BASIC PROGRAMMING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Question 1. What Is Multithreading?

Answer:
Multithreading is the ability of a program or an operating
system process to manage its use by more than one user at a
time and to even manage multiple requests by the same user
without having to have multiple copies of the programming
running in the computer. Central processing units have
hardware support to efficiently execute multiple threads.
These are distinguished from multiprocessing systems (such
as multi-core systems) in that the threads have to share the
resources of a single core: the computing units, the CPU
caches and the translation lookaside buffer (TLB).

Question 2. Tell Me Why Constructors Does Not Supports

Visual Functions?
Answer:
Constructor does not support virtual functions because we
need an object to invoke a virtual method in the first place
and more over constructors are used to initializing
objects,which is a static type.Virtual functions are invoked on
the dynamic type of the object,hence the object may not be
properly initialized when a constructor call is made.Since the
derived part of the object would not be initialized during the
execution of base class constructor,hence calling any virtual
method from base class constructor does not work well.

Question 3. Explain What Are Mutants And Explain

Mutation Testing?
Answer :
A mutated program is called Mutant and Mutation testing is
based up on seeding the Implementation with a Fault by
applying mutation Operator and determining whether
Testing Identify this fault is called Mutation testing

Question 4. What Is Race Around Condition?

Answer :
A race around condition is a fault in the process or a system
where the output or the result of the process is critically and
unexpectedly dependent on the timing of other events. Race
condition especially occurs in multithreaded or in distributed
systems.

Question 5. Do You Know Hows Do Electrons Travel

Through A Lightning Bolt?
Answer :
Generally, lightning is negatively charged. During
thunderstorms. The Earths is recharged and its surface
becomes good conductor of electricity. The Earth is charged
negatively and the atmosphere is charged positively.
Electrons flow upwards from the entire surface of the Earth.
Thunderstorms help transfer the negative charges back to
Earth.

Question 6. Explain How To Calculate Response Time In

Client-server Technology?
Answer :
This can be done by measureing the time taken by the first
byte to reach the client (TTFB) and the time taken by the last
byte of the response to reach the client (TTLB) by using
various network bandwidths between the client and the
server.

Question 7. How To Delete A Entire Linked List?

Answer :
You delete a linked list by iterating through the list and
deleting the nodes one by one.
o Begin at the head
o Get address of first node
o Get address of next node
o Delete first node
o Do not to access next of the current node after deleting
the current node.
o Move next node to first node
o Repeat
If the list is empty, the head pointer will be NULL.

Question 8. Define Rom Image And Explain Each Section Of

A Rom Image In An Exemplary System?
Answer :
A ROM image captures the data from a read-only memory
chip, such as hardware firmware, video and arcade game
boards, etc. It is often used for emulation.

Question 9. Explain What Is The Difference Between Process

And Thread With Real Time Examples?
Answer :
o Threads share the address space of the process that
created it; processes have their own address.
o Threads have direct access to the data segment of its
process; processes have their own copy of the data segment
of the parent process.
o Threads can directly communicate with other threads of
its process; processes must use interprocess communication
to communicate with sibling processes.
o Threads have almost no overhead; processes have
considerable overhead.
o New threads are easily created; new processes require
duplication of the parent process.
o Threads can exercise considerable control over threads
of the same process; processes can only exercise control over
child processes.
o Changes to the main thread (cancellation, priority
change, etc.) may affect the behavior of the other threads of
the process; changes to the parent process does not affect
child processes.

Question 10. How To Increase Transfer Rate Of An Hard

Disk?
Answer :
See if any among these helps to increase Hard disk transfer
rate...
o Try using RAID setup
o In Device Manager under ATA/ATAPI Controllers verify if
the hard disk is running in UDMA mode.
o Update motherboard chipset drivers
o Under Properties of the drive, Hardware Tab ->
Properties of the hard disk:
o Enable write caching
o Enable advanced performance

Question 11. What Are The Advantages & Disadvantages Of

Vertical Cluster & Horizontal Cluster? Which Is The Best?
Why?
Answer :
In horizontally clustered environment, cluster-enabled
application is deployed on multiple physical machines. Each
machine is available for requests. Horizontal clusters offers
protection over hardware failure, increases efficiency,
provides load balancing and process failover.
However, since there are many number of physical machines
involved the installation and maintenance cost increases
proportionally.
In Vertical clustering, multiple application server instances
are hosted on the same physical machine. This type of
clustering provides increased efficiency, load balancing and
process failover. However, if hardware fails then there may
not be ready alternative.

