ZXG10-MSC/VLR

Agenda

1 System Structure
2 System Interfaces
3 Service Functions
4 Networking
5 Configuration
 Typical GSM Network

SMAP SC
SMP SCP

SCE HLR/AUC

CAP

EIR
NO.7 Signaling
MSC/VLR Network
BSC /SSP GMSC/SSP
PSTN/PLMN
BTS

BSC

TMSC
Long distance
BTS
network
 What is MSC?

MSC---Mobile Switching Center

 What is VLR?

VLR---Visitor Location Register

ZXG10-MSC/VLR System Structure

OMM
Remote Client Local Client

CSM

MSM SNM

MPM MPM MPM

Mobile Peripheral Module(MPM)

As the basic independent module in ZXG10-MSC/VLR, it

performs the voice channel connection and signaling
processing between the subscribers inside this module,
and connect the signaling and voice channels between the
subscribers inside this MPM and other MPMs to the
central SNM (Switching Network Module). As well as it
provides the interface to BSC and other public networks
such as PSTN,ISDN.
Central Switching Module(CSM)

It consists of Message Switching Module(MSM) and

Switching Network Module(SNM), mainly performs the
message switching and voice channel switching between
respective modules.
 Message Switching Module(MSM): Implements the
message switching between modules.
 Switching Network Module(SNM): Performs the vioce
channel switching between respective modules in the multi-
module system, and sends to MSM the communication
timeslots from multiple modules via the half-fixed
connection.
Operation&Maintenance Module(OMM)

It manages the system switching entities including the

following three parts: system analysis, system
maintenance and signaling maintenance.
CSM Hardware Structure

ZXG10-
16×32Mb/s MPM
CPSN 16K × 16K
Built-in Fiber
MSM
MSM (64K × 64K )
MPM
16×32Mb/s

2 Mb/s 2Mb/s 16K × 16K

HDLC HDLC
512 Kb/s 512Kb/s
COMM COMM COMM COMM

MP0 MP1

LAN
OMM
OMM
 MPM Hardware Structure

8Mb/s
DT
DT
Digital Trunk Unit
8Mb/s
ECDT 8Mb/s
ECDT SNM

DDSN
8Mb/s Fiber Interface
IWF
IWF 16K*16K
8Mb/s
MFC
MFC
8Mb/s
DTMF
DTMF
Signaling Unit
8Mb/s
TONE
TONE
2Mb/s

No.7
V5.2
COMM COMM
No.7 COMM COMM

Control Unit

MP0 MP1
OMM Structure
MP

Foreground
TCP/IP

Background Router

OMM
Client OMM CDR
Server DDN/X.25/E1
Server

Remote
Client
ZXG10-MSC Software Structure

Mobile Intelligent
Operation & Maintenance

Processing Sub-system

Database Management
Sub-system

Sub-system
Mobile Subscriber
Processing Sub-system

Signaling Processing Sub-system

Running Support Sub-system

Running support sub-system

It provides platforms and unified operation interfaces for

the upper-level service development, so that the upper-level
applications needn’t care about the specific architecture of
the lower-level hardware platform
Mobile subscriber sub-system

The mobile subscriber sub-system mainly implements the

basic switching function of the mobile subscribers, and the
mobility and security management. It also performs
handover, supplementary services and intelligent services,
and handles the signaling conversion between the public
network (e.g., PSTN) and the private network as well as the
interfacing with BSS.
Operation&Maintenance sub-system

It is divided into the foreground module, server module and

client terminal module. As the core of the whole O&M sub-
system, the server module is responsible for the message
forwarding and data storage between respective net
elements and clients.
Mobile intelligent sub-system

It includes service switching function (SSF) module, special

resources function (SRF) module, and intelligent call
control function (CCF) module.
.
Signaling sub-system

