MODULE - 1 Types of Libraries and Information Centres

LIBRARY, INFORMATION
AND SOCIETY

2
Notes

TYPES OF LIBRARIES AND

INFORMATION CENTRES

2.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous lesson, you have learnt about the need, importance and functions
of a library in the society. You have read that libraries play an important role
in socio-economic, cultural and educational development of a society. The
libraries strengthen literacy among the people. Library services improve
knowledge and skills of people for positive productivity thereby contributing
to national development. There are many types of libraries throughout the world.
In this lesson, you will learn about different types of libraries and their functions
in the present day society. We will discuss each type of library along with
examples.

2.2 OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, you will be able to:
 identify the type of a library, viz., Public, Academic, Special and National;
 explain the parameters (users, collections and services) for categorizing the
libraries;
 illustrate the objectives, functions and services of each type of library;
 list various levels of academic and public libraries; and
 give examples of each type of library.

2.3 TYPE OF LIBRARIES

Libraries can be categorised into the following four types, i.e. Academic, Public,
Special and National libraries. The public libraries function with special

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reference to present day information society and serve general public. Academic
libraries are those that are part of the educational institutions, ranging from
primary schools to universities. The special libraries are a natural outcome of
need for information support to research and development, business, industry,
etc. A national library acquires all documents of and about a nation under some
legal provision and represents publications of and about the whole nation. Notes
Different types of libraries emerged due to increase in number of users,
enormous increase in information resources in all disciplines and demand for
different types of services by the users.
In the subsequent sections, you will read more about the need, objectives,
functions and services of each type of library.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.1

1. Give the reasons for categorizing the libraries.
2. What are the different types of libraries identified to meet the requirements
of users?

2.4 PUBLIC LIBRARY

A public library is a social institution. It plays a significant role in the welfare
of a society. There are a number of factors responsible for the evolution of public
libraries. These are:
 Peoples’ urge for knowledge
 Improvement of literacy level through self-education
 As an Information dissemination centre
 Need for life- long learning centre
 To be Community’s intellectual centre
 As a Recreation centre
 Advancements in science and technology
With the developments in computer and communication technologies, it is
possible for the public libraries to provide quick information through mass
media and internet.

2.4.1 Definition of a Public Library

A public library is a non-profit library established for the use of the general
public and maintained chiefly by public funds. In other words, a public library
is for the public, by the public and of the public. It provides service to every

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citizen irrespective of one’s birth, caste, colour, sex, social, economic and
educational standard without any cost. Libraries of all categories are generally
used for five purposes, i.e., education, information, recreation, aesthetic
appreciation and research. For example, Academic libraries are primarily used
for education and research. Special libraries are meant for information and
Notes research, but Public libraries are visited for all the five purposes.

UNESCO’s Public Library Manifesto

UNESCO formulated a Public Library Manifesto for member countries in 1949
and revised it in 1972. Later, in 1994, it prepared the Public Library Manifesto
in cooperation with the International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA). This manifesto is widely accepted by all countries. It
provides guidelines regarding objectives, activities and services of public
library; its funding, legislation and networks; its operations and management
and implementation of the Manifesto. It has specified the missions of the public
library. These are given below.

Missions of the Public Library

The following key missions that relate to information, literacy, education and
culture should be at the core of public library services:
1. creating and strengthening reading habits in children from an early age;
2. supporting both individual and self conducted education as well as formal
education at all levels;
3. providing opportunities for personal creative development;
4. stimulating the imagination and creativity of children and young people;
5. promoting awareness of cultural heritage, appreciation of the arts, scientific
achievements and innovations;
6. providing access to cultural expressions of all performing arts;
7. fostering inter-cultural dialogue and favouring cultural diversity;
8. supporting the oral tradition;
9. ensuring access for citizens to all sorts of community information;
10. providing adequate information services to local enterprises, associations
and interest groups;
11. facilitating the development of information and computer literacy skills;
and
12. supporting and participating in literacy activities and programmes for all
age groups, and initiating such activities, if necessary.
(Source: http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s8/unesco/eng.htm)

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In short, the UNESCO Public Library Manifesto suggests that a public library
is expected to play its role mainly in three principal areas viz. information,
education and culture. It has to serve as a:
 centre for information;
 centre for self-education; Notes
 centre for culture; and
 centre for local cultural materials.

