Chapter 7

Percent and Percentage

Exercise 7.1

Question 1

T IO S
Evaluate:

I
(i) 55% of 160 + 24% of 50 – 36% of 150
NO A D
CO N
A
Solution:

PY
Equating them in the following form =
DO U A

55×160
T 24×50 36×150
= + −
ED PR

100 100 100

=11×8+12−18×3=88+12−54=46
C
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(ii) 9.3% of 500 – 4.8% of 250 – 2.5% of 240

Solution:
Equating them in the following form
93×500 48×250 25×240
= − −
100 100 100

=9.3 ×5−1.2×10−0.5×12
=46.5 -12-6
=46.5-18
=28.5
Question 2.
(i) A number is increased from 125 to 150; find the percentage increase.
Solution:
Original value = 125
New value = 150
Increase = (150-125) =25

T IO S I
25
Increase %= × 100 = 20%
NO A D 125

CO N
A

PY
(ii) A number is decreased from 125 to 100; find the percentage
DO U A
decrease.
T
ED PR

Solution:
Original value = 125,
C
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New value=100
Decrease =(125-100)=25
25
Decrease %= × 100 = 20%
125

Question 3.
Find:
(i) 45 is what percent of 54?
Solution:
Let 45 = x percent of
 54×𝑥 45×100
54 = ⟹𝑥=
100 54
5×100
=
6
250
=
3
1
= 83 %
3
1
∴ Required percentage = 83 %
3

T IO S
Find (ii) 2.7 is what percent of 18?

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
18×𝑥
Let 2.7=x percent of 18 =
100

PY
DO U A
2.7×100 270 30
∴𝑥= = = =15
T
18 18 2
ED PR

∴ Required percentage =15%

C
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Question 4.
(i) 252 is 35% of a certain number, find the number.
Solution:
(i) Let the number be x
By the given condition

𝑥×35 𝑥×7
252 = =
100 20
252×20
∴𝑥=
7
=36×20=720
Hence, the required number = 720

(ii) If 14% of a number is 315; find the number.

Solution:
Let the number be x
By the given condition

T IO S
𝑥×14

I
315=
NO A D
100

CO N
315×100
A
∴𝑥=
14

PY
DO U A
45×100
=
2
T
ED PR

= 45 × 50= 2250
Hence the required number = 2250.
C
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Question 5.
Find the percentage change, when a number is changed from:
(i) 80 to 100
Solution:
Original number = 80
New number = 100,
Change = (100 – 80) = 20
∴ Percentage change (increase)
 20
= × 100 = 25%
80

(ii) 100 to 80
Solution:
Original number = 100
New number = 80

T IO S
Change (100 – 80) = 20

I
∴ Percentage change (decrease) =
NO A D
CO N
20
A
= × 100 = 20%
100

PY
DO U A
T
(iii) 6.25 to 7.50
ED PR

Solution:
C

Original number = 6.25

©

New number = 7.50

Change (increase) = (7.50 – 6.25) = 1.25
1.25
∴ Increase = × 100 = 20%
6.25

Question 6.
An auctioneer charges 8% for selling a house. If a house is sold for
Rs.2,30,500; find the charges of the auctioneer.
Solution:
Selling price of the house = Rs.2,30,500
Rate of charges of the auctioneer = 8% of selling price
∴ Charges of the auctioneer = 8% of 2,30,500,
8
= × 2,30, 500 = Rs.18,440
100

Question 7.

T IO S
Out of 800 oranges, 50 are rotten. Find the percentage of good oranges.

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
A
Rotten oranges = 50
Number of good oranges = 800 – 50 = 750

PY
DO U A

750 750 375 1

T
Percentage of good oranges = × 100 = = = 93 %
ED PR

800 8 4 4
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Question 8.
A cistern contains 5 thousand liters of water. If 6% water is leaked. Find
how many liters of water are left in the cistern.
Solution:
Water in the cistern = 5000 liters
6
Quantity of water leaked = × 500 = 300 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
100

Quantity of water left in the cistern

= (5000 – 300) liters = 4700 liters
Question 9.
A man spends 87% of his salary. If he saves Rs. 325; find his salary.
Solution:
Let salary =Rs x
87 87𝑥
∴ Expenditure = of 𝑥 = Rs.
100 100