It includes the ISDN User Part (ISUP), SS7 Message

Transfer Part (MTP), SS7 Connection Control Part
(SCCP), Transaction Capability Application Part (TCAP),
Telephone User Part (TUP), Channel Associate Signaling
(CAS), and bearer part, and also includes the connection
and release of channels, connection and release of various
sounds, the conversion between common channel signaling
and CAS, and the link management function.
Database management sub-system

As the data center of the ZXG10-MSC/VLR, it runs on

respective switching modules. It provides the data support
and assistance for the service layer, signaling layer, system
restarting, and system testing and traffic statistics to
achieve the corresponding functions.
Charging Sub-system
Charging Center

Router

MSC FTAM/FTP
Ethernet:10M/100M

Router

Client Charging Server

Agenda

1 System Structure
2 System Interfaces
3 Service Functions
4 Networking
5 Configuration
ZXG10-MSC/VLR System Network Structure

SCF J HLR

C
D

IW/GMSC C
VLR
L

E B
G

MSC VLR
F
E

EIR MSC
MSC
 A Interface

A-interface is an interface between the MSC and the BSS.

The BSS-MSC interface has a standard protocol to
transmit the following messages:

 BSS management messages

 Call processing

 Mobility management messages

 B Interface

B interface is an interface between the VLR and related

MSC. When the MSC needs a subscriber’s data in this
MSC area, the MSC should query its VLR. When an MS
updates its location, the MSC requests the VLR to store
related information. If a subscriber activates a
supplementary service or modifies the data, the MSC
requests the HLR (via VLR) to store the data.
B interface is an internal interface.
 C Interface

C Interface is an interface between the HLR and the

MSC When the fixed network fails to query a mobile
subscriber’s location to setup a call, the GMSC must
query the HLR for the roaming number of the called.
When the SMS GMSC forwards a short message, it
should query the HLR for the MSC number of the
called.
 D Interface

D Interface is an interface between the HLR and the

VLR, which is used to exchange subscribers’ location
information and processing information.
This interface is a standard protocol interface.
 E Interface

E interface is an interface between MSCs. When an

MS roams from one MSC to another during a call,
the MSC will make a handover so as to maintain the
communication uninterrupted. Thus, the MSCs must
exchange data. When short messages are transmitted
from the MS to the SC, this interface is used to
transfer messages between the subscriber MSC and
short message gateway MSC.
The interface is a standard protocol interface.
 F Interface

F Interface is an interface between the MSC and

EIR It is used for data exchange between the MSC
and the EIR to authenticate the MS IMEI status.

This interface is a standard protocol interface.

 G Interface

G interface is an interface between VLRs. When the

MS roams from one VLR to another, this interface
transfers the IMSI and authentication parameters
from the previous VLR to the new one.

This interface is a standard protocol interface.

 J Interface

J Interface is an interface between the HLR and the

gsmSCF. This interface is used for the gsmSCF to
request the HLR for messages, or for the network or
subscriber to initiate the call-independent interaction
between the gsmSCF and MS.

This interface is a standard protocol interface.

 L Interface

L Interface is an interface between the MSC and

the gsmSCF. When the MSC invokes
supplementary services of MPTY, ECT or CD, it
will send a notice to the gsmSCF.
Agenda

1 System Structure
2 System Interfaces
3 Service Functions
4 Networking
5 Configuration
Service Categories
Mobility management service
Handover processing
Mobile call service
MAP signaling support for partial Operation & Maintenance
services
Mobile intelligent services
SMS (Short Message Service)
Supplementary services
Data services
Equal access
Pre-paging function
LA (Location Area) services and MissCall function
Parameters in Mobile Call Service
 Mobile Station International ISDN Number (MSISDN)
The dialed number that callers use to reach a mobile subscriber.
 International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
The special number allocated to a mobile subscriber that identifies a
mobile subscriber in the wireless path and the whole GSM network.
 Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number (MSRN)
The MSRN is a temporary number assigned by VLR when the mobile
subscriber leaves the HLR of host office to roam.
 International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
Equipment ID that uniquely identifies a mobile station.
 Location Area Identity（LAI）
LAI is used in the location update of mobile subscriber.
Mobile Call Service- Location Update Process

