CADASTRE SURVEY PRACTICE

(SGHU 4323)
WEEK 3-SURVEYING
ACCORDING TO SECTION 396
OF NATIONAL LAND CODE 1965
SR DR. TAN LIAT CHOON
07-5530844
016-4975551
1
 OUTLINE
• Survey Procedures and Deposited Plans
(S396 - S413)
• Professional Ethic
• Survey Datum
• Boundary
• Party Wall
2
 SURVEY PROCEDURES AND
DEPOSITED PLANS (S396 - S413)
NATIONAL LAND CODE 1965

3
 Manner in Which Survey is to be
Carried Out (S396)
 Its boundaries have been determined by right-lines.

 Its boundaries as so determined have been demarcated on the

surface of the land by boundary mark.

 The area enclosed by its boundaries as so determined has been

calculated.

 A lot number has been assigned thereto by the Director of Survey

and Mapping.

 A certified plan, showing the situation of the land, the position of its
boundaries as so determined and of the boundary marks placed as
well as the area and lot number has been approved by the Director of
Survey and Mapping. 4
 Amendment of Survey Plan
(S396A)
 Certified plan contains an error or omission.

 Any alienated land becomes included within the

boundaries of a new district, new sub-district, new mukim,
new town or new village.

 Any alienated land has ceased to be part of any town,

village or mukim.

5
 Amendment of Survey Plan
(S396A)
 The Director of Survey and Mapping amend or cause to
be amended any such plan as may be included in the
register or issue document of title to any land as may be
necessary to correct or to bring up to date the name of the
district, sub-district, mukim, town, village or any particulars
of survey such as bearing and distances as may appear in
the said plan.

 The Director of Survey and Mapping shall inform the

Registrar accordingly, and the Registrar shall make an entry
in the register setting out the items so corrected and shall
sign and seal the said entry.
6
Control and Supervision of Officers
(S397)
 The Director of Survey and Mapping shall exercise
general control and supervision over all other Survey
Officers.

• Government Order
• Director General Circular
• Survey Regulations

7
 Powers of Director Of Survey and
Mapping (S398)
 Do preparatory work on the land or adjacent land.

 Mark out the boundaries of the land.

 Emplace boundary marks on the land or adjacent land.

 Alter, repair or remove any boundary mark so emplaced.

 Remove or destroy trees, crops, fences and other property on

the land or adjacent land.

 Do on the land or adjacent land all other things reasonably

necessary for carrying out the survey.
8
 Powers of Director Of Survey and
Mapping (S398)
 Emplace any survey reference mark on any land in the State, and
may do on the land or adjacent land all things reasonably necessary for
the establishment, protection, maintenance, repair, alteration or
removal of such mark.

 Shall have the right of access to and entry upon any land in the
State.

 May be exercised on behalf of the Director of Survey and Mapping

by any Survey Office or licensed land surveyor.

 May be exercised at all reasonable times and with such number of

assistants as the Director of Survey and Mapping or the person acting
on his behalf, as the case may be, thinks appropriate.
9
 Duty to Complete Survey (S398A)
 Where any licensed land surveyor carries out a survey of any land
for the purposes of this Act, he shall complete the survey within the
stipulated time and deposit all the survey plans together with the
relevant field books, calculation sheets and other survey data with the
Director of Survey and Mapping within such period as may be specified
by the Director of Survey and Mapping.

 The Director of Survey and Mapping may, by a notice in Form 29D,

require any licensed land surveyor who has not completed the survey
to produce any document relating to the survey which is in his
possession or control.

 Where any licensed land surveyor fails to complete any survey,

without any reasonable cause, the Director of Survey and Mapping
shall complete or cause to be completed the survey and recover the
costs of the completion of the survey from such surveyor. 10
 Duties of Director of Survey and
Mapping (S399)
 To cause such computations to be made from the records of
Survey Officers to prove in respect of any land surveyed the
accuracy of the survey, the dimensions of the land and the
accurate emplacement of boundary marks.

 Define the geographical position of any land surveyed.

 To prepare survey plans.

 Safely to keep all survey records including the digital cadastral

database.

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Notice to Secure Attendance for Purpose of
Pointing Out Boundaries (S400)
 A Survey Officer (Form 29A) to be served on any person owning,
occupying, applying for or otherwise interested in, or employed on or
in connection with, any land which the officer is required to survey
calling upon that person to attend before him, at a time and place to
be stated in the notice, or (Form 29B) for the purpose of giving the
information or producing the document, as the case may be. for the
purpose of:

• Pointing out the boundaries of the land.

• Rendering aid in emplacing or repairing boundary marks.
• Affording other information or assistance for the purpose of the
survey.
• Can give any information respecting the boundaries of any land
which the officer is required to survey.
• Has in his custody or under his control any document relating to
boundaries of the land. 12
 Unauthorized Survey (S400A)
 Any person who, not being a Survey Officer or licensed
land surveyor or Freelancer carries out a survey or
undertakes to carry out a survey of any land in the State (for
title survey work) shall be guilty of an offence, and liable on
conviction to a fine:

• Not exceeding ten thousand ringgit, or

• Imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or
• to both.

13
 Notice to Clear Boundaries (S401)
 A Survey Officer (Form 29C) to be served on any person who
is the proprietor or occupier of or an applicant for any land
which the officer is required to survey calling upon that person:

• To clear any boundary line of the land; or

• To cut any line which may be necessary for the purposes of
the survey.

 Where a person fails to carry out work which he is required to

carry out by a notice served on him by a Survey Officer:

• The officer may himself cause the work to be carried out; and
• The cost of carrying out the work shall be recoverable from
that person as a debt due to the State Authority.
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 Recovery of Cost of Boundary
Marks (S402)
The cost of emplacing boundary marks on land which is
surveyed for the purposes of this Act shall be defrayed by
the proprietor of the land and, if not so defrayed, shall be
recoverable from him as a debt due to the State Authority.

15
Penalty for Interference with Boundary
Marks and Survey Reference Marks
(S403)
 Any person who, without the authority of the Director of
Survey and Mapping, wilfully destroys, damages, defaces, moves
or otherwise interferes with a boundary mark or a survey
reference mark shall be guilty of an offence and on conviction:

• Shall be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred ringgit;

and
• Penalty to pay to the State Authority in the case of a boundary
mark, and to the Survey and Mapping Development, in the
case of a survey reference mark, a sum (recoverable as a fine)
not exceeding three times the cost of repairing or re-
emplacing the boundary mark or survey reference mark and
of making any survey. 16
 Removal and Alteration of
Boundary Marks (S404)
 A person requires the temporary or permanent removal or
alteration of a boundary mark, make written application in that behalf
to the Registrar or Land Administrator, stating the reasons and the
Registrar or Land Administrator:
• Shall inform the Director of Survey and Mapping; and
• The Director of Survey and Mapping shall arrange for the boundary
mark to be moved or altered in accordance with the request.

