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Lab 2 Water Budget Equation

The document discusses the water balance approach and law of conservation of mass. It provides examples of calculating evapotranspiration and evaporation using the water budget method for given conditions of basin area, precipitation, streamflow, and change in storage over time periods.

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ELSA M. ARCIBAL
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1K views8 pages

Lab 2 Water Budget Equation

The document discusses the water balance approach and law of conservation of mass. It provides examples of calculating evapotranspiration and evaporation using the water budget method for given conditions of basin area, precipitation, streamflow, and change in storage over time periods.

Uploaded by

ELSA M. ARCIBAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water Balance

Water Balance Approach


• Law of conservation of mass

INFLOW OUTFLOW
Control Volume

Water flowing
If
IN > OUT, ∆𝑆 >0
IN - OUT = Change in Storage = ∆𝑆 IN < OUT, ∆𝑆 <0
IN = OUT, ∆𝑆 = 0
Over ∆𝑡 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑)
Apply in a hydrologic system
P
E

QIN QOUT

GWIN GWO
UT
IN – OUT = ∆𝑆
(P + QIN + GWIN ) – (E + QOUT + GWOUT= ∆𝑆
Analysis of volume in hydrology
• We look at volumes of water (we divide volume by the land area to
get the depth of water applied over an area, i.e cm, inch, m, mm)

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = Volume =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦

• Density of water is 1000 kg/m3


• Density is constant across the equation and will be cancelled out
• Streamflow is normally provided in Volume per time, m3/s. This
needs to be converted by dividing over an area and considering the
time duration
Example 1: Water Balance
• Use the water budget method to obtain an estimate of annual
evapotranspiration for the following conditions: basin area A = 8000 mi2
; annual precipitation P = 20 in/yr; average annual streamflow R = 5000
cfs. Assume that the system is in steady state, so that over one year, ΔS =
0; also, assume that the net groundwater flow out of the basin is G = 0.
𝐸+𝑇 =𝑃−𝑄
𝑓𝑡3 𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑛
5000 𝑥 86,400 𝑥365 𝑥 12 𝑖𝑛
𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑦𝑟 𝑓𝑡
𝑄= # = 8.48
𝑓𝑡 𝑦𝑟
8000 𝑚𝑖2 𝑥 5280
𝑚𝑖
𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝒊𝒏
𝐸𝑇 = 20 − 8.48 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟐
𝑦𝑟 𝑦𝑟 𝒚𝒓
Example 2
Given the following: Time period = 30 days, surface area (A) = 300
acres, precipitation (P) = 1.3 in., surface runoff (SRIN) = 15 cfs, surface
runoff (SROUT) = 13 cfs, Change in storage = 16 ac-ft. assume infiltration
= 0, determine evaporation for the 30 days time period
• IN – OUT = ∆𝑆
• (P + SRIN) - (E + SROUT) = ∆𝑆
• Solve for E = SRIN + P – SROUT
• Express everything in depth of water
!"#$ #%& '( )*+
!" # $%&& # '( # $& ./ 23
# '( )*+ ,-
• 𝑆𝑅 𝐼𝑁 = !". = 2.98 𝑥 12 = 35.7 𝑖𝑛
$&& )*+,- # ($"%& 01 ./
*&(%
!"#$ #%& '( )*+
!$ # $%&& # '( # $& ./ 23
# '( )*+ ,-
• 𝑆𝑅 𝑂𝑈𝑇 = !". = 2.98 𝑥 12 = 30.94 𝑖𝑛
$&& )*+,- # ($"%& 01 ./
*&(%
!% )* ./ 23
• ∆𝑆 = $&& )*+,
𝑥 12 ./ = 0.64 𝑖𝑛
• E = SR (IN) + P – SR (OUT) - ∆𝑆
• 𝐸 = 35.7 𝑖𝑛 + 1.3 𝑖𝑛 − 30.9 𝑖𝑛 − 0.64 𝑖𝑛 =
𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 𝒊𝒏 (𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
Exercise 2
• Use the water budget method to obtain an estimate of annual
evapotranspiration for the following conditions: basin area A = 2500
mi2 ; annual precipitation P = 25 in/yr; average annual streamflow R =
650 cfs. Assume that the system is in steady state, so that over one
year, ΔS = 0; also, assume that the net groundwater flow out of the
basin is G = 0
• Given the following: Time period = 60 days, surface area (A) = 300
acres, precipitation (P) = 1.3 in., surface runoff (IN) = 15 cfs, surface
runoff (OUT) = 13 cfs, Change in storage = 16 ac-ft. assume infiltration
= 0, determine evaporation for the 60 days time period

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