2.4.2 The Objectives and Functions of Public Libraries

According to S. R. Ranganathan, the objectives and functions of a public library
are as given below.
i) Help the life-long self-education of one and all;
ii) Furnish up-to-date facts and information on all subjects to one and all;
iii) Distribute in an unbiased and balanced way all recorded information to
the citizens to help them discharge their duties towards local, national
and international affairs;
iv) Convey new knowledge to the researchers as early as possible;
v) Preserve the cultural heritage of the country;
vi) Provide facility for fruitful utilization of leisure time; and
vii) Work for the continued social well being of citizens as the in-charge of
all material.
The functions of the public libraries are, summarized below:
Most of the countries have legislation for public library system and they are
set up considering the organizational structure and geographical distribution to
reach all the people, i.e., in all states, districts and villages. In order to attract
users to the library and to sustain their interest in reading, the library organizes
cultural activities such as lectures, discussions, film shows, musical concerts,
plays and art exhibitions and story hours for children. It not only serves as a
repository of books, but as a cultural centre also. A public library, therefore,
plays a very important role in building well-informed, skilled and productive
citizens.

Examples of Public Libraries

1. Delhi Public Library, Delhi.
2. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna.
3. Connemara Public Library, Chennai

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INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.2

1. Briefly enumerate the functions of a public library as mentioned in the
UNESCO Public Library Manifesto.
Notes
2. Do you have a public library in your area/ state? If yes, mention the name.

2.5 ACADEMIC LIBRARY

The role of the library in any academic institution can be realized only in the
context of the institution’s philosophy of education. This is true of most of the
libraries of the world’s academic institutions. Education is a process of learning
with an aim to develop the capabilities among the people. Academic libraries
which comprise school, college and university libraries have normally four
types of users based on the level of education they cater to. These are:
a) Students
b) Teachers
c) Research scholars
d) Administrative, professional and other staff of the institution
Their objectives, functions, sources of finance, qualifications, designations, and
strength of staff differ according to the type of a library. Building up a collection
of books, periodicals, reference books and other multiple media material
constitutes an integral part of learning, teaching and research. The services such
as provision of reading facilities, lending and reference services, etc., also vary
in these libraries.

The objectives of an Academic Library are to:

 serve the needs of the academic community;
 collect and store all kinds of reading and reference material;
 provide reading areas for users;
 render lending service appropriate to students, teachers and researchers;
 provide an active reference and information service.
Academic libraries are grouped into three categories. These are:
1. School libraries
2. College libraries
3. University libraries

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2.5.1 School Libraries
In India, schools are further divided into four groups according to the levels
of education they cater to. Schools can therefore be primary, middle, secondary,
and senior secondary.

Notes
Objectives of School Libraries
All types of schools have a library with the objectives to:
 awaken and foster interest in reading books;
 create love for books;
 promote reading habits; and
 inculcate communication skills through extra curricular activities like story
telling, viewing and discussions on audio/visual programmes workshops
etc.

Functions of School Libraries

In order to attract students to the library and develop their interest and curiosity,
a school library should:
 acquire a good stock of teaching - learning material for students and
teachers;
 display books in classified order;
 provide functional physical facilities such as building, furniture and
equipment; and
 hire qualified committed staff.
Schools at primary, secondary and senior secondary levels require similar
consideration as mentioned above. The school library services include:
 Lending
 Reading
 Reference service, and
 Guidance and advisory services with the objective of inculcating interest
of children for reading books and other reading material.

Examples of School Library

1. Delhi Public School Library, New Delhi
2. Kulachi Hansraj Model School Library, Delhi

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INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.3

1. What are the primary objectives of a school library?
2. Why is display of new books important for school children?
Notes

2.5.2 College Library

The support of a library at the college level is essential to broaden the minds
of the young students to meet new challenges. Compared to school education,
college education is totally different for students. There are a large number of
students in each class, and therefore, it is not possible for the teachers to give
individual attention to each student. However, the students have to, depend on
college library for their studies and develop a habit of self-learning. College
libraries are further classified in four categories, viz.,
(1) Junior colleges
(2) Degree colleges
(3) Postgraduate colleges, and
(4) Professional colleges.