 The cost of the removal or alteration of a boundary mark shall be

defrayed by the applicant and, if not so defrayed, shall be recoverable
from him as a debt due to the State Authority:
• The cost of survey shall not be borne by the applicant as a result of
the advance of the shoreline or the bed of any river as specified in
section 49 the cost of removal or alteration of the boundary marks.17
 Removal and Alteration of Survey
Reference Marks (S404A)
 A person requires the temporary or permanent removal
or alteration of a survey reference mark, he may make a
written application to the Director of Survey and Mapping,
stating the reasons for his application.

 The Director of Survey and Mapping approves an

application shall arrange for the survey reference mark to
be removed or altered in accordance with the request.

 The cost of the removal or alteration of a survey

reference mark under this section.
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 Replacement of Boundary Marks
Which are Damaged, etc (S405)
 It shall be the duty of every Survey Officer, Settlement Officer
and Penghulu to report immediately to the Registrar or Land
Administrator any boundary mark which he has found to have
been altered or moved or to be defaced, obliterated, injured,
missing or otherwise impaired, destroyed or rendered useless.

• Shall inform the Director of Survey and Mapping.

• The Director of Survey and Mapping shall cause the boundary
mark to be replaced or repaired, as the circumstances may
require.
• The cost of the replacement or repair shall be recoverable as a
debt due to the State Authority from the proprietor of the
land. 19
 Replacement of Survey Reference
Marks Which are Damaged, etc
(S405A)
 It shall be the duty of every Survey Officer to report
immediately to the Director of Survey and Mapping any survey
reference mark which he has found to have been altered,
moved, defaced, obliterated, injured, missing or otherwise
impaired, destroyed or rendered useless.

• Shall cause the survey reference mark to be replaced or

repaired as the circumstances may require.

• The cost of the replacement or repair shall be recoverable

from the person or body responsible for the acts
abovementioned. 20
 Compensation for Damage (S406)
 In order to mark out, clear or define any boundary or other
line for the purposes of a survey, it is necessary for a Survey
Officer to enter on any land and remove or destroy any trees,
fences, crops or other property of value, the officer shall:

• Assess the value of the property before removing or

destroying it.
• Pay or tender to the owner of the property the value so
assessed.

 Any dispute regarding the sufficiency of any amount assessed,

paid or tendered shall be determined by the Land Administrator,
whose decision shall be final.
21
 Errors in survey (S407)
 As between the Federation or the State Authority and a
proprietor, no claim or suit shall arise or be maintained on
account of any surplus or deficiency in the:

• Volume or measurement of any stratum lot or any parcel

of a subdivided building disclosed by a survey showing a
volume or measurement differing from the volume or
measurement disclosed on any subsequent survey or
from the area or measurement shown in the register
document of title.

22
 Director of Survey and Mapping's
Certificate as to Cost of Work
(S408)
A certificate purporting to be signed by the Director of
Survey and Mapping and stating the cost of work done in
respect of boundary marks shall be conclusive proof of the
facts stated, and shall be admissible in evidence
accordingly.

23
 Powers of Land Administrator and
Settlement Officer (S409)
A Land Administrator and a Settlement Officer shall have
and may exercise any power on a Survey Officer (not being
a power conferred expressly on the Director of Survey and
Mapping).

24
 Survey by Licensed Land Surveyor
(S409A)
Any survey fees are chargeable, such survey fees shall not
be chargeable by State where the land is to be surveyed by
a licensed land surveyor and a certificate from the Land
Surveyors Board certifying that the survey of the land will
be carried out and is furnished.

25
 Nature of Deposited Plan (S410)
 A plan of land shall be a deposited plan:

• Certified by the Director of Survey and Mapping as a true

and correct plan of the land.

• Identified by a reference number allotted to it by the

Director of Survey and Mapping.

• Dated.

• Deposited in the office of the Director of Survey and

Mapping.
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 Description of Land by Reference to
Deposited Plan (S411)
 Any land is to be identified in a written law or in any
instrument, notice or other document published or made
under, in pursuance or for the purposes of a written law:

• There exists a deposited plan of the land.

• It shall be sufficient if the land is identified in the law,

instrument, notice or document by reference to the plan.

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 Description of Land by Reference to
Deposited Plan (S411)
 Land is identified by reference to a deposited plan, the
Minister may direct that as many copies of the plan as he
thinks appropriate shall be distributed to:

• The Land Office of the district in which the land is

situated.

• The central registry of titles to land in the State.

• Such officers and authorities as may be specified in the

direction.

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 Copies of Deposited Plans (S412)
 Every copy of a deposited plan shall be:

• Produced by photography, photo-lithography or any

mechanical or other process or extracted from the digital
cadastral database which in itself ensures the accuracy of
the copy.

• Made by or on behalf of the Director of Survey and

Mapping in whose office the plan is deposited.

• Certified by him or on his behalf to be a true and correct

copy of the original.
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 Copies of Deposited Plans (S412)
 In legal proceedings, any document purporting to be a
deposited plan or a copy of a deposited plan:

• Shall be presumed until the contrary is proved to be what

it purports to be.

• While it is so presumed, shall be admissible in evidence

without further proof as a true and correct plan of the
land to which it refers.

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Inspection of Plans and Inspection and
Provision of Copies (S413)
 On payment of the prescribed fee (if any) any person
may on any working day and during normal office hours:

• Inspect any deposited plan in the office of the Director of

Survey and Mapping.

• Inspect any copy of a deposited plan distributed in the

office to which it has been distributed.

• Obtain a copy of any deposited plan on application to the

Director of Survey and Mapping.

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 Cara Menjalankan Pengukuran
(Seksyen 396)
 Sempadan ditentukan dengan garis hak

 Diperenggan di atas permukaan tanah

 Keluasan ditentukan

 Nombor lot diberikan

 Pelan diluluskan

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Sebab Pindaan Pelan Ukur
(Seksyen 396A)
 Kesilapan
 Ketinggalan
 Daerah kecil baru
 Mukim baru
 Bandar baru
 Pekan baru
 Berhenti jadi bandar
 Berhenti jadi pekan
 Berhenti jadi mukim

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 Tindakan Pindaan Pelan Oleh
Pengarah Ukur (Seksyen 396A)
 Meminda/suruh pinda/kemaskini
- Daerah
- Derah kecil
- Mukim
- Pekan
- Butiran ukur

 Memberitahu pendaftar
- Catatan dalam daftar
- Menandatangani pendaftaran
- Mereterai catatan

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Kawalan dan Pengawasan Pegawai-
Pegawai (Seksyen 397)
 Perintah Am

 Pekeliling-Pekeliling
- Jabatan
- Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam
- Perbendaharaan
- Keselamatan Dalam Negeri

