY / MUCH / MANY / A FEW / FEW / A LITTLE / LITTLE

SOME A little, a few or small number or amount.

We usually use some in positive sentences for countable and uncountable nouns.
I have some friends in London.
I usually drink some wine with my meal.
Sometimes we use some in a question, when we expect a positive YES answer.
Would you like some more tea?
Could I have some more sugar please?

ANY One, small or all. It is used with negative sentences.

When asking questions and when a sentence is grammatically positive, but the meaning of
the sentence is negative.

Do you have any ice cream left for me?

My brother never does any chores.
We use any for both countable and uncountable nouns.
Do you have any cheese?
He doesn't have any friends in Paris.

MUCH It is used with uncountable nouns.

They don't have much money to buy a present.
MANY It is used with countable nouns.
I don't have many English stamps in my collection.

FEW / A FEW are quantifiers. Here is how to use them correctly:

A few is more than few.

few people, few books, few letters

We use a few and few + a plural countable noun.
a few people, a few books, a few letters

Fortunately, our financial situation is good: we still have a

A few is a positive idea.
few good customers.

I'm very sad: I have few good friends.

Few is a negative idea. It means 'almost none'. I'm very sad: I have very few good friends.
We can also use very few. (Both these sentences mean ‘I don't have many good
friends – I would like to have more’.)

A few and few have irregular comparative and few ⇒ fewer ⇒ the fewest
superlative forms. a few ⇒ more ⇒ the most

44
LITTLE / A LITTLE are also quantifiers.

A little is more than little.

a little time, a little food, a little money, little time,

We use a little and little + an uncountable noun.
little food, little money

A little is a positive idea. It means 'not much, but

I can help you: I speak a little English.
some'.

I can't help you. I speak little English.

I can't help you. I speak very little English.
Little is a negative idea. It means 'nearly none, nearly
nothing'. We can also use very little.
Both these sentences mean ‘My English isn’t good; I
would like to speak English better’.

A little and little have irregular comparative and little ⇒ less ⇒ the least
superlative forms. a little ⇒ more ⇒ the most

Exercise I. Choose the correct option.

1. Is there __________ cheese left?

A. Any
B. The
C. Some

2. To make a pancake, you need ________ eggs and flour.

A. An
B. Much
C. Some

3. How _________ cars are we taking?

A. A lot
B. Many
C. A few

4. Excuse me. I need ________ information about the trains to Guadalajara.

A. Any
B. A few
C. Some

45
5. For lunch, I had a salad and a ___________ of pizza today.
A. Some
B. Slice
C. Piece

6. How __________ rice do we have left?

A. Much
B. A
C. Do

7. It's cold. Don't open _______ windows.

A. Some
B. A little
C. Any

8. Please, buy me a __________ apples for the cake.

A. Few
B. Little
C. Some

9. Is there _________ time left?

A. Many
B. Much
C. Some

10. It's too __________ for me. I can't eat it all.

A. Much
B. Many
C. Some

11. There's ___________ coffee in the pot.

A. Any
B. Some
C. A few

12. The plants need __________ more water.

A. Any
B. A little
C. a few

46
 LESSON 19
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

A. FORMATION OF COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES

There are two ways to make or to "form" a comparative adjective:
• short adjectives: add "-er"
• long adjectives: use "more"

SHORT ADJECTIVES: add -er examples

1-syllable adjectives old, fast
2-syllable adjectives ending in -y happy, easy
RULE: add "-er" old → older
Variation: if the adjective ends in -e, just add -r late → later
Variation: if the adjective ends in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the last big → bigger
consonant
Variation: if the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i happy → happier
LONG ADJECTIVES: use more examples
2-syllable adjectives not ending in -y modern, pleasant
all adjectives of 3 or more syllables expensive, intellectual
RULE: use "more" modern → more modern
expensive → more expensive

With some 2-syllable adjectives, we can use "-er" OR "more":

quiet → quieter/more quiet
clever → cleverer/more clever
narrow → narrower/more narrow
simple → simpler/more simple

Exception: The following adjectives have irregular forms:

good → better
well (healthy) → better
bad → worse
far → farther/further

47
 LESSON 20
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

B. FORMATION OF SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

As with comparative adjectives, there are two ways to form a superlative adjective:
• short adjectives: add "-est"
• long adjectives: use "most"

We also usually add 'the' at the beginning.