5
2 4
MS BS MSC-A HLR
3 9 6
8 7

1
BS VLR

10
MS MSC-B
BS

BS VLR

The Location Update Process

Location Update Process Description
1. MS moves from the location area covered by MSC-B to the location
area covered by MSC-A.
2. MS detects the broadcast information from BS and finds that the
received LAI is different from the LAI currently used.
3&4. The MS sends a location update request to MSC-A via BS.
5. MSC-A sends the location update message to HLR,this message
includes the MSC-A identify and MS identify(then the authentication
and encipher process can start,here we ignore them).
6. HLR returns the response message which includes all the relevant
subscriber data.
7&8. MSC-A registers the subscriber data in the VLR.
9. MSC-A sends the response message to MS via BS.
10.HLR sends the location canceling request MSC-B to delete the
subscriber data in previous VLR.
Mobile Call Service- Incoming Call Process
GMSC MSC/VLR BSC MS
IAM Page
Page
STEP A
Channel_Rep
IMM _Assign
Page_Resp STEP B
Page_Resp
SCCP_CC
PSTN/ISDN Authenticate
Authenticate_resp STEP C
Start_Ciphering Start_Ciphering
Ciphering_m ode_Cm p STEP D
Ciphering_m ode_Cm p
Set_up
Call_Conf STEP E
Allocate_Channel Assignent_Cm d

Allocate_Com p Assignent_Com p STEP F

ACM Allerting
Connect
ANM
Connect_Ack
STEP G
 Incoming Call Process Description
1.The MSC/VLR receives the IAM and then sends paging message to the called party.
2.If there is radio channel between the network and the called party, the called party will directly return a
paging response. If there is no radio channel, the MS will send a channel request message to the BSC, and
return the paging response message after the BSC assigns the channel.
3.The MSC/VLR authenticates the MS.
4.If enciphering is required, the MSC/VLR requests the BSC to encipher the air channel for this
subscriber. The BSC sends an enciphering command to the mobile phone. After starting the enciphering
mode, the mobile phone sends an enciphering completion message to the BSC, and then the BSC sends an
acknowledgement message to the MSC/VLR.
5.The MSC/VLR sends a SETUP message to MS and then MS sends back a CALL-CNF (call
confirmation) message, indicating that MS is ready.
6.After receiving the CALL_CNF message from MS, the MSC/VLR will start setting up the speech
channel. It sends an assignment command to the MS, to assign an air channel and a terrestrial circuit, and
then connects the timeslots.
7.The MS rings back, and sends the Alerting message to the network side. The MSC/VLR notifies the
calling end: The called is in the ring-back status. The MS sends a CONNECT message to the network side.
After receiving this message, the MSC/VLR sends a response message to the caller and returns a
Connect_ACK message to the MS. The caller and the called party are in the conversation status.
Mobile Call Service-Outgoing Call Process
MS BSS MSC/VLR ISUP
Channel_Req
Im m _Assign STEP A
CM_Serv_Req CM_Serv_Req
SCCP_CC
CM_Serv_Req
STEP B
Authenticate
Authenticate
Authenticate_Resp
Authenticate_Resp STEP C
Cipher_m ode_Cm d Start_Ciphering

Cipher_m ode_Com p
Cipher_m ode_Com p STEP D
Setup
Call_Proceeding STEP E
Allocate_Channel
Assignm ent_Cm d
Assignm ent_Com p Allocation_Com p IAM
STEP F

Alert ACM
Connect ANM
Connect_Ack STEP G
Outgoing Call Process Description
1. An MS sends a channel request message to the BSC, requesting the BSC to assign the
dedicated control channel to the MS. The BSC assigns a channel to the MS.
2. The MS originates a service request message CM-SER-REQ to the MSC/VLR. The
MSC/VLR first sets up a SCCP connection and then sends a connection setup
acknowledgement message to the MS.
3. The MSC/VLR authenticates the subscriber and verifies the legality of the subscriber.
4. If enciphering is required, the MSC/VLR requests the BSC to encipher the air
channel for this subscriber. The BSC sends an enciphering command to the mobile
phone. After starting the enciphering mode, the mobile phone sends an enciphering
completion message to the BSC, and then the BSC sends an acknowledgement message
to the MSC/VLR.
5. After receiving the service request accepted message, the MS sends the MSC/VLR the
call SETUP message. If the call is permitted, the MSC/VLR will send the Call
Proceeding message to the MS via the BSC, indicating that the call request has been
accepted.
6. The terrestrial circuit is assigned to the calling mobile phone.
7. The called party rings, informing the caller. The called party answers and sends a
response message to the caller, thus entering the conversation status.
Mobile Intelligent Service-Mobile Pre-paid Service

This service is a typical service of “payment first and service

later”. When an MS subscribes to MPPS, the network
operator will allocate the subscriber a unique account
corresponding to its MS’s number. All the call charges of
MPPS subscribers will be deducted from this account. Once
the account balance is insufficient or overdue, the network
will stop providing communication services for this
subscriber until this account is recharged.
Mobile Intelligent Service-Mobile Virtual Private Network

This service provides the subscribers with the network services

similar to the PBX function on the mobile network, and creates its
own trans-regional or even transnational VPN. Call charges of all
subscribers in MVPN are collected from the same group account. The
internal MVPN adopts the independent numbering plan, enabling
subscribers in the network to directly dial short numbers to one other.
This service provides the MVPN manager with the call authority
management and call charges control of the subscribers in the
network, and provides detailed call records and statistic data on a
regular basis.
Mobile Intelligent Service-Familiar Numbers Service

This service creates a table of frequently contacted familiar numbers

for the subscriber. When an FNS subscriber dials a familiar number
in the table or when a family member or friend in the number table
calls the FNS subscriber, the network will provide a preferential call
charging rate. The familiar numbers table is connected to the service
management center by the service subscriber for modification and
maintenance via telephone or Internet.
Mobile Intelligent Service-Mobile Advertising

This service provides the ad applicant (manufacturer) with an ad

access number and creates an ad customer account at the same time.
All mobile or fixed subscribers dialing this ad access number can go
on to dial other subscribers free of charge after listening to an ad of the
manufacturer. The specified call charge is deducted from the ad
customer account. To ensure the effect of the ad, a simple test for the
dialing subscriber can be done after the ad. Only when the subscriber
who has passed the test can go on to make another call free of charge.
Mobile Intelligent Service-Specialized Charging Service

This service is an example of using “diversified charging functions of IN”.

The SCS service provides the subscriber with specific charging package
options and conventional preferential polices, including the premium rate
based on the call time segment, premium rate based on the duration, and
premium rate based on the call origination zone, etc. The SCS subscriber can
enjoy preferences by subscribing to his or her favorite charging package.
Mobile Intelligent Service-Mobile Bank Service

This service provides e-business interfaces between the mobile IN and

the banking private network. It performs the account management via
the mobile phone, including password management, account query, and
account transfer.
Short Message Service

SMS falls into two parts: Point-to-point SMS and broadcast SMS.

Only the point-to-point SMS is involved in the mobile switching center.

Point-to-point SMS provides services for transmitting length-limited messages

between GSM PLMN mobile station and the short message entity (SME) through
service center (SC). The SC (Service Center) can store and forward messages,
constituting a short message processing entity that integrates storing, interacting
and trunk functions. While, the GSM PLMN functions to support the SM transfer
between SC and MS.