 Prosedur kerja

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 Kuasa Pengarah Ukur
(Seksyen 398)
 Persediaan atas tanah
 Menanda sempadan tanah
 Meletak tanda sempadan
 Mengubah, membaiki dan mengalih tanda sempadan
 Mengalih/memusnahkan pokok, tanaman, pagar, harta
lain
 Perkara lain yang munasabah berkaitan dengan
pengukuran

41
Kuasa Yang Diberi Dalam
Seksyen 398
 Bagi pihak Pengarah Ukur

 Juruukur Tanah Berlesen

 Pembantu-pembantu

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Melatak Tanda Rujukan (Batu
Sempadan) [Seksyen 398(2)]
 Penubuhan

 Perlindungan

 Penyenggaraan

 Pembaikan

 Perubahan

 Peralihan
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 Kewajipan Menyiapkan Sesuatu
Pengukuran (Seksyen 398A)
 Masa yang ditetapkan

 Mendepositkan dokumen-dokumen ukuran

 Notis Borang 29D

 Tanpa sebab dapatkan kos menyiapkan ukuran

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 Kewajipan Pengarah Ukur
(Seksyen 399)
 Pengiraan ketepatan letakan tanda sempadan

 Menentukan kedudukan geografi

 Menyediaan pelan pengukuran

 Menyimpan dengan selamat rekod pengukuran

45
Siapa Yang Perlu Menunjukkan
Tanda Sempadan (Seksyen 400)
 Memiliki
 Menduduki
 Memohon
 Berkepentingan
 Bersempadan
 Berkaitan
 Bekerja

46
Tujuan Kehadiran (Seksyen 400)
 Menunjukkan

 Bantuan meletak

 Bantuan membaiki

 Penerangan

 Bantuan lain

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 Prosidur Yang Dilakukan
(Seksyen 400)
 Borang 29A
- Mana-mana orang yang berkaitan

 Borang 29B
- Mana-mana orang
i) Boleh memberi penerangan
ii) Dokumen dalam jagaan

 Gagal denda < RM100

48
 Ukur Tanpa Kebenaran
(Seksyen 400A)
 Bukan Pegawai Ukur

 Bukan Juruukur Tanah Berlesen

 Freelancer?

 Denda
- < RM 10,000
- Penjara < 1 tahun
- Kedua-dua
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Notis Untuk Membersih Sempadan
(Seksyen 401)
 Notis atau Borang 29C
- Tuan punya
- Penduduk
- Pemohon
 Membersih garis sempadan
 Memotong halangan dalam pengukuran
 Jika gagal
- Pegawai ukur jalankan
- Kos bayara kepada Pihak Berkuasa Negeri

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 Mendapatkan Kembali Kos Tanda
Sempadan (Seksyen 402)
 Kos meletak tanda sempadan
- Dibayar oleh tuan punya tanah
- Jika tak bayar, sebagai hutang kepada Pihak Berkuasa
Negeri

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Gangguan Tanda-Tanda Rujukan
Ukur (Seksyen 403)
 Memusnahkan
 Merosak
 Memcacat
 Mengalih
 Mengganggu
 Mencabut
 Mencuri

52
 Penalti Gangguan Tanda Rujukan
Ukur (Seksyen 403)
 Denda < RM 500

 3 kali ganda kos

- Membaiki/meletak semula tanda sempadan dan
rujukan ukur
- Tukar kepada denga jika sabit kesalahan tanda
sempadan

53
 Pengalihan/Pengubahan Tanda-
Tanda Sempadan (Seksyen 404)
 Pengubahan/Pengalihan
- Sementara
- Kelal
- Permohinan bertulis kepada Pentadbir Tanah
 Sebab-sebab
 Kelulusan Pentadbir Tanah
- Beritahu Pengarah Ukur
- Pengarah Ukur arahkan alih/ubah ikut permintaab
 Kos dibayar pemohon
 Tak bayar sebagai hutang kepada Pihak Berkuasa Neferi
 Kemaraan laut/sungai (Seksyen 49) bukan tanggungan
pemohon. 54
 Pengantian Tanda Sempadan Yang
Rosak [Seksyen 405(1)]
 Tanda sempadan (Ubah, Alih, Cacat, Hapus, Cedera,
Hilang, Musnah, Rosak dan Tak boleh diguna)

 Lapor kepada Pentadbir Tanah

- Pegawai ukur
- Pegawai penempatan
- Penghulu

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 Tindakan Pentadbir Tanah
[Seksyen 405(2)]
 Memberitahu Pengarah Ukur

 Pengarah Ukur mengarahkan supaya tanda sempadan

diganti/dibaiki

 Kos mengganti/membaiki ditanggung oleh tuan punya

tanah

 Hutang kepada Pihak Berkuasa Negeri jika tidak bayar

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 Pampasan Untuk Kerosakan
Semasa Pengukuran Dijalankan
(Seksyen 406)
 Pegawai Ukur
- Mentaksir nilai harta yang dimusnah
- Membayar/menawar kepada pemilik harta

 Pentadbir Tanah
- Pertikaian antara pemilik
- Harta/pegawai ukur
- Keputusan mektamad
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 Kesilapan Dalam Pengukuran
(Seksyen 407)
 Persekutuan / Pihak Berkuasa Negeri dengan tuan punya
tanah tiada tuntutan / gauman akibat kelebihan /
kekurangan:
- Keluasan
- Ukuran mana-mana lot
- Petak bangunan pecah sempadan
- Pengukuran sebelumnya

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 Sijil Pengarah Ukur Mengenai Kos
Pekerjaan (Seksyen 408)
 Kos kerja mengenai tanda-tanda sempadan

 Bukti muktamad mengenai fakta-fakta yang dinyatakan

 Boleh diterima pakai

59
 Kuasa Pentadbir Tanah Dan
Pegawai Penempatan
(Seksyen 409)
 Mempunyai kuasa kepada pegawai ukur

 Menjalankan apa-apa kuasa kepada pengawai ukur

 Satu kuasa yang tidak diberi dengan nyata kepada

Pengarah Ukur

 Mengikut Kanun Tanah Negara 1965, Bab 29

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 Kerja-Kerja Ukur Oleh Juruukur
Tanah Berlesen [Seksyen 409(A)]
 Fi-fi ukur tidak dikenakan oleh kerajaan

 Sijil dari Lembaga Jurukur Tanah perlu dikemukakan

 Tuan punya tanah telah bayar kepada Juruukur Tanah

Berlesen

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 Bentuk Pelan Yang Dideposit
(Seksyen 410)
 Kelulusan Pengarah Ukur

