JISARv 10 N 1 P 4

Volume 10, Issue 1
April 2017
ISSN: 1946-1836
Journal of
Information Systems Applied Research
In this issue:
4. Causes of cyberbullying in multi-player online gaming environments: Gamer

perceptions
Jami Cotler, Siena College
Meg Fryling, Siena College
Jack Rivituso, SUNY Cobleskill
15. An Interactive Toolbox For Twitter Content Analytics

Musa Jafar, Manhattan College
Marc Waldman, Manhattan College
29. Gateway to Clinical Intelligence and Operational Excellence through a

Patient Healthcare Smart Card System
Sadath Hussain, Xavier University
Thilini Ariyachandra, Xavier University
Mark Frolick, Xavier University
44. Crowdsourcing Surveys: Alternative Approaches to Survey Collection

Jeffrey Cummings, University of North Carolina Wilmington
Christopher Sibona, University of North Carolina Wilmington
55. The Effects of Discount Pricing Strategy on Sales of Software-as-a-Service

(SaaS): Online Video Game Market Context
Hoon S. Choi, Appalachian State University
B. Dawn Medlin, Appalachian State University
D. Scott Hunsinger, Appalachian State University
Journal of Information Systems Applied Research (JISAR) 10(1)
ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
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2017 AITP Education Special Interest Group (EDSIG) Board of Directors
Leslie J. Waguespack, Jr. Jeffry Babb Scott Hunsinger

Bentley University West Texas A&M Appalachian State Univ
President Vice President Past President (2014-2016)
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Director Director Director
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ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
Journal of
Information Systems Applied Research
Editors
Scott Hunsinger Thomas Janicki

Senior Editor Publisher
Appalachian State University University of North Carolina Wilmington
2017 JISAR Editorial Board

Jeffry Babb Lionel Mew
West Texas A&M University University of Richmond
Ronald Babin Fortune Mhlanga

Ryerson University Lipscomb University
Wendy Ceccucci Muhammed Miah

Quinnipiac University Southern University at New Orleans
Ulku Clark Edward Moskal

University of North Carolina Wilmington St. Peter’s University
Gerald DeHondt II Alan Peslak

Penn State University
Meg Fryling
Siena College Doncho Petkov
Eastern Connecticut State University
Biswadip Ghosh
Metropolitan State University of Denver James Pomykalski
Susquehanna University
Audrey Griffin
Chowan University Anthony Serapiglia
St. Vincent College
Musa Jafar
Manhattan College Li-Jen Shannon
Sam Houston State University
Rashmi Jain
Montclair State University Karthikeyan Umapathy
University of North Florida
Guido Lang
Quinnipiac University Leslie Waguespack
Bentley University
Paul Leidig
Grand Valley State University Bruce White
Quinnipiac University

ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
Causes of cyberbullying in multi-player online

gaming environments: Gamer perceptions
Jami Cotler
[email protected]
Meg Fryling
[email protected]
Computer Science
Siena College
Loudonville, NY 12211, USA
Jack Rivituso
[email protected]
Business and Information Technology
SUNY Cobleskill
Cobleskill, NY 12043, USA
Abstract
Cyberbullying has received much attention in recent years due to a variety of resulting tragic events,
including cyberbully victim suicides. However, research on cyberbullying in online gaming environments
is relatively new and limited. Furthermore, existing research primarily focuses on young adolescents,
leaving research gaps for analyzing cyberbullying among older gamers. This is particularly important
since it is estimated that 68% of gamers are 18 years of age or older. Finally, causes of aggressive
behavior, such as cyberbullying, are still unclear and cannot simply be linked to violent video games.
Therefore, in order to develop strategies to mitigate cyberbullying in online gaming environments, we
need to better understand what the biggest causes of cyberbullying are in this environment. This
exploratory research investigates gamer perceptions regarding the causes of cyberbullying in online
multi-player gaming environments. A survey was developed for this study and 936 respondents
answered several open ended questions related to causes of cyberbullying in gaming environments.
Content analysis of these questions revealed that gamers perceive the biggest causes are: anonymity,
the cyberbully not seeing the real life effects of their behaviors, and no fear of punishment.
Keywords: cyberbullying, online gaming, aggression, MMORPG, cyber abuse, electronic bullying
1. INTRODUCTION 1990s as technology ownership and Internet

access became more ubiquitous. Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying has received much attention in victimization and research has increased during
recent years due to a variety of resulting tragic the last decade as social networking use has
events, including cyberbully victim suicides. skyrocketed (Beran & Li, 2005; Kowalski &
Research in this problem space began in the Limber, 2007; Mesch, 2009; Ortega et al., 2009;

ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
Patchin & Hinduja, 2006; Raskauskas & Stoltz, in the workplace. Nonetheless, there is much still
2007; Ybarra, 2004). Early studies on left to understand about adult cyberbullying
cyberbullying focused primarily on prevalence in behavior since there is much less research in this
adolescent populations (Lenhart, 2010; Patchin & area (Lester, 2009). Organizations need to
Hinduja, 2006; Yardi & Bruckman, 2011). consider information systems that coworkers use
in the workplace, including social media platforms
In recent years, cyberbullying research has (e.g. Facebook, Twitter), and the possibility of
extended to older populations (Aricak, 2009; cyberbullying activity that may negatively impact
Dilmac, 2009; Molluzzo et al., 2012; G. Rivituso, employees.
2012; J. Rivituso, 2014; Smith & Yoon, 2012),
including cyberbullying in college and in the 3. CYBERBULLYING IN ONLINE GAMING
workplace (Bond et al., 2010; Chapell et al., ENVIRONMENTS
2004; Cowie et al., 2002; De Cuyper et al., 2009;
Keashly & Neuman, 2010; Lester, 2009; McKay While there is little research on cyberbullying in
et al., 2008; Privitera & Campbell, 2009). gaming environments, there are many existing
Additionally, cyberbullying in gaming theories regarding video game violence and
environments has been investigated (Fryling et increased aggressive behavior. This section
al., 2014, 2015). However, there is still limited summarizes some of that research.
research addressing the connections between
bullying, cyberbullying, and gaming (Qing, 2015) Some researchers believe that violence in video
so further investigation is warranted. games has been shown to increase hostile
behavior and decrease supportive behavior (C. A.
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF Anderson & Bushman, 2001; C. A. Anderson et
CYBERBULLYING al., 2007; C. A. Anderson et al., 2010; Bushman
& Anderson, 2002; Hasan et al., 2013; Power,
It has been well established that cyberbullying 2009). Yang (2012) found an association
triggers social problems and impacts victims between male adolescent online gamers and a
negatively psychologically and emotionally (Blair, preference for violent games, increased hostility,
2003; Fryling et al., 2014; Juvonen & Gross, and aggressive behavior.
2008; Patchin & Hinduja, 2006; G. Rivituso,
2012; J. Rivituso, 2014). Cyberbullying may even However, other researchers report that there is
more profoundly negatively impact its victims simply no concrete evidence of a causal
than traditional bullying because the details of relationship between violent video games and
such bullying behavior are publicly visible to a violent behavior (Ferguson, 2010; Ferguson &
large audience for extended periods of time, Kilburn, 2010; Przybylski et al., 2014; Sherry,
allowing the victim to be re-victimized over and 2007). Whether or not violence in video games is
over (Campbell, 2005; G. Rivituso, 2012; J. the cause of bad behavior continues to be hotly
Rivituso, 2014; Strom & Strom, 2005). Therefore, argued in the academic literature (Bushman et
it is important for research to be conducted to al., 2010; Ferguson & Dyck, 2012) and beyond
offer a better understanding of why it happens (Valleskey, 2014).
and develop strategies to mitigate.
The specific aggressive behavior of cyberbullying
While theories vary as to the cause of in online gaming environments has begun to be
cyberbullying (T. Anderson & Sturm, 2007) investigated by researchers (Fryling et al., 2015;
(Bandura, 1989, 1990; Diamanduros et al., Yang, 2012). Not only has cyberbullying been
2008), it has been found that victimization not found to exist in online gaming environments but
only has long-term negative psychological effects it can have negative psychological effects,
but it can cause victims to become cyberbullies similarly to other types of bullying (Fryling et al.,
themselves (Berthold & Hoover, 2000; Fryling & 2015).
Rivituso, 2013; Katzer, 2009; Wong & Xio, 2012;
Ybarra & Mitchell, 2004). Some research has There is research to support that repeated online
found that young bullying victims are more than gaming cyberbullying victimization of male
three times as likely to become a bully than gamers increases the likelihood of observable
individuals that have never been bullied aggressive behavior in their non-gaming lives
themselves (Berthold & Hoover, 2000). (Yang, 2012). Lam et al. (2013) found that
students that have been a cyberbully or a
While cyberbullying research has focused cyberbullying victim were twice as likely to have
primarily on adolescents, some researchers have been exposed to violent video games.
begun to investigate cyberbullying in college and