The point-to-point SMS defines two kinds of services: SM MO (Short Message

Mobile Originating) and SM MT (Short Message Mobile Terminating).
Supplementary Services-Number Identification Services

CLIP-Calling Line Identification Presentation

This service is the type originated by the called subscriber. A subscriber that has
reserved this service can receive the caller’s number when receiving the incoming
call.
CLIR-Calling Line Identification Restriction
This service is the caller line originating service, making it possible for the caller to
avoid the calling line identification representation on the called line.
COLP-Connected Line Identification Presentation
This service is the caller line originating service. When the mobile subscriber is the
caller, due to the reason that the called subscriber has activated the call forwarding
and other supplementary services, the connected subscriber who actually
communicates with the caller is no longer the one the caller has called, At this time,
the network provides the connected number to the mobile subscriber.
COLR-Connected Line Identification Restriction
This service refers to the fact that the network is prohibited to provide the caller
with the number of the connected subscriber when the connected subscriber
receives a forwarding call.
Supplementary Services-Forwarding Services

CFU-Call Forwarding Unconditional

CFU means that when this supplementary service of the mobile subscriber is activated, all
incoming calls to this subscriber will be unconditionally forwarded to the third subscriber
registered by this subscriber. The third party here might be a subscriber of the mobile
network, the public network, or the private network, or it might be an entity such as the
speech mailbox.
CFB-Call Forwarding Busy
With this service of a mobile subscriber activated, when the subscriber is busy, all
incoming calls to this mobile subscriber will be forwarded to the third subscriber
registered by this subscriber.
CFNRy-Call Forwarding No Reply
No reply means that the called mobile subscriber does not hook off after the MS rings for
a long time.
The incoming call of the mobile subscriber with the CFNRy service activated will be
forwarded to the third party if the subscriber does not reply.
CFNRc-Call Forwarding Not Reachable
CFNRc means that the incoming calls to a mobile subscriber are forwarded to a third
subscriber if this mobile subscriber is unreachable (in a blind area).
Supplementary Services-Call Completion Services

Both the CW and the HOLD services are collectively called the call completion
service, and they are usually used in a combined manner.

 CW-Call Waiting

The CW service refers to the fact that when the incoming call can not secure a
channel, the called subscriber will be notified to wait. The called subscriber can
accept, reject or ignore this call. Each call can accept at most one waiting call.

 HOLD

The HOLD service allows the subscriber to interrupt a call temporarily. If

necessary, another connection can be established. After this call is interrupted,
its transmission channel is still reserved. The network can only reserve one
transmission channel for each mobile subscriber.
Supplementary Services-MPTY

This service enables the subscriber to set up a call with multiple parities at
the same time.
The precondition for the multi-party conversation is that the subscriber has
an activated call and a held call, and both calls have been replied. In such a
case, the subscriber can request the network to start the MPTY service.
Once the MPTY services of both parities are activated, the external call can
be added, disconnected or separated (that is, the call is removed from the
MPTY, however, connection with the subscriber receiving the service is still
held).
In a multi-party conversation, there should be no more than 5 external calls.
When the MPTY service is invoked, all of the external calls will receive the
indication. When a new call joins in the MPTY, each of the external calls
will receive the indication.
Data Services

It can provide all data services, including the G3 fax, intelligent

telegraph, videotex, computer data. It provides all kinds of bearer
services as required in the GSM protocol, as well as the interconnection
function with such networks as the PSTN, ISDN, CSPDN, PSPDN,
DDN and Internet.

Data rates (0.3kb/s~9.6kb/s)

Agenda

1 System Structure
2 System Interfaces
3 Service Functions
4 Networking
5 Configuration
ZXG10-MSC Small-capacity Networking

MPM

 An MPM networking with the maximum of 256

E1 interfaces provided.