SHORT ADJECTIVES
1-syllable adjectives old, fast
2-syllable adjectives ending in -y happy, easy
RULE: add "-est" old → the oldest
Variation: if the adjective ends in -e, just add -st late → the latest
Variation: if the adjective ends in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the big → the biggest
last consonant
Variation: if the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i happy → the happiest
LONG ADJECTIVES
2-syllable adjectives not ending in -y modern, pleasant
all adjectives of 3 or more syllables expensive, intellectual
RULE: use "most" modern → the most modern
expensive → the most expensive

With some 2-syllable adjectives, we can use "-est" OR "most":

quiet → the quietest/most quiet

clever → the cleverest/most clever
narrow → the narrowest/most narrow
simple → the simplest/most simple

Exception: The following adjectives have irregular forms:

good → the best
bad → the worst
far → the farthest/furthest

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Exercise I. Choose the correct option for these Comparative and Superlative adjective
sentences.

1. I am ________ my brother.
a) taller than b) the tallest

2. She is ________ student in her class.

a) younger than b) the younger c) the youngest

3. The dog is ________ the cat.

a) the older than b) older than c) the oldest

4. The red jacket is ________ the blue jacket.

a) expensiver than b) more expensive than c) the most expensive

5. My mother is ________ in her family.

a) the shorter b) the shorter than c) the shortest

6. I like sushi, but Chinese food is ________.

a) better b) the better c) more better d) the bestest

7. My drink is ________ of all the drinks.

a) colder than b) the coldest c) the most cold

8. My sister is ________ student in her class.

a) smarter than b) the smarter c) the most smart d) the smartest

9. Those books are ________ the other books.

a) expensiver than b) more expensive than c) most expensive than d) the most expensive

10. Her brother is ________ soccer player on his team.

a) the better b) better than c) the most good d) the best

Exercise II. Fill in the spaces with the correct comparative adjectives

1. The red jacket is __________________ (cheap) than the blue jacket.

2. The shoes are__________________ (nice) than the boots.
3. The pink socks are__________________ (expensive) than the white socks.
4. The brown sweater is__________________ (good) than the blue sweater.

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 5. The chocolate looks__________________ (bad) than the candy.
6. The radio is__________________ (new) than the DVD player.
7. The CDs are__________________ (old) than the DVDs.
8. These apples are__________________ (bright) than those apples.
9. This dress is__________________ (beautiful) than that dress.
10. Those green tomatoes are__________________ (sweet) than the red tomatoes.

Exercise III. Fill in the spaces with the correct Superlative Adjectives.

1. Her computer is the__________________ (new).

2. Those glasses are the__________________ (nice) in the store.

3. She is the__________________ (old) person in her family.

4. Mr. Kendrick is the__________________ (good) teacher in the school.

5. My puppy is the__________________ (young) of all my friends' dogs.

6. These books are the__________________ (expensive) books in the store.

7. I am the __________________ (bad) soccer player on the team.

8. These oranges are the__________________ (sweet) type of orange.

9. He is the__________________ (hard) worker in his company.

10. That was the__________________ (interesting) movie I have ever seen.

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 LESSON 21
HOPE, WANT AND WOULD LIKE

Hope, want and would like belong into the group of verbs, which are followed by the infinitive.

Exercise I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.

1. He __________________ (hope) to win the prize.

2. I __________________ (want) to live in a small city.

3. They __________________ (hope) to win the lottery.

4. My sister __________________ (would like) to be a model

5. We __________________ (not would like) to have animals at home.

6. Gina __________________ (not want) to leave school.

7. Annie __________________ (not hope) to pass her exam.

8. She __________________ (want) to be a famous actress.

9. You __________________ (not hope) to get a present.

10. Bertha __________________ (not would like) to live in Madrid.

11. __________________ (he / want) to drink some water?

12. __________________ (he / would like) to come to the party?

13. They __________________ (not want) to travel around the world.

14. __________________ (you / would like) to meet my friends?

15. __________________ (you / want) to phone him?

16. __________________ (she / hope) to have holidays?

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II. Complete the short answers.

1. Does he want to win the lottery? 6. Would you like to come to my party?
Yes, ______________________. Yes, _____________________.
7. Do you and Peter want to eat spaghetti'
2. Would you like to read this book?
No, _____________________.
No, ______________________.
8. Does Mary hope to discover a new galaxy?
3. Do you hope to help your family'
No, _____________________.
Yes, _____________________.
9. Do you hope to buy a big car?
4. Would the children like to play?
No, _____________________.
Yes, _____________________.
10. Does Paul want to see the film?
5. Do Tom and Sarah want to stay at home? Yes, ____________________.
No, _____________________.

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