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Recent research has looked beyond a simple This paper presents the content analysis of an
casual relationship between violent video games open-ended question which asked participants
and aggression. For example, Przybylski et al. “What would you say are the biggest causes of
(2014) concluded that a lack of player cyberbullying within multi-player video games?”
competence in a game environment is a cause of In addition, the results from one multi-answer
aggressive behavior. While this research was not question “Why do you think cyberbullying
specifically on cyberbullying, there are behavior within multi-player games occurs”
opportunities to extend the concepts to this containing nine categories are offered.
domain.
Population and Sample
Other research on cyberbullying has identified The survey was distributed via an online gaming
sexual orientation and revenge as causes of forum that hosted 564,166 total members and
victimization (Varjas et al., 2013). If victims are was completed by 1033 respondents. Of these
perceived as exhibiting bad behavior, bullies and respondents, 936 responded to the open-ended
bystanders may justify their cyberbullying question “What would you say are the biggest
victimization (Varjas et al., 2010). There is much causes of cyberbullying within multi-player video
room to explore additional causes of games?” and were used in the analysis presented
cyberbullying. in this paper. Participation was encouraged in two
ways. First, forum members were presented with
Research on cyberbullying in online gaming the survey link immediately upon login and
environments is relatively new and limited. respondents were offered a chance to win a $50
Furthermore, existing research primarily focuses Amazon gift card. These two factors likely
on young adolescents, leaving research gaps for encouraged the high response rate.
analyzing cyberbullying among older gamers.
This is particularly important since it is estimated The forum’s gender distribution was
that 68% of gamers are 18 years of age or older approximately 62% female and 38% male. This
(MediaCT, 2013). Finally, causes of aggressive distribution was similar to the sample used for
behavior, such as cyberbullying, are still unclear this analysis (i.e. less than 1% difference). The
and cannot simply be linked to violent video average age of respondents was 22 with 73% of
games. Therefore, in order to develop respondents reporting that they are 18 or older.
cyberbullying mitigation strategies for online
multi-player gaming environments, we need to Results
better understand what the biggest causes of
cyberbullying are in this somewhat unique and Cause Overall
under-researched environment. Anonymity online 805 (86%)
The Cyberbully does not see real 713 (76%)
4. METHODOLOGY life effects on other players
No fear of punishment 681 (73%)
This exploratory research investigates gamer Cyberbully crave attention 605 (65%)
perceptions regarding the causes of cyberbullying No punishment for cyberbullying 524 (56%)
in online multi-player gaming environments. behavior available
Cyberbully have stress anxiety 432 (46%)
A survey was developed by the researchers and it and/or depression that is causing
included questions from previous cyberbullying them to act out
studies (Molluzzo et al., 2012; Smith & Yoon, Cyberbully need to take out 424 (45%)
2012), in addition to questions specifically frustrations from being bullied
developed to address research objectives. themselves in real life
Respondents were asked several open ended Not enough methods to deal with 285 (31%)
questions related to causes of cyberbullying in it
gaming environments. Too much freedom online 281 (30%)
Table 1: Results from multiple selection
The survey was pilot tested by a small group of question “Why do you think cyberbullying
online gamers prior to releasing and minor behavior within multi-player games
modifications were made based on feedback from occurs?”
the pilot testers. The final survey consisted of 42
questions, including demographics and several The results from the multi-answer question “Why
questions related to perceptions regarding do you think cyberbullying behavior within multi-
potential cyberbullying mitigation strategies. player games occurs” presented in Table 1 show

ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
that the highest percentage of participants for a fact, because my own relatives who play
reported anonymity (86%), the cyberbully not multi-player games are cyberbullies. They will
seeing the real life effects of their behaviors ridicule and verbally abuse some person for
(76%) and no fear of punishment (73%) as not having as high of a score as them and
causes of cyberbullying. place no boundaries as to what they say to
them verbally, because they don't know the
To supplement these findings a content analysis person so it doesn't matter to them. It's hard
was performed on the 936 responses to the open to convince them to stop, too, because they
ended question “What would you say are the don't care whether they hurt someone they
biggest causes of cyberbullying within multi- don’t know (they don't feel it will affect their
player video games?” To start, two coders lives afterwards so they don't care).
independently developed a code dictionary based
on the literature and frequent word analysis of the Lack of accountability in an anonymous
survey responses and performed the initial coding environment. Someone actually said to me ‘I
of the a sample of 100 (11%) responses. This don't have to be nice because it is online and
process yielded an 81% agreement between the doesn't count in real life’.
coders. The coders then refined the coding
dictionary (Appendix A) and completed another Eighteen percent of the respondents reported
pass of 100 responses, this time yielding a 96% that it was the cyberbully’s character that caused
agreement, exceeding the suggested final this behavior citing that “…lack of compassion,
intercoder agreement for qualitative data analysis lack of understanding about others, selfishness”
of over 90% (Miles & Huberman, 1994). The rest as well as “there are some people that just enjoy
of the responses were then systematically harassing others” as reasons for cyberbullying.
analyzed using NVivo 11 (QSR International) with Another participant said:
the goal of gaining a deeper understanding of the
participants’ perception of the causes of Some people are just complete and utter
cyberbullying specific to online gaming inconsiderate innates who have not been
environments. taught properly, or rather have not learned
properly on how to be respectful and polite to
As shown in Table 2 (see Appendix A for full fellow people. These people troll and
results), and somewhat similar to the multi- cyberbully often, perhaps, since they do not
answer question, the most frequently cited realize that it actually can hurt another
reason for cyberbullying in online gaming person's feelings.
environments is anonymity followed by personal
character and then the lack of consequences. Sixteen percent of the respondants mentioned
Twenty-four percent of the respondents the lack of consequences as a reason for
mentioned anonymity in their response to this cyberbullying behavior in online gaming
question. One participant reported that environments. Upon personal reflection one
“Anonymity causes the illusion of no participant offered that:
consequences creating (in the cyberbulliers
opinion) a lawless environment where they can There is no accountability! I can call people
do whatever they want” while another participant names (or others can do the same to me),
expressed a deep concern surrounding anonymity demeaning them for their sexual orientation,
citing that “I think it's because no one really race, accent, GENDER, whatever. These are
knows who is who so the anonymous cyberbully things I don't truly believe, but it doesn't
can't really be identified. They don't really have matter because someone made me angry and
anything to lose within a game.” While others I have no accountability to anyone on the
expressed concern by saying “The idea that you internet. This is the truth I am ashamed of
could be playing against anyone at any time is and want to commit to changing.”
really quite frightening. The internet has grown
so big that it is "unpoliceable" now.” Other Others spoke of the lack of impact of not having
participants offered personal accounts of the any real consequences by stating “… the lack of
impact of anonymity on cyberbullying and shared ‘real’ consequences. Being banned from a game
the following comments: doesn't have the same impact that an arrest
makes in real life for similar actions.” Another
I would say the biggest cause of cyberbullying participant shared that bad behavior is
within multi-player video games is the fact encouraged due to not having consequences by
that most of the players who play online do saying:
not know each other in real life. I know this There are no consequences. Cyberbullies are

ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
free to do as they will, and they often are Reason Percentage Sample
encouraged and receive praise from trolls. Responding Quotes
Victims are bullied more by the general trolls. (Some
Bad behavior is encouraged and applauded. excerpted)
It's been that way for years now. things and do
things they
Reason Percentage Sample might not in
Responding Quotes real life- it's an
(Some outlet and
excerpted) there are no
Anonymity 248 (24%) “The act of real
"trolling" is consequences.”
now the "in" Table 2: Top three reasons cited for
thing.” cyberbullying
“The
anonymous 5. DISCUSSION
feeling people
get makes Only 424 or 45% of participants in the multi-
them feel answer question and 31 (3%) of the participants
powerful.” responding to the short answer question support
“I think people the findings of (Berthold & Hoover, 2000; Fryling
just get & Rivituso, 2013; Katzer, 2009; Wong & Xio,
confident when 2012; Ybarra & Mitchell, 2004) in that being a
their names cyberbully victim is a cause for bullying behavior
and faces in online gaming environment. However, 53 (6%)
aren't attached of the participants cited that the game design was
to their a cause of cyberbullying which support the
words.” research of (C. A. Anderson & Bushman, 2001; C.
A. Anderson et al., 2007; C. A. Anderson et al.,
Character 169 (18%) “People who 2010; Bushman & Anderson, 2002; Hasan et al.,
ignore the 2013; Power, 2009). Participants citing the game
rules of design and game company as a contributing
decency and factors of cyberbullying state that the games are
courtesy designed in a way that encourages cyberbullying
online, and feel as a comeptitive advantage. Furthermore, one
that since no participant states that “The owners/programmers
one can "get either allow for it, refuse to deal with complaints
them", they and in some cases engage in it themselves” and
can get away “Gaming companies are a big cause.” Another
with anything study participant shared the perspective that
they want.” having “sides” encourages cyberbullying by
“People just saying:
being jerks.
Gaming and The implementation of “sides” in MMO's
nerd culture is [Massively Multi-Player Online games] and
seriously open world combat was the stupidest thing they
jacked up right have ever done. In World of Warcraft, I am
now in hunted down and killed repeatedly just because
general.” they can get a few points out of me for better
items and gear. And then harassed if I call in
No 147 (16%) “People feel my guild to back me up. If they got rid of the
Consequences like they can open world combat and being able to kill
do whatever anyone who isn't on your "side" outside of pvp
they want [player(s) versus player(s)] arenas. I quite
because no WoW [World of Warcraft] because of being
one knows who bullying by the "other side" and haven't gone
they are.” back in fear of not being able to enjoy the
game. I'm not a pvp person and you shouldn't
“People say have to be forced to pvp if you don't want to.

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As previously discussed, Przbylski et al. (2014) Future research will include additional analysis of
found that the lack of play competence the existing survey data to better understand the
independent of the game design as a cause of causes of cyberbullying in gaming environments,
aggressive behaviors. Expanding on this work, in perceptions regarding what constitutes
this study 90 (10%) of the participants surveyed cyberbullying, and mitigation strategies. Further,
indicated that a player with a novice skill level the survey may be distributed via other channels.
attracted cyberbullying attention in gaming This may increase the diversity of respondents
environments. Participants in this group cited that and reduce any unknown bias members of the
players classified as “NOOBS” along with newbie’s Animal Crossing Community gaming forum may
are easy and frequent targets for cyberbullying. have.
It should be noted here, that there is a distinction
between the terms. NOOB’s are characterized as 6. CONCLUSIONS
“knowing little without any desire to learn more”
(Urban Dictionary, 2016). However, a newbie is a This study sought to better understand the causes
beginner who is willing to learn and improve. One of cyberbullying in online gaming environments
participant cited that “especially if they are new so that mitigation strategies can be developed
to the game they are generalized into the ‘noob’ and implemented. The analysis presented here
category”, while another participant shared that revealed that gamers perceive the biggest causes
“If your new to the game, a PoC [Person of Color], are: anonymity, the cyberbully not seeing the real
or a sexuality other then straight, then you will life effects of their behaviors, and no fear of
most likely be bullied.” Two repondents added punishment.
“People who have more experience points pick on
the newbies” and “The strong picking on the weak This study’s findings extend existing research by
because they like that feeling of power.” Finally, exploring causes of cyberbullying in online
another respondent stated: gaming environments, including adult gamer
populations. Future research can include
The bully feels like they are hidden behind the developing strategies to help mitigate the three
internet, and they can take out their anger or biggest causes of cyberbully, reported in this
feelings of superiority onto people they feel study. These mitigation strategies can include
are "less worthy" or less experienced. both technical implementations and policy
Because advanced players can remain enhancements. Once implemented in a gaming
anonymous, they often bully weaker or newer environment, cyberbullying activities can be re-
players for the sake of fun and in-game evaluated to confirm the study’s findings and
rewards. access the value of these strategies.
Limitations 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All respondents were members of the Animal
Crossing Community. While forum members The authors would like to acknowledge the
report playing a wide variety of online games, it contributions of Shauna Pratico and Lauren
is hard to know if this population accurately Mathews in the development of the original
represents the general online gaming population. survey instrument. We would also like to thank
The age and gender distributions of the Animal Jerad Rose from Animal Crossing Community for
Crossings Community forum (62% female; his support in distributing the survey.
Average age 22) is not the same as the online
gaming populations (45% female; average age This research was partially funded by the Siena
30) (MediaCT, 2013). Additionally, as with all College Center for Undergraduate Research and
anonymous surveys, it is also unknown if Creative Activity.
respondents were completely truthful in their
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Appendix A: Coding Dictionary