Objectives of a College Library

The chief objectives of a college library are to:
 give the enrolled students a wider and deeper understanding of the various
disciplines;
 provide guidance to students for higher studies and self-learning;
 prepare the students for shouldering higher responsibilities inschools,
government departments, civic organizations, commercial establishments,
business and industrial companies, etc. ;
 train them to become more enlightened, knowledgeable and responsible
citizens; and
 prepare them for varied professions like law, medicine, engineering,
technology, etc.

Functions of a College Library

The basic functions of a college library are to:
 assist its parent body to carry out the requirements of its teachers and
students regarding reading, study and research;
 provide physical facilities such as functional building, furniture, equipment,
etc. ;

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 provide latest editions and multiple copies of curriculum based textbooks
and recommended books for their study;
 equip the library with a wide range of reference books;
 develop collection of latest books in different subjects and periodicals
including their back volumes;
Notes
 procure multiple media material and computer-aided teaching – learning
material;
 subscribe to important newspapers and other light material such as popular
fiction, biographies, travelogues, art books, etc. for recreation purpose;
and
 preserve previous years’ question papers to help the students.

College Library Services

College library staff provides the following services:
 Provide reading, lending and textbook services;
 Guide students in the use of manual or computer catalogue;
 Assist in locating books and reference books from the shelves;
 Train and instruct students to use library resources in an effective and
efficient manner
 Provide information, reference and referral services to all library members;
 Display new books and lists of multiple media material;
 Procure adequate multiple media material and equipment to render them
usable; and
 Reprographic service.

Library Committee
In every college, there is a library committee. The Principal happens to be the
Chairman of the Library Committee in which the Librarian is the Member-
Secretary. A few senior faculty members and outside library experts are the other
members of the library committee. The librarian has the executive responsibility
for the day to day management whereas overall policy decisions for the
development of the library are taken by the Committee members. The major
sources of finance of a college library are grants from the UGC, State
Government, fees and fines from the students.

Examples of College Libraries

1. Kirori Mal College Library, Delhi
2. Lakshmibai College Library, Delhi
3. Government College of Technology Library, Coimbatore.
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INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.4

1. What is the composition of the Library Committee of a College?
2. Mention at least three services of a college library that are different from
Notes that of a school library.

2.5.3 University Library

In India, a number of universities have grown very fast since 1947. The growth
is evident from the growing number of students’ enrollment, research scholars,
courses in varied disciplines and multi-disciplines, creation of a number of new
departments, research projects and a large number of faculty members. There
are different types of universities such as conventional, professional, deemed,
and open universities.
A university library is established, administered and maintained to assist the
university in five major functions such as - teaching and learning; research and
generation of new knowledge; dissemination and publication of research results;
conservation of knowledge and ideas; and extension programmes. The university
libraries have to play a very challenging and difficult role to satisfy the demands
of larger group of students, research and post-doctoral research scholars,
members of the various academic and executive bodies of the management,
administrative and professional staff of the university.

Objectives of a University Library

A University library plays a very important role by supporting and helping the
university in achieving its aims and objectives. It has to cope with the
multidimensional activities of the university. The objectives of a university
library are to:
 provide intellectual and managerial leadership among the professionals in
various fields of government, industry, health, engineering, law, medicine,
defence, education, agriculture and inculcate in them a sense of social
purpose;
 guide research workers in all areas mentioned above so that the results of
research could be harnessed to improve the quality of life of the people;
and
 conserve knowledge and ideas for posterity.

Functions of a University Library

The major functions of the university library are to:
 develop collections of print and media resources in a wide variety of
subjects for learning, teaching, research, publication, etc.;

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 organize and store the acquired collection/knowledge for use by the
readers;
 provide a variety of library, documentation and information services, both
responsive and anticipatory; and
 encourage students, researchers and teachers in using the library for Notes
pleasure, self-discovery, personal growth and sharpening of intellectual
skill.

Services of a University Library

The nature and efficiency of services provided vary from library to library. With
the introduction of information and communication technologies, most of the
university libraries have automated their library operations using Library
Management Software and are providing a variety of services which were not
provided before. University library provides services as mentioned below.
 Reading and lending service;
 Bibliographic instruction and library orientation;
 Assistance in the use of the library catalogue and locating documents;
 Reference and information services;
 Current Awareness Services (CAS);
 Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI);
 Bibliographic services;
 Inter-Library Loan (ILL) service;
 Reprographic services;
 Maintenance of News Paper Clippings;
 Maintenance of vertical files containing pamphlets, prospectuses, reports,
and question papers of previous years’ examinations;
 Reservation of documents;
 User education;
 Exhibition and special displays;
 Special lectures, demonstration of new software and services; and
 User oriented seminars, workshops.

