Fayoum University Probability

Faculty of Engineering
Dr. Ali Abdul Hakim
Mechanical Department Eng.Mahmoud Badawy
2nd Year 2nd semester 2021/2022 Sheet: #1

1. An experiment consisting of flipping a coin three times.

(a) List the elements of a sample space 𝑆.
(b) List the elements of S corresponding to event 𝐴 that the head appears more than one.

2. An engineering firm is hired to determine if certain waterways in Virginia are safe for
fishing. Samples are taken from three rivers.
(a) List the elements of a sample space 𝑆, using the letters 𝐹 for safe to fish and 𝑁 for
not safe to fish.
(b) List the elements of S corresponding to event 𝐸 that at least two of the rivers are safe
for fishing.
(c) Define an event that has as its elements the points {𝐹𝐹𝐹, 𝑁𝐹 𝐹, 𝐹𝐹𝑁, 𝑁𝐹 𝑁}.

3. If 𝑆 = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} and 𝐴 = {0,2,4,6,8}, 𝐵 = {1,3,4,5,7,9}, 𝐶 = {2,3,4,5} and

𝐷 = {1,6,7}. List the elements of the sets corresponding to the following events:
(a) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 (b) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 (c) 𝐶 ′ (d) (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)′

4. An experiment consisting of tossing a die and then flipping coin once if the number of
the die is even. If the number on the die is odd, the coin is flipped twice. How many
sample points are there in the sample space?

5. A drug for the relief of asthma can be purchased from 5 different manufacturers in liquid,
tablet, or capsule form, all of which come in regular and extra strength. How many
different ways can a doctor prescribe the drug for a patient suffering from asthma?

6. In how many different ways can a true-false test consisting of 9 questions be answered?

7. (a) In how many ways can 6 people be lined up to get on a bus?

(b) If 3 specific persons, among 6, insist on following each other, how many ways are
possible?
(c) If 2 specific persons, among 6, refuse to follow each other, how many ways are
possible?

8. In how many ways can 5 different trees be planted in a circle?

9. In how many ways can 5 starting positions on a basketball team be filled with 8 men who
can play any of the positions?
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10. How many distinct permutations can be made from the letters of the word "INFINITY"?

11. A pair of fair dice is tossed. Find the probability of getting

(a) A total of 8.
(b) At most a total of 5.
(c) More than a total of 4

12. If 3 books are picked at random from a shelf containing 5 novels, 3 books of poems, and
a dictionary, what is the probability that
(a) the dictionary is selected? (b) 2 novels and 1 book of poems are selected?

13. If the probabilities that an automobile mechanic will service 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more

cars on any given workday are, respectively, 0.12, 0.19, 0.28, 0.24, 0.10, and 0.07.
(a) What is the probability that he will service at least 5 cars on his next day at work?
(b) What is the probability that no more than 4 cars will be serviced by the mechanic?
(c) What is the probability that he will service fewer than 8 cars?
(d) What is the probability that he will service either 3 or 4 cars?

14. In a high school graduating class of 100 students, 54 studied mathematics, 69 studied
history, and 35 studied both mathematics and history. If one of these students is selected
at random, find the probability that
(a) the student took mathematics or history;
(b) the student did not take either of these subjects;
(c) the student took history but not mathematics.

15. Interest centers around the life of an electronic component. Suppose it is known that
the probability that the component survives for more than 6000 hours is 0.42. Suppose
also that the probability that the component survives no longer than 4000 hours is 0.04.
(a) What is the probability that the life of the component is less than or equal to 6000
hours?
(b) What is the probability that the life is greater than 4000 hours?

16. A random sample of 200 adult are classified below bt sex and their level education
attained.
Eduaction Male Female
Elementary 38 45
Secondary 28 50
College 22 17
(a) the person is a male, given that the person has a secondary education;
(b) the person does not have a college degree, given that the person is a female.

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17. The probability that an automobile being filled with gasoline also needs an oil change
is 0.25; the probability that it needs a new oil filter is 0.4; and the probability that both
the oil and the filter need changing is 0.14.
(a) If the oil has to be changed, what is the probability that a new oil filter is needed?
(b) If a new oil filter is needed, what is the probability that the oil has to be changed?

18. The probability that a doctor correctly diagnoses a particular illness is 0.7. Given that
the doctor makes an incorrect diagnosis, the probability that the patient files a lawsuit
is 0.9. What is the probability that the doctor makes an incorrect diagnosis and the
patient sues?

19. Find the probability of randomly selecting 4 good quarts of milk in succession from a
cooler containing 20 quarts of which 5 have spoiled.

20. Suppose the diagram of an electrical system is as given in the next Figure. What is the
probability that the system works? Assume the components fail independently.

21. In a certain assembly plant, three machines, 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , and 𝐵3 , make 30%, 45%, and
25%, respectively, of the products. It is known from past experience that 2%, 3%, and
2% of the products made by each machine, respectively, are defective. Now, suppose
that a finished product is randomly selected.
(a) What is the probability that it is defective?
(b) What is the probability that it was made by machine 𝐵2 ?

22. Police plan to enforce speed limits by using radar traps at four different locations within
the city limits. The radar traps at each of the locations 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 , 𝐿3 and 𝐿4 will be operated
40%, 30%, 20%, and 30% of the time. If a person who is speeding on her way to work
has probabilities of 0.2, 0.1, 0.5, and 0.2 , respectively, of passing through these
locations.
(a) What is the probability that she will receive a speeding ticket?
(b) If the person in received a speeding ticket on her way to work, what is the
probability that she passed through the radar trap located at 𝐿2 ?

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