What are the biggest causes of cyberbullying within multi-player video games?
Percentag
e Code Description
accepted This is accepted behavior, bullying in gaming environments has
45 (5%) behavior become the norm.
44 (5%) anger The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior because of anger.
248 (26%) anonymity Cyberbullying is caused because the person's name is unknown.
anonymity ->
leading to
feeling of In situations where the cyberbullies name is unknown gives the
4 (0%) untouchable feeling of being untouchable
22 (2%) arrogance The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior because of arrogance.
attention The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior as a way to gain
34 (4%) seeking attention.
being a victim The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior because of being a
31 (3%) of bullying victim.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior because of some sort of
10 (1%) bias bias.
14 (1%) bias/age The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior has an age bias.
53 (6%) bias/gender The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior has a gender bias.
24 (3%) bias/race The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior has a race bias.
63 (7%) boredom The player exhibiting cyberbullying behavior is bored.
can't see The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior because of not seeing
34 (4%) effects the effects on the person being bullied.
character/ The persons’ character, not caring or understanding the harm
respect/ caused, or lack of respect of others is the cause of the bullying
169 (18%) unethical behavior.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior as a result of being
69 (7%) competition competitive.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior because of high levels of
8 (1%) confidence confidence.
6 (1%) depression The player exhibits cyberbullying behaviors because of depression.
27 (3%) don't know The participant responded with: I don’t know
44 (5%) frustration The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to frustration.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to the design of the
53 (6%) game design game.
high self- The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to a high level of
3 (0%) esteem self-esteem.
8 (1%) ignorance The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to ignorance.
lack of The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to lack of
17 (2%) moderators moderators.
lack of self- The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to lack of self-
4 (0%) control control.
low self
56 (6%) esteem The player exhibits cyberbullying behaviors due to low self-esteem.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to a lack of
69 (7%) maturity maturity.
no The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to lack of
147 (16%) consequences consequences.

ISSN: 1946-1836 April 2017
no one
6 (1%) reporting The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to no one reporting.
not educated
in what
cyberbullying The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to lack of education
8 (1%) is of what cyberbullying is.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to the novice ability
level of the player.
novice The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to the novice ability
90 (10%) player/NOOB of the player along with the lack of desire to learn.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior is cause by personality
5 (1%) personality factors.
personality ->
13 (1%) aggressive The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to aggression.
The player exhibits cyberbullying behavior due to the desire for
56 (6%) power power.
7 (1%) real life bully The player exhibiting cyberbullying behavior is a real life bully.
real life
personal The player exhibiting cyberbullying behavior has real life personal
121 (13%) issues issues.
9 (1%) too sensitive The victims of cyberbullying are too sensitive.
The reason players exhibiting cyberbullying behavior is due to
11 (1%) too serious taking the game too seriously.
47 (5%) unsupervised The reason there is cyberbullying is due to unsupervised minors.


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Volume 10, Issue 1

4. Causes of cyberbullying in multi-player online gaming environments: Gamer

15. An Interactive Toolbox For Twitter Content Analytics

29. Gateway to Clinical Intelligence and Operational Excellence through a

44. Crowdsourcing Surveys: Alternative Approaches to Survey Collection

55. The Effects of Discount Pricing Strategy on Sales of Software-as-a-Service

The Journal of Information Systems Applied Research (JISAR) is a double-blind peer-

JISAR is published online (http://jisar.org) in connection with CONISAR, the Conference on

2017 AITP Education Special Interest Group (EDSIG) Board of Directors

Leslie J. Waguespack, Jr. Jeffry Babb Scott Hunsinger

Meg Fryling Lionel Mew Muhammed Miah

Rachida Parks Anthony Serapiglia Li-Jen Shannon

Jason Sharp Peter Wu Lee Freeman

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 2

Scott Hunsinger Thomas Janicki

2017 JISAR Editorial Board

Ronald Babin Fortune Mhlanga

Wendy Ceccucci Muhammed Miah

Ulku Clark Edward Moskal

Gerald DeHondt II Alan Peslak

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 3

Causes of cyberbullying in multi-player online

1. INTRODUCTION 1990s as technology ownership and Internet

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 4

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 5

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 6

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 7

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 8

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 9

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 10

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 11

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 12

Appendix A: Coding Dictionary

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 13

©2017 ISCAP (Information Systems and Computing Academic Professionals Page 14

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