T IO S
Saving =Rs.325

I
87𝑥
𝑥−
NO A D
100
= 325

CO N
A
100𝑥−87𝑥
= 325
100

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

13𝑥
⟹ = 325
100
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325 × 100
𝑥=
13
32500
⟹𝑥=
13
𝑥 = 2500
∴ Salary =Rs.2500
Question 10.
(i) A number 3.625 is wrongly read as 3.265; find the percentage error.
Solution:
Correct number =3.625
Number wrongly read as =3.265
Error =3.625-3.265=0.360
0.360 360 36000

T IO S
% Error = × 100 = × 100 = = 9.93%
3.625 3625 3625

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
(ii) A number 5.78×103 is wrongly written as 5.87×103 , find the
DO U A
percentage
T
ED PR

Solution:
Correct number =5.78×103
C

Number wrongly written as =5.87× 103

©

Error=5.87×103−5.78×103 = 0.09 × 103

0.09×103 0.98
% Error =
5.87× 10 3 × 100 = 5.78
× 100
9 900
= × 100 = %
578 578
Question 11.
In an election between two candidates, one candidate secured 58% of the
votes polled and won the election by 18,336 votes.Find the total number
of votes polled and the votes secured by each candidate.
Solution:
Since, winning candidate secured 58% of the votes polled.

T IO S
∴ Losing candidate secured = (100-58)% of the votes polled = 42% of

I
the votes polled
NO A D
CO N
Difference of votes =58-42 =16% of the votes polled
A
We are given:

PY
DO U A

16% of votes polled = 18,336

T
ED PR

16
of votes polled = 18,336
100
100
C

⇒ Votes polled =18,336 ×

16
©

18,33600
⇒ Votes polled =
16

⇒ Votes polled =1,14,600

∴ Votes secured by winning candidate
58
= × 1,14,600 = 66, 468
100

Votes secured by losing candidate

42
= × 1,14,600 = 48,132
100

Votes polled =1,14,600

Votes secured by winning candidate =66,468
Votes secured by losing candidate =48,132

Question 12.
In an election between two candidates one candidate secured 47% of
votes polled and lost the election by 12,366 votes. Find the total votes
and die votes secured by the winning candidate.
Solution:

T IO S
Since, the losing candidate secured 47% of the votes polled

I
NO A D
Winning candidate secures votes = (100-47)% of the votes polled

CO N
A
= 53 % of the votes polled

PY
Difference of votes =53-47 =6 % of the votes polled
DO U A
T
We are given:
ED PR

6% of the votes polled =12,366

C
©

6
of the votespolled=12,366
100
100 1236600
Votes polled = 12,366 × =
6 6

= 2,06,100
Votes secured by winning candidate
53
= × 2,06,100 = 1,09,233
100

∴ Votes polled =2,06,100

Votes secured by winning candidate = 1,09,233
Question 13.
The cost of a scooter depreciates every year by 15% of its value at the
beginning of the year. If the present cost of the scooter is 8,000; find its
cost:
(i) After one year
(ii) After 2 years
Solution:

T IO S
Present cost of scooter = Rs.8000

I
NO A D
The cost of scooter depreciates by 15% every year

CO N
A
(i) Cost of scooter after one year

PY
(100−15) 85
DO U A
= × 8000 = × 8000 = 𝑅𝑠. 6800
100 100
T
ED PR

(ii) Cost of scooter after 2 year

C

(100−15) 85
= × 6800 = × 6800 = 𝑅𝑠. 5780
©

100 100

Question 14.
In an examination, the pass mark is 40%.
If a candidate gets 65 marks and fails by 3 marks; find the
maximum marks.
Solution:
Marks obtained by the candidate =65
Fails by = 3 marks
Pass marks = 65 + 3 = 68
% of Pass marks = 40 %
 100
∴ Required maximum marks = × 68 = 10 × 17
40

=170

Question 15.
In an examination, a candidate secured 125 marks and failed by 15
marks. If the pass percentage was 35%. Find the maximum marks.

T IO S
Solution:

I
Total marks secured = 125
NO A D
CO N
Failed by 15 marks
A
∴ Pass marks =125+15=140

PY
DO U A
Let maximum marks = x
T
ED PR

𝑥×35 140×100
∴ = 140 ⟹ 𝑥 =
100 35

= 4 × 100
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= 400
Hence maximum marks = 400.