 Nombor Pelan Akui

 Tarikh

 Simpan di Pejabat Pengarah Ukur

62
Rujukan Tanah Pada Pelan Akui
[Seksyen 411(1)]
 Undang-undang bertulis

 Instrumen

 Notis

 Dokumen

63
Salinan Pelan Akui Sebagai Rujukan
[Seksyen 411(2)]
 Pejabat Tanah Daerah

 Pejabat Pendaftar

 Pegawai/pihak berkuasa yang ditetapkan

64
Salinan Pelan Akui [Seksyen 412(1)]
 Bentuk salinan
- Fotografi
- Foto-litografi
- Proses mekanis

 Ketetapatan salinan

 Dibuat/bagi pihak Pengarah Ukur

 Diperakui salinan sah/betul

65
 Salinan Pelan Di Sisi Undang-
Undang [Seksyen 412(2)]
 Salinan yang betul

 Boleh diterima dalam keterangan

 Tanpa bukti lanjut

 Sah dan betul bagi tanah ia dirujuk

66
 Pemeriksaan Pelan-Pelan Yang
Dideposit (Seksyen 413)
 Bayaran dikenakan

 Hari bekerja/waktu pejabat

 Memeriksa pelan yang dideposit

 Memeriksa salinan pelan yang dideposit

 Mendapatkan salinan pelan yang dideposit

- Permohonan kepada Pengarah Ukur
67
PROFESSIONAL ETHIC

68
 Code of Professional Conduct
(1) Every licensed land surveyor shall:

(a) Comply with the provisions of the National Land Code 1965 ,
the Act, any rules and regulations made there under and any
other written laws in force related to his professional duties;

(b) Order his conduct so as to uphold the dignity, standing and

reputation of the profession;

(c) Not canvass or solicit professional employment or offer to

make by commission or otherwise payment for the introduction
of such employment;

(d) Not be convicted of an offence which makes him unfit to be a

69
member of his profession;
 Code of Professional Conduct
(e) not be dishonest or fraudulent in discharging of his
professional duties;

(f) not be adjudicated a bankrupt under the Bankruptcy Act

1967 [Act 360];

(g) not be charging in respect of professional services

rendered to his client, of fees or costs not in accordance
with the Schedule in these Regulations except where the
client agreed in writing that the amount to be charged is
more than the amount prescribed in the Thirteenth
Schedule;
70
 Code of Professional Conduct
(h) not certify, affix or put his signature to drawings or plans
which are not prepared by him or under his supervision for
the purpose of obtaining approval from any authority;

(i) only advertise his professional services by public means

or any other media in accordance with the guidelines or
circulars issued by the Board;

(j) not practice another profession under any relevant

written laws relating to that profession;

71
 Code of Professional Conduct
(k) not, directly or indirectly, attempt to supplant or
intervene in or in connection with a survey by another
licensed land surveyor or take over the work of that other
licensed land surveyor until consent has been obtained
from that licensed land surveyor;

(l) not assume or consciously accept a position in which his

interest is in conflict with his professional duty;

(m) not injure or attempt to injure, whether directly or

indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects or practice
of another licensed land surveyor; or
72
 Code of Professional Conduct
(n) not be involved in any other trade or business that will
bring the profession into disrepute.

(2) Every licensed land surveyor shall promptly comply with

any request or query made by the Board in respect of his
professional conduct.

73
 Tatalaku Profesional
29. (1) Tiap-tiap juruukur tanah berlesen hendaklah:

(a) mematuhi peruntukan Kanun Tanah Negara 1965, Akta,

mana-mana kaedah-kaedah dan peraturan-peraturan yang
dibuat di bawahnya dan mana-mana undang-undang lain yang
berkuat kuasa berhubung dengan kewajipan profesionalnya;

(b) mengawal kelakuannya supaya dapat menjaga maruah,

kedudukan dan reputasi profesion;

(c) tidak merayu atau menolong mendapatkan pekerjaan

profesional atau menawarkan untuk mendapatkan melalui
komisyen atau juga bayaran bagi memperkenalkan pekerjaan itu;
74
 Tatalaku Profesional
(d) tidak disabitkan atas kesalahan yang membuatnya tidak layak
menjadi anggota bagi profesionnya;

(e) jujur atau tidak menipu dalam menjalankan kewajipan

profesionalnya;

(f) bukan seorang yang bankrap di bawah Akta Kebankrapan

1967 [Akta 360];

(g) tidak mengenakan fi atau kos yang tidak mengikut Jadual

dalam Peraturan-Peraturan ini berkenaan dengan perkhidmatan
profesional yang diberikan kepada kliennya kecuali jika klien itu
bersetuju secara bertulis amaun yang dikenakan melebihi amaun
yang ditetapkan dalam Jadual Ketiga belas; 75
 Tatalaku Profesional
(h) tidak memperakukan, mengecapkan atau menandatangani
lukisan atau pelan yang tidak disediakannya atau di bawah
seliaannya bagi maksud memperoleh kelulusan daripada mana-
mana pihak berkuasa;

(i) hanya mengiklankan perkhidmatan profesionalnya dengan

kaedah awam atau mana-mana media lain mengikut garis
panduan atau pekeliling yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga;

(j) tidak mengamalkan profesion lain di bawah mana-mana

undang-undang bertulis yang berkaitan yang berhubungan
dengan profesion itu;

76
 Tatalaku Profesional
(k) tidak, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, cuba untuk
mengambil tempat atau campur tangan dalam atau yang
berkaitan dengan ukur oleh juruukur tanah berlesen yang lain itu
atau mengambil alih kerja juruukur tanah berlesen yang lain
sehingga keizinan telah diperoleh daripada juruukur tanah
berlesen itu.

(l) tidak menjawat atau secara sedar menerima suatu kedudukan

yang kepentingannya bercanggah dengan tugas profesionalnya;

(m) tidak merosakkan atau cuba untuk merosakkan, sama ada

secara langsung atau tidak langsung, reputasi profesional,
peluang atau amalan juruukur tanah berlesen lain; atau
77
 Tatalaku Profesional
(n) tidak terlibat dengan mana-mana perdagangan atau
perniagaan lain yang boleh menjejaskan nama baik
profesion.

(2) Tiap-tiap juruukur tanah berlesen hendaklah dengan

segera mematuhi mana-mana permintaan atau pertanyaan
yang dibuat oleh Lembaga berkenaan dengan amalan
profesionnya di bawah subperaturan (1).

78
 Articled Pupil
 To qualify as an Article Pupil, one must:

• Apply to the Secretary of the Board to be an articled pupil for

the minimum period of two years using form LJT6 and Articles
(Sixth Schedule). Application must be done by a licensed land
surveyor.
• Graduate with educational qualifications recognised by the
Board.
• Submit form with:-
– Educational certificate
– Birth certificate
– Proof of citizenship (MyKad)
– Fee of RM100 79
 Articled Pupil
 Period and Condition of Articles

• An Articles shall be for a period of two years and shall be

drawn up in the form as prescribed in the Sixth Schedule.
• Before a person enter into an Articles, he shall produce
evidence that he has obtained a qualification recognized
by the Board.
• No licensed land surveyor shall take any articled person
under an Articles unless he has been registered for more
than five years with the Board.

