1. Knowledge: What is the primary driving force behind lithosphere’s motion?

a) convection currents

b) Solar radiation

c) Plate tectonics

d) Earth's rotation

2. Analysis: What role do mid-ocean ridges play in the context of mantle convection
currents?

a) They create subduction zones

b) They act as barriers to convection currents

c) They are locations where convection currents sink into the mantle

d) They are locations where new oceanic crust is formed due to rising convection currents

3. Evaluation: Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect the rate of mantle
convection?

a) Mantle composition

b) Heat from Earth's core

c) Plate boundaries

d) Magnetic field strength

4. Analysis: What happens to the temperature and density of mantle material as it rises in a
convection current?

a) Temperature increases, density decreases

b) Temperature decreases, density increases

c) Temperature and density remain constant

d) Temperature and density fluctuate randomly

5. Application: Which part of the Earth experiences the most intense convection currents in
the mantle?

a) Continental crust

b) Oceanic crust
c) Outer core

d) Asthenosphere

6. Analysis: When a metal rod is heated, what happens to its length due to the increase in
temperature?

a) It contracts (gets shorter)

b) It expands (gets longer)

c) It remains the same

d) It depends on the type of metal

7. Analysis: If you have two containers with the same volume, but one contains a hot gas and
the other contains a cold gas, which container will have the higher number of gas molecules
(particles)?

a) The container with the hot gas

b) The container with the cold gas

c) Both containers will have the same number of gas molecules

d) It depends on the type of gas

8. Comprehension: When a liquid is heated, what generally happens to its density?

a) It increases

b) It decreases

c) It remains the same

d) It depends on the specific liquid

9. Comprehension: What is the phenomenon where a wave changes direction as it passes

a) Reflection

b) Diffraction

c) Refraction

d) Interference
10. Comprehension: How do P-waves differ from S-waves in terms of their mode of
propagation through the Earth?

a) S-waves travel faster than P-waves.

b) P-waves can travel through both solids and liquids, while S-waves cannot travel through
liquids.

c) P-waves are surface waves, while S-waves are body waves.

d) P-waves are the most destructive seismic waves.

11. Application: When seismic waves encounter a boundary between two layers of the Earth's
interior and change speed, what phenomenon is occurring?

a) Reflection

b) Refraction

c) Diffraction

d) Absorption

12. Analysis: Which type of seismic wave is responsible for the side-to-side shaking of the
ground during an earthquake?

a) P-wave

b) S-wave

c) Love wave

d) Rayleigh wave

13. Synthesis: How does the amplitude of seismic waves relate to the energy released during
an earthquake?

a) Higher amplitude corresponds to lower energy.

b) Higher amplitude corresponds to higher energy.

c) Amplitude and energy are not related.

d) It depends on the earthquake's depth.

14. Evaluation: If a seismic wave passes from a solid rock layer into a less dense, sedimentary
layer, what is likely to happen to the wave's velocity?
a) It will decrease.

b) It will increase.

c) It will remain constant.

d) It depends on the frequency of the wave.

15. Analysis: What is the primary reason S-waves cannot travel through Earth's outer core?

a) The outer core is too dense.

b) The outer core is too hot.

c) S-waves cannot travel through any liquid.

d) The outer core is composed of a different material.

16. Application: In which layer of the Earth do Love waves and Rayleigh waves primarily
travel?

a) Crust

b) Mantle

c) Outer core

d) Inner core

17. Knowledge: Which type of seismic wave is responsible for the majority of the damage
during an earthquake?

a) P-wave

b) S-wave

c) Love wave

d) Rayleigh wave

18. Evaluation: In which scenario would sound waves be most likely to undergo significant
refraction?

a) Traveling through a vacuum

b) Traveling through still air

c) Traveling through layers of hot and cold air

19. Application: What is the primary reason for the existence of seismic shadow zones for
both P-waves and S-waves?

a) The Earth's surface absorbs the waves.

b) The waves get refracted at the core-mantle boundary.

c) The waves are blocked by the Earth's core.

d) The waves are scattered by the atmosphere.

20. Comprehension: Why do P-waves exhibit a change in velocity when they transition from
the mantle to the outer core?

a) They refract due to changes in density.

b) They reflect off the inner core.

c) They are absorbed by the outer core.

d) They diffract around the core.

21. Mid-ocean ridges are formed at divergent plate boundaries. What can you infer
about the age of the crust at a mid-ocean ridge?

A. The crust is the oldest at the center of the ridge and gets younger towards the
edges.

B. The crust is the youngest at the center of the ridge and gets older towards the
edges.

C. The crust is all the same age at a mid-ocean ridge.

D. None of the above

22. What happens at a divergent plate boundary?

A. Two plates move away from each other, creating new crust.

B. Two plates collide, forming mountains.

C. Two plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.

D. A and C are correct.

A. Avoid building in areas that are prone to earthquakes and volcanic

B. Develop early warning systems for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

C. Build earthquake-resistant and volcano-resistant structures.

D. All of the above

24. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about plate boundaries?

A. Plate boundaries are where most of the Earth's geological activity occurs.

B. Plate boundaries are where the Earth's crust is created and destroyed.

C. Plate boundaries are where the Earth's mantle and core meet.

D. Plate boundaries are where the Earth's magnetic field is generated.

25. Mid-ocean ridges are formed at divergent plate boundaries. What can you infer
about the age of the crust at a mid-ocean ridge?

A. The crust is the oldest at the center of the ridge and gets younger towards
the edges.

B. The crust is the youngest at the center of the ridge and gets older towards
the edges.

C. The crust is all the same age at a mid-ocean ridge.

D. None of the above

26. The Himalayas are a mountain range formed at a convergent plate boundary.
What can you infer about the movement of the Indian and Eurasian plates?

A. The Indian Plate is moving northward and subducting under the Eurasian
Plate.

B. The Eurasian Plate is moving northward and subducting under the Indian
Plate.
 C. The Indian and Eurasian Plates are moving away from each other.

D. The Indian and Eurasian Plates are sliding past each other.

27. Which type of plate boundary is most likely to have volcanoes?

A. Divergent

B. Convergent

C. Transform

D. All of the above

28. What is an example of a geological formation associated with a divergent plate

A. Mid-ocean ridge

B. Mountain range

C. Transform fault

D. Trench

29. What happens at a divergent plate boundary?

A. Two plates move away from each other, creating new crust.

B. Two plates collide, forming mountains.

C. Two plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.

D. A and C are correct.

30. What are the three main types of plate boundaries?

A. Divergent, convergent, and transform

B. Oceanic, continental, and mixed

C. Volcanic, seismic, and tectonic