Question 12. Explain Cdrom Access Is Random Or Semi

Random Or Sequential?
Answer :
CDROM access is sequential.
Magnetic sequential access memory is typically used for
secondary storage in general-purpose computers due to their
higher density at lower cost compared to RAM, as well as
resistance to wear and non-volatility. Examples of SAM
devices still in use include hard disks, CD-ROMs and magnetic
tapes. Historically, drum memory has also been used.

Question 13. What Is Dirty Dimension?

Answer :
If a Record occurs more than one time in a table by the
difference of a non-key attribute then such a dimension is
called Dirty Dimemsion.

Question 14. What Is The Hierarchy Levels In Data

Warehousing Concepts Level?
Answer :
In-accurate data is often termed as dirty data and has been
characterized as missing data, wrong data and compound
data with different representations.
Ex. :- customer dimension in which the same person can
appear multiple times probably not with exactly the same
spellings or other attributes.

Question 15. Give One Real Time Application Where Static

Variables Are Used?
Answer :
Thinks of a situation where you need to do some work just
once in a function irrespective of how many times that
function is invoked then u can have a static variable which
will keep a track of it. eg int main () { static int once = 0; if
(!once) { once++; /*code need to be executed once*/ }
/*reset of the code*/ }

Question 16. What Is A Lowest Level Computer Language?

Answer :
8085 Assembly language is widely known as the lowest level
language
Question 17. How To Implement "queue" Functionality By
Using "2 Stacks"?
Answer :
o Take 2 empty stacks.
o Fill the 1st stack with some items (eg: input 100, 101,
102, 103).
o Now read the items from 1st stack in LIFO order and
write to 2nd stack. (By this the 2nd stack will get the items in
the order .. 103, 102, 101, 100)
o Now read the items from 2nd stack in LIFO order i.e. the
output will be 100, 101, 102, 103. (this is the queue order
FIFO with respect to the actual items entered in 1st stack.)

Question 18. What Is Multitasking?

Answer :
Two or more process run concurrently called MultiTasking.
There are two types of multitasking.
o Process-based.
o Thread-based.
Process-based multitasking allows your computer to run two
or more programs concurrently.
Thread-based multitasing means single program can perform
two or more task simultaneously.

Question 19. What Is How Chat Server Works?

Answer :
throgh a socket programming bidirectional commumication.

Question 20. Give The Complete Difference Between

Database, Relational Database And Object Database?
Answer :
o A database is an organized collection of information. It is
structured so you can jump to the information by using a key,
and find related infromation by navigating a path. A
sequential (flat) file is not considered a database.
o A relational database contains one-to-many
relationships.
o A networked database contains one-to-many and many-
to-many relationships.

Question 21. Why Don't We Give A & Before Reading A

String In C Language?
Answer :
scanf("%s",str); why is it not scanf("%s",&str);
We don't give an & before reading a string. This is so because
a string is a character array. For an array, be it integer or
character or any other array, declared as int a[10] or char
str[20], the name 'a' or 'str' stores the base address of the
array, that is the address of the memory location where the
array is starting. The scanf statement requires the address of
the location to store the value input by the user. Since str
already stores the address of the memory location we do not
need to add the & before it.

Question 22. How To Hide A Text In Cognos Reportnet?

Answer :
yes, we can hide by 2 possible options.
o make the box type none to the text.
o Use boolean.

Question 23. Explain What Is The Osi Model?

Answer :
OSI is Open System Interface Model. It is a concept which is
used to make data transfer in steps. There are 7 layers and
each layer interact with its counterpart. earlier a product
made by any abc co was able to communicate with the same
company product. to communicate with different co's
products it was created. as it's name shows "OPEN System
Interface".

Question 24. Tell Me How Can We Check Out The Files From
Cvs?
Answer :
In GUI mode i.e winCVS, On menubar,there is checkout
option.In that u can click and select the module that you
want to check out.
In UNIX mode,you have to execute the following comand,
>CVS checkout -r

Question 25. Explain What Are The Differences Between

Desktop And Enterprise Application?
Answer :
Desktop application runs on a single machine. It could be a
part of network. But Application and database resides on
same machine. And only one user can access it at a
time.Enterprise application is generally a multi-tier
application. Many a concurrent users can access data and
application at a time.
Question 26. What Is Virtual Memory Under Linux?
Answer :
Linux supports virtual memory, that is, using a disk as an
extension of RAM so that the effective size of usable memory
grows correspondingly. The kernel will write the contents of
a currently unused block of memory to the hard disk so that
the memory can be used for another purpose. When the
original contents are needed again, they are read back into
memory. This is all made completely transparent to the user;
programs running under Linux only see the larger amount of
memory available and don't notice that parts of them reside
on the disk from time to time. Of course, reading and writing
the hard disk is slower (on the order of a thousand times
slower) than using real memory, so the programs don't run
as fast. The part of the hard disk that is used as virtual
memory is called the swap space.

Question 27. How To Remove Sections In Report In

Reportnet?
Answer :
To remove a section, do the following:
Steps :
o Delete the section header.
o From the View menu, click Page Structure.
o Expand Page Body until you see the data container in
which you added the section. The data container is nested in
the List object that is created when you add a section.
o Drag the data container to Page Body. The data
container appears as a node of Page Body.
o Delete the List object. In the Query Explorer, the query
that is created when you add a section is also deleted.
o From the View menu, click Page Design.
o In the Insertable Objects pane, click the Query Items
tab.
o Drag the query item that was used as a section header
back into the data container.

Question 28. Explain How To Write A Class In C++ Using

Only One Object?
Answer :
class singleten{ static int count; singleten() { if (count==1) {
exit(0); } count++; }}singleten::count =0;void main(){singleten
s1;singleten s2;}program is terminated as soon as second
object is created.
Question 29. Explain What Is Actually Meant For Buffer?
How Does It Work?
Answer :
Buffer is something that is used to hold the data temporarly.
Ex- If we are watching any thing online,then buffering of data
takes place i.e for sometime data get stored in buffer then
processed.

Question 30. A Function Is Running, It Has Its Own Stack

Pointer, Memory Area Now It Invokes Another Function
From This Point What Changes Will Be In Its Memory Area
And What Other Changes In Data Segment, Stack Segment,
Heap Segment. I Want A Complete Picture Of Memory
Architecture?
Answer :
There will be a lot of changes in fact. First of all, all the
variables the function was suing needs to be pushed into the
stack. (we need all these variables when we return from the
other function). The Program counter will be pushed to stack
too... (When the "return" of second function occurs we
should know where to 'return' to)These are the basics which
are bound to happen when a function calls another.
Question 31. Tell Me Can We Execute Any Simple Program
Without Installing Any Operating System?
Answer :
No! we can not run any simple program with out using any
interface such as operatin systen or System software. but in
some cases like Machine level languge or firmware run
without any software because it directlly communicate with
hardware and makes the hardware active so other program
can run using his platform.

Question 32. Tell Me How To Execute 13,000 Test Cases In A

Faster Way In Manual Testing?
Answer :
Cannot execute 13,000 FTS faster. First need to analyse the
severity and priority of the functionality wise and then the
selected test alone have to execute

Question 33. What Is The Difference Between Review And

Walkthrough? On Testing Perspective ,who Will Do Review
And Walkthrough? Clarify With An Real Example?
Answer :
In laymans term walk-through is nothing but running thru the
requirements while review is making an analysis of the
progress and if the case may be a change has to be
recommended

Question 34. What Is Meant By Inspection And Who Will

Lead The Inspection And Roles Involved In Inspection?
Answer :
Review if more formal than walkthrough .Walkthrough is
done with a purpose of gain understanding of system and
learning.

Question 35. Define Raster And Vector Data. Explain What

Is The Difference Between Raster And Vector Data?
Answer :
Raster data is a set of horizontal lines composed of individual
pixels, used to form an image on a CRT or other screen.Raster
data makes use of matrix of square areas to define where
features are located. These squares are typically of uniform
size, and their size determines the detail that can be
maintained in the dataset.Raster data represent square
areas, they describe interiors rather than boundaries. Vector
data use X and Y coordinates to define the locations of
points, lines, and areas (polygons) that correspond to map
features, vector data tend to define centers and edges of
features.They are excellent for capturing and storing spatial
details

Question 36. What Is The Part Of Compiler That Keeps Track

Of Names And Their Attributes?
Answer :
symbol table

Question 37. Planning To Start A Career As A Manual Tester

,is Taking A Course Compulsory Or Can I Get The Subject By
Referring Through Information On Internet?,does Manual
Testers Use Any Tools In Real Time
Answer :
Not necessary that you have to take any course provided if
you are not fresher. Suppose if you are working in any
company as design engineer, then as you have the domain
knowledge working as end user. Then you can definitely use
this knowledge to test the software and find bugs. And
regarding processes and tools used every company has
different strategy which can be managed or learn once you
get into that company.
Question 38. What Kind Of Useful Task Does Stacks
Support?
Answer :
Stack supports four major computing areas,they are
1.expression evaluation.
2.subroutine return address storage.
3.dynamically allocated local variable storage.
4.subroutine parameter passing.

Question 39. Tell Me What Are Application Clusters In Crm?

Answer :
CRM application cluster is a software that ranges in size and
complexity making it possible for an organization to select
the type of software needed the most. It consists of how a
customer is related to sales,marketing and
fulfillment,customer service and support,retention and
loyalty program and contact and account management.

Question 40. Tell Me What Is The Difference Between

Connecting To Rdbms Using Odbc And Native Drivers?
Answer :
ODBC is an open standard for software providers to follow
when creating an intermidate layer between the database
and the application using the database. Having "open
standards" usually means that different applications can
write their code the same way no matter which database
they are using, as long as that database comes with an ODBC
driver.In contrast, native drivers are built with one specific
database in mind. Thus, applications written to use the native
driver will only work with one particular database. You will
lose flexibility in your code's ability to switch database
vendors, but you might gain performance enhancements due
to the fact that the driver is custom made for the database
and may be able to take advantage of an "insider's view" of
the database software.

Question 41. Explain Virtual Function?

Answer :
virtual functions are the functions by which we can
implement the concept of polymorphism ,ie one name with
several distinct forms.a f'n preceded by a virtual keyword
makes a function virtual means the compiler turns on the
mechanism to perform late binding or dynamic binding.more
of all,the same function name can be used to perform
different tasks .
Question 42. What Is Data Modelling?
Answer :
Data Modelling is designing of the data content and structure
of the database.
The data model documents the structure of and
interrelationships between the data - it is presented as a
combination of simple diagrams and written definitions and
is independent of any DBMS software or hardware
considerations.

Question 43. Explain What Are Dangling Pointers,virtual

Constructors And Virtual Destructors?
Answer :
char *str=new str;char *str1=new str1;strcpy(str,str1);delete
str;at this time str will act as dangling pointer because when
str1 is copied to str ,then it will create the deep copy,so when
when we will delete that one then still thare is existing of its
instance.That is called dangling pointer.

Question 44. Explain Can You Deploy Mercury Quicktest

Professional On Mercury Managed Service?
Answer :
Yes. Mercury Managed Services can provide you the benefits
of fast time to value, on-going mentoring and lower total cost
of ownership for Mercury QuickTest Professional as long as
you are also utilizing Mercury Managed Services for Quality
Center.

Question 45. What Is Paging?

Answer :
Pageing is a memory Management technique which allows
users program memory to be non continus, the technique is
used to remove the problem of external fragmentation.In
this technique entire user Memory is divided into fixed size
page frames, a Page Map table is used to map the user
process pages to physical memory page.

Question 46. What Is Swapping?

Answer :
Swapping is to chance the value to each other in
c++#include#includevoid main(){Int a,b;cout<<"Enter the
value of a ::::"<>a;cout<<"Enter the value of b
::::"<>b;a=a+b;b=a-b;a=a-b;cout<
Question 47. I Want To Run Unix Script From Windows
Batch File That Will Connect Automatically To Unix With
Username And Password. Can Anybody Help Me How I Can
Write The Script File?
Answer :
If you are looking at connecting to a *nix machine from
windows then you can very well use a windows batch file.
The latest windows scripting package provides pretty
powerful tools similar to *nix scripting.Or you can try
installing Cygwin which will provide the windows port of *nix
tools that are usually used in *nix scripts.But if you are
running it from windows then the best one would be to write
a windows batch file.

Question 48. When The Variables Are Pushed Into The

Stack, Which Method Is Used To Retrieve Them From It
Answer :
pop method is used for retrieving variables from stack

Question 49. How Do I Put A Background On A Website

Using Css Coding?
Answer :
If you want to put background color you can use background-
color property of CSS in body tag.
If you want to put background image you can use
background-image property of CSS in body tag.

Question 50. Suppose If Get Method Is Less Secure Than

Post Method Then Why They Introduced Get Method.and
Well Use Only Post Method Alone. Wats The Need For Get
Here?
Answer :
o Using GET method form data is appended to URL while
using POST method it is transferred in the message body.
o GET method is intended for information retrieval. It
should be used to retrieve information that do not change
state of server.
o For functions such as login, POST method is preferable
due to security reasons.

Question 51. Explain The Term "non Volatile Memory"

States?
Answer :
1. that memory is retained in the memory unit for some time
even after power failure to the memory unit.
2. that memory is lost by power failure but regained as soon
as power is restored.
3. that memory is retained in the memory unit at higher
temperature.
4. that memory is retained in the memory unit for years after
power failure to the memory unit.

Question 52. What Is The Main Difference Between

Portability And Platform Independent?
Answer :
I agree it is correct to say that Java is platform independent,
but it is due to the Java Virtual Machine. Java programs are
only intermediately compiled, which allows adaptation to the
given environment it needs to run in later.
An example of a portability issue is the creation of Unix. The
first version was not portable. It was specific only to that
computer's architecture. Unix became portable when it was
rewritten in C. The new version written in C was portable
because C served as a "translator", if you will, between what
underlying architecture or devices were physically in the
computer and what unix wanted them to do.

Question 53. How To Count Number Of Html Pages In A

Website?
Answer :
you can write a simple ASP program to run against the root
directory of the website.

Question 54. Tell Me What Is The Difference Between

Collision Domain And Broad Cast Domain?
Answer :
A collision domain is a logical area in a computer network
where data packets can "collide" with one another, in
particular in the Ethernet networking protocol. The more
collisions in a network the less efficient it is.
A broadcast domain is a logical area in a computer network
where any computer connected to the computer network
can directly transmit to any other in the domain without
having to go through a routing device.

Question 55. Explain The Difference Between Update, Verify

And Debug Mode?
Answer :
These definitions are for winrunner Run modes
o Verify: When ever we want to check the behavior of an
application and to save the result we use verify run mode.
o update: When ever we want to create a new expected
results for GUi checkpoints and Bitmap checkpoint we use
update run mode.
o Debug: When ever we want to run a script after update
without any errors in syntax we use Debug run mode.

Question 56. How To Download The Whole Website Not

Internet Example Some Small Data Related Websites?
Answer :
by using any website copier software.

Question 57. Explain What Is Port? What Is Http Port, Ftp

Port, Telnet Port And Others?
Answer :
ports are like different gates of the building. Each gate is
having its own function.
o HTTP Port : it will allow only HTTP people. It
communicates in HTTP protocol. any request with http:// ..
HTTP.. is Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
o FTP Port : File Transfer Protocol.... used to upload and
download files..... used to update websites from the local
machine... it requires FTP host name, username and
password.. and on the host machine FTP services should be
enabled.
o Telnet port: telenetting with other computer in hybrid
environment... from thin client to server..

Question 58. Explain How Search Engines Work?

Answer :
Indexing. Searching. Web search engines work by storing
information about many web pages, which they retrieve from
the HTML markup of the pages. These pages are retrieved by
a Web crawler (sometimes also known as a spider) - an
automated Web crawler which follows every link on the site.

Question 59. How To Remove A Column From Table?

Answer :
You can remove a column but first of all you should see that
column doest have any values and it should not be a primary
key.
ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN

Question 60. Tell Me What Is The Difference Between Client

Response Time And Server Response Time?
Answer :
The major difference between the response time between a
client & server is of - response time.
Usually client response time is lesser in comparison to the
server response time.