INF210 Lec3 Data Structures
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Nader YasserINF210 Lec3 Data Structures
Uploaded by
Nader YasserData Structures
INF 210
Fall 2022-2023
Lecture 3
One & Two -Dimensional Arrays
INSTRUCTOR
DR/ AYMAN SOLIMAN & DR/ OSAMA FAROUK
Ø Contents
1) Introduction 9) 2-Dimensional Arrays
2) Array Basics 10) Arrays as a Data Structure – Accessing
3) Array Names 11) Arrays as a Data Structure - Searching
4) Parallel Arrays 12) Arrays as a Data Structure - Inserting
5) Array Types and size 13) Arrays as a Data Structure - Deleting
6) Creating Arrays 14) Pros and Cons
7) Numerical Indexes
8) Replacing information in an Array
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Arrays
One -Dimensional Two -Dimensional
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One –Dimensional Array
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1) Introduction
Ø The array is a common data structure taught in most programming classes...
§ But today we’ll be covering the Array more in-depth as a data structure
Time Complexity Storage Methods
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
Ø Can be used to store anything
§ Usernames
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
Ø Can be used to store anything
§ Usernames
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
Ø Can be used to store anything
§ Usernames
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
Ø Can be used to store anything
§ Usernames
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
Ø Can be used to store anything , 7,8,9,
, 4, 5, 6
0,1,2,3 1...
§ Usernames 10,1
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
“H
Ø Can be used to store anything ell
oW
or
§ Usernames ld”
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 11
q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array is fundamentally a list of similar values
3.141
Ø Can be used to store anything 46264 592653589
33832 79323
71693 9502884 8
7
§ Usernames 99375 19
10
§ High Scores
§ Prices
Ø Store values of the same type
§ Integer
§ String
§ Float
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø Every item in the list of data is referred to as an “element”
Ø The collective total of elements is the array
Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø Every item in the list of data is referred to as an “element”
Ø The collective total of elements is the array
Array
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø Every item in the list of data is referred to as an “element”
Ø The collective total of elements is the array
This is going to be true for almost all Data Structures we
talk about,so keep this in mind
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array usually has 3 attributes
§ A Name
§ A Type
§ A Size
Name Type Size
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q The Array - Array Names
Ø A name is simply a name for the array
§ Used to reference and interact with it
Names “John Smith” “Gary Vee” “David Lee” “Adam Knox”
Salaries 10,000 12,500 8,750 15,000
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q The Array - Array Names
Ø A name is simply a name for the array
§ Used to reference and interact with it
Names “John Smith” “Gary Vee” “David Lee” “Adam Knox”
Salaries 10,000 12,500 8,750 15,000
Search through “Salaries” Array
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q The Array - Array Names
Ø A name is simply a name for the array
§ Used to reference and interact with it
Names “John Smith” “Gary Vee” “David Lee” “Adam Knox”
Salaries 10,000 12,500 8,750 15,000
Search through “Names” Array
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q The Array - Parallel Arrays
Ø These are also examples of parallel arrays
§ 2 or more arrays which…
o Contain the same number of elements
o Have corresponding values in the same position
Names “John Smith” “Gary Vee” “David Lee” “Adam Knox”
Salaries 10,000 12,500 8,750 15,000
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q The Array - Parallel Arrays
Ø These are also examples of parallel arrays
§ 2 or more arrays which…
o Contain the same number of elements
o Have corresponding values in the same position
Names “John Smith” “Gary Vee” “David Lee” “Adam Knox”
Salaries 10,000 12,500 8,750 15,000
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q The Array - Parallel Arrays
Ø Parallel arrays are extremely useful for storing differing types of data about the
same entity
Names “John Smith” “Gary Vee” “David Lee” “Adam Knox”
Salaries 10,000 12,500 8,750 15,000
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q The Array - Array Types
Ø An array’s type
§ what type of information is stored or will be stored within that array
§ MUST hold all the same type of information
Wrong “Hello” 5 2 “World”
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q The Array - Array Types
Ø An array’s type
§ what type of information is stored or will be stored within that array
§ MUST hold all the same type of information
Wrong “Hello” 5 2 “World”
Right 5 2
Right “Hello” “World”
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q The Array - Array Size
Ø An array’s size is a set integer that is fixed upon creation of the array
§ Represents the total amount of elements that can be stored within the array
§ Cannot be changed
34 ...