 It can provide up to 64 No.7 links

ZXG10-MSC Large-capacity Networking
CSM

MPM（1~10）

 Meets the requirement of 80,000 trunk capacity

 1～10 MPMs can be configured and they connect to the CSM
via fiber
 Each MPM can provide up to 256 E1 interfaces
 Each MPM can provide up to 64 No.7 links
Agenda

1 System Structure
2 System Interfaces
3 Service Functions
4 Networking
5 Configuration
MPM(16K) Rack
MPM

Layer 6 BDT

Layer 5 BDT

Layer 4 BCTL

Layer 3 BNEN

Layer 2 BDT

Layer 1 运行支撑子系
BDT

统
MPM(16K) Mobile Peripheral Module
P A A P
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
S S
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
I I
B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B
G G
P D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B
P S C C C C C C C C P P
M M M O O O O O O O O M E
M M M M M M O P
E P P M M
N D
B M M M M M M M M M B
P S S D D D D D D D D D D P
F F F F
Y Y DD D S S S S S S S S
B B B B
C C SS S N N N N N N N N
I I I I
B K K NN N I I I I I I I I B
P D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B
P D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B
 MPM(16K) Boards Configuration
Unit Name Unit No. Number Remark
MPM Rack Unit MSC Rack 1
MSC-POWP 1 P Power
Control Unit MSC-BCTL 1 Back Control
MSC-SMEM 1 Shared Memory
MSC-MP 2 Module Processor
MSC-MON 1 Monitor
Network unit MSC-BNEN 1 Back Network
MSC-DDSN 2 Digital Switching Network
MSC-FBI Calculate Fiber Bus Interface （16 8M HW）
MSC-DSNI 2 Digital Switching Network interface(MP level)
MSC-DSNI Calculate Digital Switching Network interface(SP level)
Trunk Unit MSC-BDT Calculate Back Digital Trunk
MSC-DTI Calculate Digital Trunk Interface（Each has 4 E1）
MSC-ASIG 4 Analog Signaling

Clock Unit MSC-SYCK 2 Sync Clock

Comm Unit MSC-COMM 2 Inter-Module Comm（MPMP）
MSC-COMM Calculate Intra-Module Comm（MPPP）
MSC-COMM Calculate SS7 Comm（Each provides 16 links）
Power Unit MSC-POWB Calculate Secondary Power Supply
MSC-POWC 2 Network Layer Power Supply
Cable Unit 1 Satisfy the interconnector of MPM RACK
CSM(64K) Rack

Layer 6 BCTL

Layer 5 BCTL

Layer 4 BNET

Layer 3 CFM

Layer 2
BCN

Layer 1
CFM
64K Central Switching Module（CSM）
P S C C C C C C P
M M M O O O O O O
E P P M M M M M M
B M M M M M M M B
P S C C C C P P
M
M M M O O O O E
O
E P P M M M M P
N
B M M M M M D B
P S S P
C
Y Y
K
C C
B I B
K K
P P

B B

CCCC CCCC C CCC CCCC CCCC

P P
FFFF FFFF P PKK FFFF FFFF
SBBBB BBBB S SCC BBBB BBBB S
IIII IIII N NDD IIII IIII
 CSM(64K) Boards Configuration
Unit Name Unit No. Number Remark
CSM Rack Unit MSC Rack 1
MSC-POWP 1 P Power
Control Unit MSC-BCTL 2 Back Control
MSC-SMEM 2 Shared Memory
MSC-MP 4 Module Processor
MSC-MON 1 Monitor
MSC-PEPD 1 Peripheral Environment Detection
Network Unit MSC-BCN 1 Back Central Network
MSC-CPSN 2 Digital Switching Network（64K×64K）
MSC-CKCD 2 Clock and Comm Driver
MSC-CFBI calculate Fiber Bus Interface(64 8M HW)
Clock Unit MSC-BNET 1 Back Network
MSC-SYCK 2 Sync Clock
MSC-CKI 1 Bits Clock Interface
Communication Unit MSC-COMM calculate Inter-module Comm（MPMP）
MSC-COMM 2 Intra-module Comm（MPPP）
Power Unit MSC-POWB 6 Secondary Power Supply
MSC-POWS 2 Switching Power Supply
Cable Unit 1 Satisfy the interconnector of CSM RACK
Thanks!