80
 How to Become Articled Pupil
 They will be undergoing an articleship for the minimum 2
years with both office data processing and field work. They
must apply for articleship under Licensed Land Surveyor
whom with minimum 5 years working experience. They
must sit for the exams which include:

Part I: Cadastral Practice

This includes all law and regulations related to land title.

81
 How to Become Articled Pupil
Part II: Practical work report

 The articled pupil must prepare the report for the work
they done in field and office which includes:

• Title Survey for land partition with area more than 2.5ha
for mixed development OR land alienation of 50 lots plus
the refixation, Solar Observation except for eKadaster
and Road reserve marking for the subdivision work.

• Title Survey for agriculture land with minimum 3 lots

with area more than 7ha including the refixation, sharing
boundaries of 2 lots and azimuth by Solar Observation. 82
 How to Become Articled Pupil
Part II: Practical work report

 Large scale topographic mapping with contour height, detail

surveying and plan showing the contour, etc.

 Engineering survey project with horizontal and vertical datum,

easement, road centre line alignment, topographic and longitudinal
and cross sectional.

 Photogrammetric mapping project OR hydrographic OR bathymetric

survey with minimum 25ha at the seashore with middle scale, tide
gauge, coordinate and control point, etc.

 Subdivision layout with road access and the lot arrangement

following the department of town and regional specification. 83
 How to Become Articled Pupil
Part III: Practical and oral test

 After the report submitted, the applicant needs to undergo the

practical test which includes all title survey and levelling as well as
produce a certified plan.

 The oral test or Viva with the panels will determine whether the
applicant qualified to be Licensed Land Surveyor or not. The test
include the surveyor working etiquette, code or professional conduct
and related topics, new technologies and equipment in survey, any
other land survey related topic.

 Once all three stages finished, the applicant must apply for
cancellation of articleship and apply for registration as Licensed Land
Surveyor. 84
 Pengemukaan Projek Ukur
Hakmilik
1. Suatu ukur hakmilik yang melibatkan pecah sempadan
atau beri milikan lot untuk bangunan (kediaman, komersial
atau industri atau kombinasi ketiga-tiganya) dan ukuran itu
hendaklah:

(i) mengandungi tidak kurang daripada lima puluh lot

yang sempurna. Pecah sempadan atau berimilikan
sebahagian lot atau kombinasi lebih daripada satu lot
boleh diterima;
(ii) termasuk tanam pastian atau penggantian tanda
sempadan;
(iii) termasuk penentuan azimut dengan cerapan
matahari. 85
 Pengemukaan Projek Ukur
Hakmilik
2. Suatu ukur hakmilik yang melibatkan pecah sempadan
lot untuk bangunan (kediaman, komersial atau industri
atau kombinasi ketiga-tiganya) dan ukuran itu
hendaklah:

(i) mempunyai keluasan tidak kurang daripada 2.5

hektar yang bertujuan untuk pembangunan bercampur;
(ii) termasuk tanam pastian atau penggantian tanda
sempadan;
(iii) termasuk ukuran untuk rizab jalan; dan
(iv) termasuk penentuan azimut dengan cerapan
matahari.
86
 Pengemukaan Projek Ukur
Hakmilik
3. Suatu ukur hakmilik untuk tanah pertanian merangkumi
tiga atau lebih lot berdampingan di mana keluasan
cantuman tidak kurang daripada tujuh hektar dan ukuran
itu hendaklah:

(i) termasuk dua daripada sempadannya yang bertindih

dengan dan diletakkan semua berdasarkan ukuran yang
diluluskan terdahulu;
(ii) termasuk tanam pastian atau penggantian tanda
sempadan; dan
(iii) termasuk penentuan azimut dengan cerapan
matahari.
87
 Pengemukaan Projek Ukur
Pemetaan Topografi
4. Pemetaan topografi skala besar suatu kawasan
berkeluasan tidak kurang daripada sepuluh hektar. Ukuran
itu hendaklah termasuk:

(a) ukuran kawalan mendatar dengan kaedah trabas

yang mengikut piawai ukur kadaster;
(b) penentuan azimut dengan cerapan matahari;
(c) ukuran kawalan tegak dengan kaedah ukur aras;
(d) ukuran butiran semula jadi dan butiran buatan
manusia; dan
(e) ukuran ketinggian titik dan melukis garisan kontur,
sela kontur tidak kurang daripada dua meter.
88
 Pengemukaan Projek Ukur
Kejuruteraan
5. Pengukuran suatu cadangan jalan jarak tidak kurang dari
satu kilometer. Pengukuran itu hendaklah termasuk:

(a) terbitan datum dari tanda sempadan;

(b) ukur kawalan mendatar mengikut piawai ukur
kadaster;
(c) ukur kawalan tegak dengan kaedah ukur aras;
(d) pemancangan hak laluan;
(e) menandakan garis tengah laluan;
(f) ukur topografi jalur dan ukur butiran jalur; dan
(g) profil longitud dan keratan rentas.

89
 Pengemukaan Projek Pemetaan
Fotogrametri Atau Projek Ukur
Hidrografi
6. Pemetaan fotogrametri skala besar (skala 1: 10,000 atau skala
lebih besar) suatu kawasan diliputi tidak kurang daripada dua
model fotogrametri. Projek itu hendaklah termasuk:

(a) pengukuran kawalan bumi;

(b) perwakilan paramuka dengan garis kontur sela lima
meter dan ketinggian titik-titik;
(c) pengumpulan ciri-ciri topografi yang relevan; dan
(d) gambaran mutakhir plot fotogrametri mengikut
sehampirnya spesifikasi peta Siri Pemetaan Bandar Jabatan
Ukur Malaysia.
90
 Pengemukaan Projek Pemetaan
Fotogrametri Atau Projek Ukur
Hidrografi
7. Ukur batimetri skala sederhana (skala 1 : 5,000 atau skala
lebih besar) tidak kurang daripada dua puluh lima hektar suatu
kawasan pinggir pantai di mana garis ukur batimetri yang
dijarakkan pada jarak tidak lebih daripada satu sentimeter skala
plot. Ukuran itu hendaklah termasuk:
(a) pengukuran kawalan pesisir;
(b) penetapan pancang pasang surut dan cerapan pasang
surut; dan
(c) pandu arah luar pesisir dan penentududukan
menggunakan sama ada jarak-bearing atau jarak-jarak
sistem penentududukan elektronik atau pembezaan masa
hakiki Global Positioning System (GPS). 91
 Pengemukaan Projek Reka Bentuk
Susun Atur Pecah Sempadan
8. Suatu skim untuk apa-apa jenis pembangunan
mempunyai keluasan lebih kurang empat hektar yang
menunjukkan jalan keluar masuk, susun atur lot-lot iaitu
termasuk tanah lapang dan kemudahan asas bersesuaian
dengan pembangunan berkenaan dan mengikut keperluan
perancangan semasa untuk pembangunan sedemikian.