35 Define an array
The array’s size cannot be changed by conventional methods
past this point
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array usually has 3 attributes
§ A Name
§ A Type
§ A Size
Name Type Size
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array usually has 3 attributes
§ A Name
§ A Type
§ A Size
Name Type Size
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q The Array - Array Basics
Ø An array usually has 3 attributes
§ A Name
§ A Type
§ A Size
Name Type Size
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q The Array - Creating Arrays
Ø There are 2 different ways to create an array in most languages
§ Populate the array with elements right then and there
§ Set a specific size for the array, then populate it later
Populate First Populate Later
Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat
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q The Array - Creating Arrays
Ø There are 2 different ways to create an array in most languages
§ Populate the array with elements right then and there
§ Set a specific size for the array, then populate it later
Populate First Populate Later
Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat Grocery List
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q The Array - Creating Arrays
Ø There are 2 different ways to create an array in most languages
§ Populate the array with elements right then and there
§ Set a specific size for the array, then populate it later
Populate First Populate Later
Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat Grocery List Eggs
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q The Array - Creating Arrays
Ø There are 2 different ways to create an array in most languages
§ Populate the array with elements right then and there
§ Set a specific size for the array, then populate it later
Populate First Populate Later
Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat Grocery List Eggs Milk
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q The Array - Creating Arrays
Ø There are 2 different ways to create an array in most languages
§ Populate the array with elements right then and there
§ Set a specific size for the array, then populate it later
Populate First Populate Later
Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 33
q The Array - Creating Arrays
Ø There are 2 different ways to create an array in most languages
§ Populate the array with elements right then and there
§ Set a specific size for the array, then populate it later
Populate First Populate Later
Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat Grocery List Eggs Milk Meat
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø Defining and filling an array as soon as you create it is used mainly for when
you already know which values are going to be held within it
Salaries 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Read from a text file
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø Defining and filling an array as soon as you create it is used mainly for when
you already know which values are going to be held within it
Salaries 10K 15K 13K 11K 25K 13K 13K 20K 15K 8K
Read from a text file
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
Size = 3
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array = [1, 2, 3]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3 };
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q The Array - Populate-First Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java, Python, and C#
Size = 4
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
array = [1, 2, 3, 4]
int[] array = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø Creating an array by setting an initial size for our array, but not filling it with
any elements
§ Slowly populate it as the programs run
§ Used for user-entered information
User Info 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The information varies based on which user runs the code/what they input
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
Size = FINAL
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[20];
Size = FINAL
int[] array = new int[20];
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q The Array - Populate-Later Arrays
Ø The way you do this varies from language to language
§ Shown in Java and C#
int array[] = new int[10];
int[] array = new int[10];
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ø We reference it using both the arrays name and index number of the element
you wish to retrieve
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
If we want to deal with the 5th element -à deal with index number 4th
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
print(Numbers)
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
print(Numbers[4])
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The last element of array has 9th index number
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
print(Numbers[10])
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
print(Numbers[10])
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q The Array - Numerical Indexes
Ø To get information that is stored within the array, we use a numerical index
§ An integer which corresponds to an element within the array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Out of bounds error
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
If we want to change the last element from 10 to 11
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Numbers[9]
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Numbers[9]=11
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Numbers[9]=11
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
Numbers[9]=11
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q The Array - Replacing information in an Array
Ø Referencing an arrays index is also how we replace elements within an array
Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Two –Dimensional Array
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Ø Contents
1) 2-Dimensional Arrays
2) Arrays as a Data Structure – Accessing
3) Arrays as a Data Structure - Searching
4) Arrays as a Data Structure - Inserting
5) Arrays as a Data Structure - Deleting
6) Pros and Cons
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø An array with an array at each index is known as a 2-dimensional array
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Array
Ø An array with an array at each element is known as a two-dimensional array.
Ø Think of two-dimensional array as a matrix.
Ø Its like any other array.