University Library Committee

The university library is headed by a Chief Librarian. It is governed by the
statutory laws of the university. The library system is subjected to scrutiny and
evaluation by its academic and executive councils. A Library Advisory Committee

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is constituted and chaired by the Vice-Chancellor or his nominee with the
librarian as its member secretary and convener. The committee comprises some
senior members of the university faculty, library and information science experts
and a few scholars.
The library committee is responsible to lay down guiding principles and policies
Notes on all matters concerning academic and administrative affairs of the library
system. The Library Committee approves the budget prepared by the librarian
before it is sent to the Finance Committee. The main source of finance is
University Grants Commission (UGC), Central/State Government Grants, Fees
and Fines from the readers etc. It advises on the extraordinary purchase of bulk
collection, back volumes of periodicals, e-journals, furniture, equipment,
computers and communication hardware and software, and also acceptance of
major gift collection.

Examples of University Libraries

1. Delhi University Library
2. Jawaharlal Nehru University Library
3. Madras University Library

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.5

1. Enumerate the types of universities.
2. Who are the users of university library?

2.6 SPECIAL LIBRARY

Special libraries came into existence in the 20th century. A Special library deals
with special user groups, has special subject collections and renders special
services. These libraries are established to meet the information requirements
of the organisations to which they are attached. They are generally devoted
to Research and Development (R&D) activities and procure all types of
documents in the form of handbooks, technical reports, state-of-the-art reports,
bibliographies, current awareness bulletin, periodicals, indexes, abstracts,
directories, documentation lists and accession lists.

Definition of a Special Library

Harrod’s Librarians’ Glossary of Terms defines that a, “Special library is a
collection of books and other printed, graphic or recorded material dealing with
a limited field of knowledge and provided by a learned society, research
organization, industrial or commercial undertaking, government department or

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even an educational institution. It may also be a special branch of a public library
serving certain interests or occupational groups such as a technical library or
a special subject library, meeting the needs of all enquiries on that given subject
such as music library.

Objectives of a Special Library Notes

A special library is an integral part of a parent institution and fully supports
its programmes and activities. The main objectives of a special library are to
develop current as well as retrospective collection in core subjects based on the
projects and programmes of the parent organization. Their aim is to provide
promptly the latest information about the significant developments in the field
whenever requested by the users. It provides all types of academic, technical
and documentary support to render appropriate services to the specialists.

Functions and Services of a Special Library

A special library performs various functions and provides services as mentioned
below.
 Performs exhaustive literature search to compile comprehensive lists;
 Selects, procures, organizes, stores and retrieves current information
required by the users;
 Analyses, synthesizes and evaluates available information;
 Provides state-of-the-art-reports, critical reviews, monographs, research
reports, reprints,
 Provides indexes, abstracts and extracts;
 Prepares accession lists, bulletins, newsletters, summaries, handbooks or
manuals; bibliographies;
 Issues documents including inter-library loan;
 Renders reference and referral services; and
 Provides Current Awareness Services (CAS), Selective Dissemination of
Information (SDI), and Translation Services.

Type of Special Libraries

There are varied type of special libraries. They are –
 Government Libraries -
Parliament Library, New Delhi
Central Secretariat Library, New Delhi
 Libraries of Societies and Institutions –
U.P. Historical Society, Lucknow
World Poetry Society Intercontinental, Chennai

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 Industrial and Commercial Organisations –
Library of Larsen and Toubro, Mumbai
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Library, New Delhi
 Research Organisations –
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
Notes Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi
 Academic Institutions –
Indian Institute of Technology at New Delhi, Bombay, Chennai, Kanpur, etc.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, New Delhi
 Public Libraries –
New York Public Library, New York - Science Division
Delhi Public Library, New Delhi

Examples of Special Libraries

1. IIPM Library, New Delhi
2. National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.6

1. List the services usually rendered by a special library.
2. Name a few world renowned special libraries in the field of science,
technology and medicine.