92
AMALAN KERJALUAR

93
 Datum Ukuran
Ia adalah satu keperluan utama bagi setiap ukuran baru untuk
membolehkan penentuan asas planimetri ukuran dan nilai koordinat.
Setiap ukuran kadaster hendaklah berasaskan kepada datum yang
memuaskan yang terdiri daripada:

i. tanda-tanda Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM) yang ditentududukan

seperti berikut:
(a) sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM yang berjarak tidak kurang
daripada 30 meter dibuat cerapan serentak dengan kaedah MyRTKnet
bagi tanda pertama dan kaedah statik bagi tanda kedua; atau
(b) sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM yang berjarak tidak kurang
daripada 30 meter dibuat cerapan serentak dengan kaedah statik bagi
kedua-dua tanda. Penentuan koordinat tanda CRM pertama boleh
melalui pasca pemprosesan Virtual Reference Station (VRS) atau
seperti yang dinyatakan di Pekeliling KPUP Bil. 6 Tahun 1999; 94
 DATUM 1

DUA ALAT GNSS

GNSS 2
(Statik)

CRM 2 GNSS 1
(MyRTKnet)

CRM 1
(a) Sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 30 meter
dibuat cerapan serentak dengan kaedah MyRTKnet bagi tanda pertama dan kaedah
statik bagi tanda kedua; atau 95
DATUM 2

GNSS 2
(Statik) DUA ALAT GNSS

CRM 2

GNSS 1
(Statik)
CRM 1

(b) Sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 30 meter
dibuat cerapan serentak dengan kaedah statik bagi kedua-dua tanda: atau

96
 Datum Ukuran
(c) sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda Cadastral Reference Mark
baru yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 30 meter dibuat
cerapan dengan kaedah MyRTKnet bagi kedua- dua tanda dalam
satu initialisasi. Proses yang sama perlu diulang dalam initialisasi
kedua; atau
(d) sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda Cadastral Reference Mark
yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 75 meter dibuat cerapan
dengan kaedah MyRTKnet masa hakiki bagi kedua-dua tanda
dalam dua initialisasi; atau
(e) sekiranya dua tanda Cadastral Reference Mark lama
digunakan maka tanda-tanda tersebut hendaklah dibuktikan
kedudukannya dengan tanda ketiga dengan ukuran sudut dan
jarak sama ada dari Cadastral Reference Mark lama atau NDCDB
berhampiran; atau 97
DATUM 3
SATU ALAT GNSS
GNSS 1
(MyRTKnet)

CRM 2 GNSS 1
(MyRTKnet)
initialisasi 1

CRM 1

initialisasi 1

(c) Sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM baru yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 30
meter dibuat cerapan dengan kaedah MyRTKnet bagi kedua-dua tanda dalam satu
initialisasi. Proses yang sama perlu diulang dalam initialisasi kedua; atau

98
DATUM 4
GNSS 1 SATU ALAT GNSS
(MyRTKnet)
Initialisasi
kedua (2 epok)
GNSS 1
(MyRTKnet)
CRM 2

Initialisasi
pertama (2 epok)
CRM 1

(d) Sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 75 meter
dibuat cerapan dengan kaedah MyRTKnet masa hakiki atau statik bagi kedua-dua tanda
dalam dua initialisasi; atau

99
DATUM 5

CRM 2

CRM 1

(e) Sekiranya dua tanda CRM lama digunakan maka tanda-tanda tersebut hendaklah
dibuktikan kedudukannya dengan tanda ketiga dengan ukuran sudut dan jarak sama
ada dari CRM lama atau NDCDB berhampiran; atau

100
 Datum Ukuran
(f) dua tanda ukuran dari NDCDB yang berjarak tidak kurang
daripada 40 meter yang mana kedudukan asal tanda-tanda
tersebut telah dibuktikan dengan ukuran terus atau terabas dan
hitungan, beserta dengan cerapan astronomi untuk azimut atau
cerapan MyRTKnet (cerapan MyRTKnet hanya untuk
membuktikan tanda sempadan berada dalam kedudukan asal
seperti yang ditetapkan di para 4.15 tetapi nilai bearing dan jarak
yang terhasil tidak digunapakai); atau

(g) dua tanda ukuran bersebelahan dari NDCDB yang diperakui

kedudukannya dan dibuktikan dengan tanda ketiga dengan
ukuran sudut dan jarak atau dengan terabas dan berada dalam
kedudukan asal.
101
DATUM 6

NDCDB
NDCDB

(f) Dua tanda ukuran dari NDCDB yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 40 meter yang
mana kedudukan asal tanda-tanda tersebut telah dibuktikan dengan ukuran terus
atau terabas dan hitungan, beserta dengan cerapan astronomi untuk azimut atau
cerapan MyRTKnet; atau
102
 DATUM 7

NDCDB

sudut

NDCDB
NDCDB
(g) Dua tanda ukuran bersebelahan dari NDCDB yang diperakui kedudukannya dan
dibuktikan dengan tanda ketiga dengan ukuran sudut dan jarak atau dengan
terabas dan berada dalam kedudukan asal.
103
 Peralatan GNSS
Peralatan GNSS lazimnya mempunyai lima (5)
komponen utama iaitu alat penerima, antena, unit
kawalan dan storan, system komunikasi serta perisian
pemprosesan. Keperluan seperti yang disenaraikan di
bawah perlulah dipenuhi bagi melayakkan peralatan
tersebut digunakan dalam kerja-kerja ukur kadaster.

104
Keperluan Alat Penerima GNSS dan
Sela Cerapan
Alat penerima GNSS yang akan digunakan untuk tujuan
kerja-kerja ukur kadaster hendaklah mempunyai
kemampuan menjalankan pencerapan fasa bagi
sekurang-kurangnya dua (2) gelombang pembawa
daripada L1, L2, L2C atau L5. Hanya alat yang menerima
sekurang-kurangnya dwi gelombang boleh digunakan
dalam kerja-kerja pengukuran ini.

105
Keperluan Alat Penerima GNSS dan
Sela Cerapan
Alat penerima mestilah mampu merekodkan fasa isyarat satelit,
tag masa (merujuk kepada perakam waktu di alat penerima).
Bagi kerja-kerja masa-hakiki (real-time), alat penerima mestilah
mampu merekodkan data-data cerapan asal (raw data) di
samping data-data cerapan masa-hakiki.

Alat penerima mestilah mampu untuk menjejak sekurang-

kurangnya enam (6) satelit GNSS secara serentak. Adalah
digalakkan supaya alat penerima GNSS menjejak semua satelit
yang berada di atas ufuk semasa pencerapan dilakukan.

106
Keperluan Alat Penerima GNSS dan
Sela Cerapan
Sela cerapan alat GNSS bagi masa-hakiki perlu diset pada satu (1)
saat dan pada masa yang sama data mentah perlu disimpan di
dalam alat GNSS atau di dalam unit kawalan.

Cerapan masa-hakiki hendaklah direkodkan pada setiap lima (5)

saat dan dibaca sebanyak sepuluh (10) kali bagi melengkapkan
satu (1) epok cerapan.

107
Keperluan Alat Penerima GNSS dan
Sela Cerapan
Sela cerapan statik bagi tujuan pasca pemprosesanhendaklah
ditetapkan pada sela lima (5) saat dan dicerap selama sepuluh
(10) minit bagi melengkapkan satu (1) epok cerapan pasca
pemprosesan.

Pengukuran hendaklah dilakukan dengan mencerap dua (2) epok

bagi setiap stesen dan setiap epok melalui proses initialisasi yang
berasingan.

108
 Datum Geosentrik Malaysia
(GDM2000)
GDM2000 bermakna datum di mana sistem koordinatnya
adalah berasaskan International Terrestrial Reference Frame
2000. Origin bagi sistem koordinat GDM2000 adalah di
pusat jisim bumi atau dengan terma lain sebagai geosentrik
dan berdasarkan kepada epok terkini.

109
 Sistem Unjuran Koordinat
Semua pengukuran di Semenanjung Malaysia mestilah
menggunakan Sistem Koordinat Cassini Geosentrik
manakala Sistem RSO Geosentrik digunakan bagi Wilayah
Persekutuan Labuan.

110
 Syarat-syarat Datum
Jarak garisan yang akan dijadikan sebagai datum hendaklah
melebihi 30 meter dan memenuhi had anjakan yang
dibenarkan seperti dinyatakan pada Peraturan 39(2), PUK
2009, manakala sudut dalaman di antara dua garisan yang
diperolehi hendaklah tidak melebihi 10”.

111
 Kaedah Pengukuran
Ukuran kadaster boleh dilaksana dengan menggunakan
kaedah-kaedah GNSS, terabas, radiasi, persilangan dan
silangalikan.

Kaedah GNSS
i. Kaedah cerapan GNSS boleh digunakan untuk pengukuran
kawalan ukur kadaster dan ukuran hakmilik tanah.

ii. Pengukuran menggunakan GNSS hendaklah dibuat

mengikut kaedah dan prosedur pengukuran menggunakan
GNSS yang ditetapkan oleh Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan
Malaysia.
112
 Lot yang
diukur

1. Kaedah GNSS

Tanda CRM
BKL

113
 Kaedah Pengukuran
Kaedah Terabas (bearing dan jarak)

Kaedah terabas dengan mencerap bearing dan jarak bagi kedua-

dua penyilang kiri dan kanan.

i. Bagi kawasan bandar, terabas hendaklah ditutup kepada stesen

CRM berdekatan atau tanda-tanda lama yang disahkan di dalam
kedudukan asal bagi setiap 25 stesen terabas atau 1km, yang
mana lebih dahulu dicapai.

ii. Bagi kawasan luar bandar, terabas hendaklah ditutup kepada

stesen CRM berdekatan atau tanda-tanda lama yang disahkan di
dalam kedudukan asal bagi setiap stesen terabas atau 2.5km,
yang mana lebih dahulu dicapai. 114
 Kaedah Pengukuran
Radiasi

i. Kutipan data menggunakan kaedah ini perlulah menghadkan

cerapan jarak tidak melebihi 300 meter berdasarkan single-leg
sahaja.
ii. Sekiranya cerapan dibuat melebihi daripada single-leg atau
melebihi jarak 300 meter, cerapan perlu ditutup kepada stesen
Cadastral Reference Mark berdekatan atau tanda-tanda lama
yang disahkan di dalam kedudukan asal tidak melebihi 25 stesen
atau kawalan bearing dilakukan dengan cerapan astronomi.
iii. Cerapan bearing dan jarak hendaklah menggunakan kedua-
dua penyilang dan direkod sebagai dua cerapan berasingan.
iv. Carapan radiasi boleh dilakukan daripada stesen Cadastral
Reference Mark. 115
 Nota :
Kaedah radiasi dari stesen 4, 6 dan 8 dibenarkan
8 dengan syarat trabas ditutup ke stesen 10
9
12

7 6 10 15

5 13
11
3
4

2
1
(CRM) 14
TRABAS TERTUTUP (CRM)

116
 CRM/CCI/NDCDB
Nota :
Kaedah radiasi dari stesen 4 dan 6 dibenarkan dengan 10 11
syarat trabas ditutup ke stesen 11 ( CRM / CCI / NDCDB )

9
7

5
6
3
4

1 (CRM) 2 (CRM)

TRABAS TERBUKA

117
 Kaedah Pengukuran
Persilangan

Cerapan bearing dan jarak hendaklah dibuat dari dua stesen

terabas yang berlainan dengan satu penyilang sahaja.

CRM/BKL Bearing dan Jarak diketahui CRM/BKL

Bearing atau Bearing atau

jarak jarak

Stesen yang diketahui

Titik yang ingin diketahui
118
 Kaedah Pengukuran
Silangalikan

Cerapan bearing dan jarak hendaklah dibuat kepada tiga titik

kawalan yang berlainan dengan satu penyilang sahaja.

Stesen

BKL

BKL

BKL

Lot 789 Lot 123 Lot 456

119
BOUNDARY

120
 Kenalpasti Keadaan Tanda
Sempadan
 Tanda sempadan yang dijumpai berkeadaan tegak tetapi
terlalu tinggi dari permukaan bumi boleh dianggap
berkedudukan betul, kecuali dapat dibuktikan dengan cara
lain boleh digunakan sebagai datum dan pengukur perlu
menurunkan tanda tersebut tanpa dianjakkan dari
pangkalnya.

 Tanda sempadan yang dijumpai condong dari tapaknya

boleh dianggap kedudukannya betul kecuali dapat
dibuktikan dengan cara lain, boleh digunakan sebagai
datum dan pengukur hendaklah terlebih dahulu
menegakkan tanda sempadan tersebut sebelum ianya
digunakan.
121
 Types of Boundary
 The need to indicate boundaries on the ground came
long before the practice of title registration, survey,
mapping, or conveyancing.

 A boundary is a surface which defines where one

landowner’s property ends and the next begins.

 The legal boundary is an infinitesimally thin surface

extending from the centre of the earth to the infinite in the
sky and is essentially an abstract concept.