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø An array with an array at each index is known as a 2-dimensional array
Index 0 1 2 3 4
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø An array with an array at each index is known as a 2-dimensional array
Chess board
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø An array with an array at each index is known as a 2-dimensional array
Chess board Bingo board
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø An array with an array at each index is known as a 2-dimensional array
Ø Two-dimensional array is useful during programming as following:
Chess board Bingo board image
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Carl”, we must determine the specified row and column
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Carl”, we must determine the specified row and column
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q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Carl”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 97
q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
22 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Carl”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 98
q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
22 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl”
“Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Carl”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 99
q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Adam”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 100
q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Adam”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 101
q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Adam”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 102
q The Array - 2-Dimensional Arrays
Ø Referencing an element within a 2-dimensional array is mostly the same as
with 1-dimensional arrays, except you now need 2 indexes
§ One for the column and row
Index 0 1 2 3
0 “Steven” “Alex” “Dave” “Jake”
1 “Adam” “Lucas” “Quinten” “John”
2 “Sean” “Marcus” “Carl” “Jackson”
3 “Peter” “Cam” “Anthony” “Ethan”
If we search on “Adam”, we must determine the specified row and column
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 103
q The Array --- n-dimensional arrays
3-dimensional array 4-dimensional array
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 104
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 105
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 106
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1) Means element accessing can be conducted in an instantaneous of one time
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 107
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Memory
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory
int String
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 108
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Let's look at a fake portion of memory in the computer
Memory You can see we have some information near the beginning, maybe
some integers or strings that we have initialized, that’s not important
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory
int String
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 109
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
The important point is that when we get to the part in our code
Memory Which instantiates an array, we already know exactly how large
the array is going to be
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory
int String
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 110
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Memory int array[] = new int[3];
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory
int String
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey”
Determine the correct index of array to deal with it
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 111
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Memory int array[] = new int[3];
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory Reserved For Reserved For Reserved For
int String Array Array Array
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey”
Reserved For
Array
Reserved For
Array
Reserved For
Array
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 112
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Memory int array[] = new int[3];
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory
int String int[] int[] int[]
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey” 1 2 3
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 113
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Memory
Spot in
Memory
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Memory
int String int[] int[] int[]
Type
Stored
Value
78 “Hey” 1 2 3
And so on, deal wit any element index -- so the size of array can't be changed
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 114
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1)
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 115
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1) O(n)
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 116
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 117
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 118
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 119
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 120
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 121
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 122
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 123
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 124
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
You may search on “Dave”, this is the lowest execution time
Search For: “Dave”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 125
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Searching through arrays is O(n) because most of the time we are working
with unsorted lists
Ø must use linear search
Names “Dave” “Bob” “Adam” “Frank” “Evan” “Gary”
Ø When using BigO notation, we always use worst-case scenario
Search For: “Gary”
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 126
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1) O(n)
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 127
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1) O(n) O(n)
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 128
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Inserting is O(n) because inserting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element that’s after the index you want to insert the value at to the
right one space
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
1 2 3 4
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 129
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Inserting is O(n) because inserting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element that’s after the index you want to insert the value at to the
right one space
Insert 1 at Index 0
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
1 2 3 4
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 130
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Inserting is O(n) because inserting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element that’s after the index you want to insert the value at to the
right one space
Insert 1 at Index 0
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
1 2 3 4
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 131
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Inserting is O(n) because inserting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element that’s after the index you want to insert the value at to the
right one space
Insert 1 at Index 0
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
1 1 2 3 4
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 132
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1) O(n) O(n)
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 133
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Accessing Searching Inserting Deleting
O(1) O(n) O(n) O(n)
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 134
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 135
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Delete number Index [0]
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
1 2 3 4 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 136
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Numbers[0] = Numbers[1]
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
2 2 3 4 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 137
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Numbers[1] = Numbers[2]
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
2 3 3 4 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 138
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Numbers[2] = Numbers[3]
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
2 3 3 4 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 139
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Numbers[3] = Numbers[4]
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
2 3 3 5 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 140
q The Array - Arrays as a Data Structure
Ø Deleting is O(n) because deleting an element within the array requires you to
shift every element to the right of the one you want to delete down one index
Numbers[4] = null;
Index 0 1 2 3 4
Numbers
2 3 3 5
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 141
q The Array - Pros and Cons
Pros Cons
Size of the array cannot be changed once
Good for storing similar contiguous data
initialized
O(1) Accessing Power Inserting and Deleting are not efficient
Very basic. Easy to learn and master Can be wasting storage space
Overall, pretty reliable. Has some flaws as well as advantages. Can be used in almost any program if need
be, but sometimes you may want extra functionality
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 142
10/19/22 Dr/ Ayman Soliman 143
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