2.7 NATIONAL LIBRARY

In most countries there is a national library maintained by national resources,
usually entrusted with the responsibility of publishing a national bibliography.
National libraries collect and preserve the nation’s literature. Most national
libraries receive, by legal right (or copyright, or deposit), one free copy of each
book and periodical printed in the country.
A National Library is a library specifically established and funded by the
government of a country to serve as the pre-eminent repository of information
for that country. In National Library, a limited number of books are lent out
to readers under certain terms and conditions. It rarely allows citizens to borrow
rare, valuable or significant works.

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Definition of a National Library
Harrod’s Librarians’ Glossary (1987) defines a National Library as a library
maintained out of government funds and serves the nation as a whole. The books
are mainly for reference. They usually receive material through legal deposit
legislation. The function of such a library is to collect and preserve for posterity
Notes
all the published records viz. books, periodicals, newspapers and other printed
and multimedia material of the country’s cultural heritage. This is best done
by a law requiring publishers to deposit copies of all publications produced by
them and by purchasing books on their country published in other countries.
A legal deposit normally has penalty clauses to enable the act to be enforced.

Objectives and Functions of a National Library

The main objective of a National Library is to identify, acquire, organize, store
and retrieve all print and non-print documents published within or on a
particular country and by or on all the nationals of that country in other
countries.
The functions of the national library recommended in the Final Report of the
Regional Seminar on the Development of National Library in Asia and Pacific
Area held in Manila in 1964 are to :
 provide leadership among the nation’s libraries;
 serve as a permanent depository for all publications issued in the
country;
 acquire other types of material;
 provide bibliographical services;
 serve as a coordinating centre for co-operative activities; and
 provide service to the government.

Examples of National Libraries

There are comprehensive National Libraries of the countries performing all
activities and functions. They are:
1. The National Library of India, India
http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/
2. The Library of Congress (LC), USA
http://www.loc.gov/index.html
3. The British Library, UK
http://www.bl.uk/

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4. The National Library of Canada, Canada
http://www.ottawakiosk.com/national_library.html
In the last few decades, the activities of National Libraries have expanded
considerably. Consequently, several of these activities and functions are shared
Notes by a few National Libraries that have emerged in different countries and are
grouped by their (a) functions; (b) subjects, (c) special groups served, (d) type
of material collected, (e) sub-national serving a geographical area, or a cultural
group, and (f) sharing functions. They are as under –
S. No. Type Area/Function Example

1. By functions Lending British Library Document Supply

Service, UK

2. By subject Medicine a) National Medical

Agriculture Library, India

b) National Agricultural
Library, USA

3. By special group Blind a) National Library of

served the Blind, UK

4. Sub-national serving Area/State Cultural a) National Library of

a geographical area Group Wales, U.K.
or cultural group b) National Library of
Serbia, Serbia.

5. By sharing Sharing functions State & University of Aarhus,

Denmark

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.7

1. How is a Special Library different from a National Library?
2. Search the internet to find out if there is any library which cater to the
needs of deaf and mute (a) in our country (b) in other countries.

WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT

 In this lesson, we have introduced you to different types of libraries that
fulfill the information needs of various people.

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 We have discussed the definition, objectives, functions, user-groups and
services rendered by each type of library, i.e., Academic, Special, Public,
and National libraries. As a whole, these libraries serve the purpose of
varied users from a general approach to a particular approach.
 Acquaintance with these types of libraries, their nature of collections,
Notes
functions and services shall encourage you to know more and more about
these libraries at higher level.
 Public libraries are social institutions that offer information dissemination
services to various public groups. The collection is based on social,
political, economic and cultural subjects.
 Academic libraries serve the students, teachers and research scholars.
 Special libraries serve specialists/researchers in special fields.
 National libraries cater to entire nation having all types of collections in
all languages.
 There is no sharp distinction between different types of libraries.
Management, engineering and medical college libraries are academic as
well as special libraries. Public libraries can make positive attempts to
develop collection for special groups of adult learners.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS
1. Write down the important functions of a public library.
2. Describe the functions of a college library.
3. State the functions of any special library you have visited.

ANSWERS TO INTEXT QUESTIONS

2.1
1. Categorization of libraries emerged due to increasing number of users,
enormous number of information resources in all disciplines, and demands
for varied kinds of information.
2. The four types of libraries identified to meet the requirements of the users
are academic libraries, special libraries, public libraries, and national
libraries.