 Exceptions lie in three-dimensional property rights or

strata titles where the boundary may be horizontal as well.122
 Types of Boundary
 There are three categories of fixed/specific boundaries:

(i) Defined on the ground prior to development and

identified.
(ii) Identified after development.
(iii) Defined by surveys to specified standards.

 A fixed boundary is one that has been accurately

surveyed so that any lost corner monument can be replaced
precisely from the measurements.

123
 Types of Boundary
 There are also three categories of general boundaries:

(i) The situation where the ownership of the boundary

feature is not established, so that the boundary may be
one side of a hedge or the other or down the middle.
(ii) The indeterminate edge of a natural features.
(iii) The situation where the boundary is regarded as
approximate so that the register may be kept free from
boundary disputes.

124
 Types of Boundary
The third type of general boundary is suitable in the
determination of actual forest or watershed boundaries, or
even lot parcels in some countries using aerial photographs
or space satellite techniques to define an accurate
boundary line that it can be mapped in the register or
document of title.

125
 Types of Boundary
 The actual physical location of a boundary line is normally
demarcated by:

(i) Point features such as pegs the straight line between which
marks the divide between two properties.
(ii) Linear features such as walls, hedges and fences.

 Such an approach works equally well with three-dimensional

properties such as apartments since their construction defines
their effective limits. In the case of strata titles, the ownership of
parts of buildings can be defined and guaranteed with
determination of where, within the walls and floors, one set of
property rights changes into another.
126
 Types of Boundary
 Advantage of fixed boundaries:

• Landowners can have confidence in where their property

limits lie since these are formally recognized within the
system.

 Disadvantages of general boundaries:

• The precise line of the legal boundary between adjoining

parcels is left undetermined.
• The ownership of the land can be guaranteed up to the
bounding feature, the ownership of which is left uncertain.
127
 Types of Boundary
Information about the location of parcels and their
boundaries is an important part of a land information
system, the only differences being the precision with which
the location of boundaries is recorded and the extent to
which this information can be used as legal evidence.

128
 Boundary Marks
 Section 5 National Land Code 1965:

• Boundary mark includes any survey stone, iron pipe or

spike, wooden peg or post, concrete post or pillar or
other mark used for the purpose of marking boundaries.

129
 Boundary Marks
 Section 114 National Land Code 1965 (Implied conditions
affecting all alienated land):

• The proprietor will, take all reasonable steps to prevent their

damage, destruction or unlawful removal.
• The proprietor will if any of them are damaged, destroyed or
unlawfully removed, give immediate notice of the fact to the
Land Administrator, or to the penghulu having jurisdiction in the
area in which the land is situated.
• The proprietor will, if so required by the Land Administrator, pay
the cost of repairing or, as the case may be, replacing any of
them which may have been damaged, destroyed or unlawfully
removed.
• The proprietor will, if so required by the Land Administrator, at
his own expense clear any boundary line between any of them.130
131
 Jenis Tanda Sempadan Untuk
Penandaan
Tanda-tanda sempadan yang dibenarkan adalah:

(a) batu konkrit, tiang konkrit, batu granit dan paip besi
mengikut saiz yang ditetapkan oleh Jabatan;

(b) paku dan pepaku besi dalam konkrit;

(c) tanda atas batu iaitu tanda lubang dengan satu anak
panah dipahat menunjuk ke arah lubang tersebut; dan

(d) sebarang tanda lain yang dibenarkan oleh Jabatan,

melalui ketetapan yang dikeluarkan dari semasa ke semasa.
132
 Jenis Tanda Sempadan Untuk
Penandaan
Batu Konkrit

• Batu konkrit bertetulang yang panjangnya tidak kurang

600 milimeter (mm) dengan garispusat tidak kurang 75
mm yang mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen. Bagi
batu konkrit yang ditanam oleh JUPEM, satu pengenalan
bertulis “JUP” dicetak di bahagian atas permukaannya.
Manakala bagi batu bernombor, nombor siri berkenaan
dicetak menggantikan tulisan “JUP” tersebut. Saiz
cetakan nombor siri mestilah mengikut saiz yang
ditetapkan.

133
 Jenis Tanda Sempadan Untuk
Penandaan
Batu Konkrit

• Bagi batu konkrit yang ditanam oleh JTB, permukaan

atasnya tiada mempunyai apa-apa pengenalan, manakala
batu konkrit bernombor hendaklah dibeli daripada
JUPEM Negeri yang berkenaan. Sekiranya JTB bercadang
untuk mencetak sendiri batu bernombor tersebut maka
nombor sirinya hendaklah terlebih dahulu dipohon
daripada JUPEM Negeri yang berkenaan. Harga bagi
setiap batu bernombor yang dibeli oleh JTB dari JUPEM
Negeri adalah RM 5.00.

134
Batu Konkrit

135
 Jenis Tanda Sempadan Untuk
Penandaan
Tiang Konkrit

• Tiang konkrit bertetulang yang panjangnya 1200 mm

hingga 1800 mm berbentuk silinder dengan garispusat
tidak kurang 70 mm dan mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi
titik stesen.

Batu Granit

• Batu granit berbentuk empat segi dengan ukuran 80 mm

lebar, 120 mm panjang dan 600 mm tinggi yang
mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen.
136
Tiang Konkrit

137
 Jenis Tanda Sempadan Untuk
Penandaan
Paip Besi
• Paip besi yang panjangnya tidak kurang 900 mm dengan
bergarispusat di antara 25 mm hingga 50 mm dan sebaik-
baiknya disalut tar atau disadur dengan logam supaya tahan
karat dan lubang paip di bahagian atas mestilah ditutup
sebaik-baiknya dengan konkrit yang mempunyai tanda bagi
titik stesen.

Paku
• Paku (nail) yang panjangnya tidak kurang 55 mm dengan
bergaris pusat 8 mm. Kepala paku hendaklah bergaris pusat
15 mm dan mempunyai penutup bergarispusat 46 mm serta
mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen.
138
 Paku

Paip Besi

139
 Jenis Tanda Sempadan Untuk
Penandaan
Pepaku Besi

• Pepaku besi (iron spike) yang panjangnya tidak kurang

100 mm dengan bergaris pusat 12 mm. Kepala pepaku
hendaklah bergarispusat 25 mm dan mempunyai tanda
bagi titik stesen.

Tanda Atas Batu (mark on rock)

• Ditandakan di atas permukaan batu dengan cara

menebuk lubang sebagai tanda titik stesen dan satu
penunjuk anak panah dipahat menghala ke lubang
tersebut. 140
Pepaku Besi

Tanda Atas Batu

141
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Area

146
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PARTY WALL

151
Party Wall

152
Party Wall

153
Party Wall

154
T H AN K YO U

155