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2.2
1. The functions of a Public Library as given in the UNESCO Manifesto for
Public Libraries are summarized below. It has to serve as:
 centre for Information;
Notes
 centre for Self-Education;
 centre for Culture; and
 centre for Local Cultural Materials.
2. Open ended. Answers will vary.
2.3
1. The objectives of school library are to awaken and foster interest in reading
books; create love for books; promote reading habits; and inculcate
communication skills.
2. To motivate children to browse through new books and to raise their
awareness about new kinds of books in different areas.
2.4
1. In a college, the Principal is the Chairman and the Librarian is the Member-
Secretary of the Library Committee. A few members of the faculty and an
outside library expert constitute the Library Committee of a college library.
2. Three services of college libraries, that are different from a school library
are follows:-
 reprographic services;
 train students to make efficient use of available library resources; and
 help students to consult manual or computer catalogues.
2.5
1. There are four types of universities. These are conventional universities,
professional universities, deemed universities, and open universities.
2. A large number of students, M.Phil and Ph.D students, post-doctoral
research scholars, members of the various academic and executive bodies,
and the management, administrative and professional staff of the university
are the users of the university library.

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2.6
1. A special library usually renders the following services.
 Performs exhaustive literature search to compile comprehensive lists;
 Selects, procures, organizes, stores and retrieves current information Notes
required by the users;
 Analyses, synthesizes and evaluates available information;
 Provides state-of-the-art-reports, critical reviews, monographs, research
reports, reprints,
 Provides indexes, abstracts and extracts;
 Prepares accession lists, bulletins, newsletters, summaries, handbooks
or manuals, bibliographies, etc.;
 Issue of documents including inter-library loan;
 Renders reference and referral services; and
 Provides services like Current Awareness Services (CAS), Selective
Dissemination of Information (SDI), and Translation Services.
2. Open ended. Answers will vary.
2.7
1. A special library acquires special collection and renders specialized
information and documentation services to specialized users, whereas a
national library acquires all types of collection in all languages and
provides general to specialized services to all needy users.
2. Open ended. Answers will vary.

GLOSSARY
Anticipatory Information Service: The service provided by the libraries in
anticipation of the demands from the users.
Bibliography: The arrangement of books and audio-visual material in a logical
order giving author, title, date, place and publisher, edition, page, etc.
Biographical works: They are usually non-fiction personal life description, but
fiction can also be used to portray a person’s life.
Biography: A biography is a detailed description or account of someone’s life.
Inter-Library Loan: It is a service whereby a user of one library can borrow

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 MODULE - 1 Types of Libraries and Information Centres
LIBRARY, INFORMATION
AND SOCIETY
books or receive photocopies of documents that are owned by another
library.
Mass Media: Medium of communicating with the masses like T.V., Radio,
Film, Newspapers, etc.
Notes Non-Print Material/Non-book Material/Media Material: Library materials
which do not fall within the definition of a book, periodical or pamphlet
and require special handling. Such material comprises audio-visual,
photographic, electronic and digital, material.
Repository: A place where materials are deposited under special conditions
- commonly refers to a location for storage, often for safety or preservation.
Reprographic Service: A photocopying service of pages from books or
journals available to users in a library.
Responsive Information Service: Library services provided on demand when
a person either visits the library or requests on phone or through email.
State-of-the-Art-Report: A report on the development of a specific subject
field or problem by a systematic, exhaustive and critical review of
published and non-published material.
Technical Report: Is a document that describes the process, progress or results
of technical or scientific research or state of a technical or scientific
research problem.

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
1. Visit at least one public, school, college, university and special library
located in your locality in order to get first hand information and an idea
about these libraries.
2. After visiting the library, submit a write-up of at least 500 words about any
one kind of library mentioned above.
3. Visit the website of the National Library of India, Kolkata. Write down the
chief activities of the National Library.

WEBSITES
1. http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/librarycareerssite/
typesoflibraries
2. http://lis510-libraries.wikispaces.com/Different+types+of+libraries
3. http://theindexer.hubpages.com/hub/The-three-main-types-of-library
4. http://www.netugc.com/librarians-in-different-types-of-libraries
32 LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE