Append The append command can be used by

programs to open files in another

directory as if they were located in the
current directory. The append command
is available in MS-DOS as well as in
all 32-bit versions of Windows. The
append command is not available in 64-
bit versions of Windows.
Arp The arp command is used to display or
change entries in the ARP cache. The arp
command is available in all versions of
Windows.
Assoc The assoc command is used to display or
change the file type associated with a
particular file extension. The assoc
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
At The at command is used to schedule
commands and other programs to run at
a specific date and time. The at
command is available in Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Beginning in Windows 8, command line
task scheduling should instead be
completed with the schtasks command.
Atmadm The atmadm command is used to display
information related to asynchronous
transfer mode (ATM) connections on the
system. The atmadm command is
available in Windows XP. Support for
ATM was removed beginning in Windows
 Vista, making the atmadm command
unnecessary.
Attrib The attrib command is used to change
the attributes of a single file or a
directory. The attrib command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Auditpol The auditpol command is used to display
or change audit policies. The auditpol
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Bcdboot The bcdboot command is used to
copy boot files to the
system partition and to create a new
system BCD store. The bcdboot
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.
Bcdedit The bcdedit command is used to view or
make changes to Boot Configuration
Data. The bcdedit command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The
bcdedit command replaced the bootcfg
command beginning in Windows Vista.
Bdehdcfg The bdehdcfg command is used to
prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive
Encryption. The bdehdcfg command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, and Windows 7.
Bitsadmin The bitsadmin command is used to
create, manage, and monitor download
 and upload jobs. The bitsadmin command
is available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista. While the bitsadmin command is
available in those versions of Windows, it
is being phased out—the BITS
PowerShell cmdlets should be used
instead.
Bootcfg The bootcfg command is used to build,
modify, or view the contents of the
boot.ini file, a hidden file that is used to
identify in what folder, on which
partition, and on which hard drive
Windows is located. The bootcfg
command is available in Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP. The bootcfg command
was replaced by the bcdedit command
beginning in Windows Vista. Bootcfg is
still available in Windows 10, 8, 7, and
Vista, but it serves no real value since
boot.ini is not used in these operating
systems.
Bootsect The bootsect command is used to
configure the master boot code to one
compatible with BOOTMGR (Vista and
later) or NTLDR (XP and earlier). The
bootsect command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows
8. The bootsect command is also
available in Windows 7 and Windows
Vista but only from the Command Prompt
 available in System Recovery Options .
Break The break command sets or clears
extended CTRL+C checking on DOS
systems. The break command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS. The break command
is available in Windows XP and later
versions of Windows to provide
compatibility with MS-DOS files but it has
no effect in Windows itself.
Cacls The cacls command is used to display or
change access control lists of files. The
cacls command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The
cacls command is being phased out in
favor of the icacls command, which
should be used instead in all versions of
Windows after Windows XP.
Call The call command is used to run a script
or batch program from within another
script or batch program. The call
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The call
command has no effect outside of a
script or batch file. In other words,
running the call command at the
Command Prompt or MS-DOS prompt will
do nothing.
Cd The cd command is the shorthand
version of the chdir command. The cd
command is available in all versions of
 Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Certreq The certreq command is used to perform
various certification authority (CA)
certificate functions. The certreq
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Certutil The certutil command is used to dump
and display certification authority (CA)
configuration information in addition to
other CA functions. The certutil
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Change The change command changes various
terminal server settings like install
modes, COM port mappings, and logons.
The change command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Chcp The chcp command displays or
configures the active code page number.
The chcp command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Chdir The chdir command is used to display
the drive letter and folder that you are
currently in. Chdir can also be used to
change the drive and/or directory that
you want to work in. The chdir command
is available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Checknetisola The checknetisolation command is used
tion to test apps that require network
capabilities. The checknetisolation
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, and Windows 8.
Chglogon The chglogon command enables,
disables, or drains terminal server
session logins. The chglogon command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista. Executing the chglogon command
is the same as executing change logon.
Chgport The chgport command can be used to
display or change COM port mappings for
DOS compatibility. The chgport command
is available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista. Executing the chgport command is
the same as executing change port.
Chgusr The chgusr command is used to change
the install mode for the terminal server.
The chgusr command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Executing the chgusr command is the
same as executing change user.
Chkdsk The chkdsk command, often referred to
as check disk, is used to identify and
correct certain hard drive errors. The
chkdsk command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Chkntfs The chkntfs command is used to
configure or display the checking of the
disk drive during the Windows boot
process. The chkntfs command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Choice The choice command is used within a
script or batch program to provide a list
of choices and return the value of that
choice to the program. The choice
command is available in MS-DOS and all
versions of Windows except Windows XP.
Use the set command with the /p switch
in place of the choice command in batch
files and scripts that you plan to use in
Windows XP.
Cipher The cipher command shows or changes
the encryption status of files and
folders on NTFS partitions. The cipher
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Clip The clip command is used to redirect the
output from any command to the
clipboard in Windows. The clip command
is available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Cls The cls command clears the screen of all
previously entered commands and other
text. The cls command is available in all
 versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Cmd The cmd command starts a new instance
of the cmd.exe command interpreter. The
cmd command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Cmdkey The cmdkey command is used to show,
create, and remove stored user names
and passwords. The cmdkey command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Cmstp The cmstp command installs or
uninstalls a Connection Manager service
profile. The cmstp command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Color The color command is used to change
the colors of the text and background
within the Command Prompt window.
The color command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Command The command command starts a new
instance of the command.com command
interpreter. The command command is
available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-
bit versions of Windows. The command
command is not available in 64-bit
 versions of Windows.
Comp The comp command is used to compare
the contents of two files or sets of files.
The comp command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Compact The compact command is used to show
or change the compression state of files
and directories on NTFS partitions. The
compact command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Convert The convert command is used to
convert FAT or FAT32 formatted
volumes to the NTFS format. The convert
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Copy The copy command does simply that —
it copies one or more files from one
location to another. The copy command
is available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS. The xcopy command
is considered to be a more "powerful"
version of the copy command.
Cscript The cscript command is used to execute
scripts via Microsoft Script Host. The
cscript command is available in all
versions of Windows. The cscript
command is most popularly used to
 manage printers from the command line
using scripts like prncnfg.vbs,
prndrvr.vbs, prnmngr.vbs, and others.
Ctty The ctty command is used to change the
default input and output devices for the
system. The ctty command is available in
Windows 98 and 95 as well as in MS-DOS.
The functions provided by the ctty
command were no longer necessary
beginning in Windows XP because the
command.com interpreter (MS-DOS) is no
longer the default command line
interpreter.
Date The date command is used to show or
change the current date. The date
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Dblspace The dblspace command is used to create
or configure DoubleSpace compressed
drives. The dblspace command is
available in Windows 98 and 95, as well
as in MS-DOS. DriveSpace, executed
using the drvspace command, is an
updated version of DoubleSpace.
Windows began handling compression
beginning in Windows XP.
Debug The debug command starts Debug, a
command line application used to test
and edit programs. The debug command
is available in MS-DOS as well as in all
32-bit versions of Windows. The debug
command is not available in 64-bit
 versions of Windows.
Defrag The defrag command is used
to defragment a drive you specify. The
defrag command is the command line
version of Microsoft's Disk Defragmenter.
The defrag command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Del The del command is used to delete one
or more files. The del command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS. The del command is
the same as the erase command.
Deltree The deltree command is used to delete a
directory and all the files and
subdirectories within it. The deltree
command is available in Windows 98 and
95, as well as in MS-DOS. Beginning in
Windows XP, a folder and its files and
subfolders can be removed using the /s
function of the rmdir command. Deltree
was no longer needed with this new
rmdir ability so the command was
removed.
Diantz The diantz command is used to losslessly
compress one or more files. The diantz
command is sometimes called Cabinet
Maker. The diantz command is available
in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and
Windows XP. The diantz command is the
same as the makecab command.
Dir The dir command is used to display a
 list of files and folders contained inside
the folder that you are currently working
in. The dir command also displays other
important information like the hard
drive's serial number, the total number
of files listed, their combined size,
the total amount of free space left on
the drive, and more. The dir command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Diskcomp The diskcomp command is used to
compare the contents of two floppy
disks. The diskcomp command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS, with the exclusion of
Windows 11 and Windows 10.
Diskcopy The diskcopy command is used to copy
the entire contents of one floppy disk to
another. The diskcopy command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS, with the exclusion of
Windows 11 and Windows 10.
Diskpart The diskpart command is used to create,
manage, and delete hard drive partitions.
The diskpart command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP. The diskpart command replaced the
fdisk command beginning in Windows XP.
Diskperf The diskperf command is used to
manage disk performance counters
remotely. The diskperf command is
 available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Diskraid The diskraid command starts the
DiskRAID tool which is used to manage
and configure RAID arrays. The diskraid
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Dism The dism command starts the
Deployment Image Servicing and
Management tool (DISM). The DISM tool
is used to manage features in Windows
images. The dism command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
and Windows 7.
Dispdiag The dispdiag command is used to output
a log of information about the display
system. The dispdiag command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Djoin The djoin command is used to create a
new computer account in a domain. The
djoin command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
and Windows Vista.
Doskey The doskey command is used to edit
command lines, create macros, and
recall previously entered commands. The
doskey command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
 DOS.
Dosshell The dosshell command starts DOS Shell,
a graphical file management tool for MS-
DOS. The dosshell command is available
in Windows 95 (in MS-DOS mode) and
also in MS-DOS version 6.0 and later MS-
DOS versions that were upgraded from
previous versions that contained the
dosshell command. A graphical file
manager, Windows Explorer, became an
integrated part of the operating system
beginning in Windows 95.
Dosx The dosx command is used to start DOS
Protected Mode Interface (DPMI), a
special mode designed to give MS-DOS
applications access to more than the
normally allowed 640 KB. The dosx
command is available in Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP. The dosx command is
not available in 64-bit versions of
Windows. The dosx command and DPMI
is only available in Windows to support
older MS-DOS programs.
Driverquery The driverquery command is used to
show a list of all installed drivers. The
driverquery command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Drvspace The drvspace command is used to create
or configure DriveSpace compressed
 drives. The drvspace command is
available in Windows 98 and 95, as well
as in MS-DOS. DriveSpace is an updated
version of DoubleSpace, executed using
the dblspace command. Windows began
handling compression beginning in
Windows XP.
Echo The echo command is used to show
messages, most commonly from within
script or batch files. The echo command
can also be used to turn the echoing
feature on or off. The echo command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Edit The edit command starts the MS-DOS
Editor tool which is used to create and
modify text files. The edit command is
available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-
bit versions of Windows. The edit
command is not available in 64-bit
versions of Windows.
Edlin The edlin command starts the Edlin tool
which is used to create and modify text
files from the command line. The edlin
command is available in all 32-bit
versions of Windows but is not available
in 64-bit versions of Windows. In MS-DOS,
the edlin command is only available up to
MS-DOS 5.0, so unless your later version
of MS-DOS was upgraded from 5.0 or
prior, you won't see the edlin command.
Emm386 The emm386 command is used to give
 MS-DOS access to more than 640 KB
of memory (RAM). The emm386
command is available in Windows 98 and
95, as well as in MS-DOS. Windows itself
has access to extended and expanded
memory beginning in Windows 95.
Endlocal The endlocal command is used to end
the localization of environment changes
inside a batch or script file. The endlocal
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Erase The erase command is used to delete
one or more files. The erase command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS. The erase command
is the same as the del command.
Esentutl The esentutl command is used to
manage Extensible Storage Engine
databases. The esentutl command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Eventcreate The eventcreate command is used to
create a custom event in an event log.
The eventcreate command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Eventtriggers The eventtriggers command is used to
configure and display event triggers. The
eventtriggers command is available in
 Windows XP. Beginning in Windows
Vista, event triggers are created using
the Attach Task To This Event feature in
Event Viewer, making the eventtriggers
command unnecessary.
Exe2bin The exe2bin command is used to convert
a file of the EXE file type (executable
file) to a binary file. The exe2bin
command is available in 32-bit versions
of Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The
exe2bin command is not available in any
64-bit version of Windows.
Exit The exit command is used to end the
cmd.exe (Windows) or command.com
(MS-DOS) session that you're currently
working in. The exit command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Expand The expand command is used to extract
the files and folders contained in
Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The
expand command is available in MS-DOS
as well as in all versions of Windows.
The expand command is not available in
the 64-bit version of Windows XP.
Extrac32 The extrac32 command is used to
extract the files and folders contained in
Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The
extrac32 command is available in all
versions of Windows. The extrac32
command is actually a CAB extraction
 program for use by Internet Explorer but
can be used to extract any Microsoft
Cabinet file. Use the expand command
instead of the extrac32 command if
possible.
Extract The extract command is used to extract
the files and folders contained in
Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The
extract command is available in Windows
98 and 95. The extract command was
replaced by the expand command
beginning in Windows XP.
Fasthelp The fasthelp command provides more
detailed information on any of the other
MS-DOS commands. The fasthelp
command is only available in MS-DOS.
The help command replaced the fasthelp
command beginning in Windows 95.
Fastopen The fastopen command is used to add a
program's hard drive location to a
special list stored in memory, potentially
improving the program's launch time by
removing the need for MS-DOS to locate
the application on the drive. The
fastopen command is available in MS-
DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of
Windows. The fastopen command is not
available in 64-bit versions of Windows.
Fastopen is only available in Windows
10, Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP to
support older MS-DOS files.
Fc The fc command is used to compare two
 individual or sets of files and then show
the differences between them. The fc
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Fdisk The fdisk command is used to create,
manage, and delete hard drive partitions.
The fdisk command is available in
Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-
DOS. The fdisk command was replaced
by the diskpart command beginning in
Windows XP. Partition management is
also available from Disk Management in
Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP.
Find The find command is used to search for a
specified text string in one or more files.
The find command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Findstr The findstr command is used to find text
string patterns in one or more files. The
findstr command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Finger The finger command is used to return
information about one or more users on a
remote computer that's running the
Finger service. The finger command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Fltmc The fltmc command is used to load,
unload, list, and otherwise manage Filter
 drivers. The fltmc command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Fondue The fondue command, short for Features
on Demand User Experience Tool, is used
to install any of the several optional
Windows features from the command
line. The fondue command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows
8. Optional Windows features can also be
installed from the Programs and
Features applet in Control Panel.
For The for command is used to run a
specified command for each file in a set
of files. The for command is most often
used within a batch or script file. The for
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Forcedos The forcedos command is used to start
the specified program in the MS-DOS
subsystem. The forcedos command is
only available in 32-bit versions of
Windows XP. The forcedos command is
only used for MS-DOS programs that are
not recognized as such by Windows XP.
Forfiles The forfiles command selects one or
more files to execute a specified
command on. The forfiles command is
most often used within a batch or script
file. The forfiles command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
 Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Format The format command is used
to format a drive in the file system that
you specify. The format command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS. Drive formatting is
also available from Disk Management in
Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP.
Fsutil The fsutil command is used to perform
various FAT and NTFS file system tasks
like managing reparse points and sparse
files, dismounting a volume, and
extending a volume. The fsutil command
is available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Ftp The ftp command can be used to transfer
files to and from another computer. The
remote computer must be operating as
an FTP server. The ftp command is
available in all versions of Windows.
Ftype The ftype command is used to define a
default program to open a specified file
type. The ftype command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Getmac The getmac command is used to display
the media access control (MAC) address
of all the network controllers on a
system. The getmac command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
 Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Goto The goto command is used in a batch or
script file to direct the command process
to a labeled line in the script. The goto
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Gpresult The gpresult command is used to display
Group Policy settings. The gpresult
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Gpupdate The gpupdate command is used to
update Group Policy settings. The
gpupdate command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Graftabl The graftabl command is used to enable
the ability of Windows to display an
extended character set in graphics
mode. The graftabl command is available
in all versions of Windows and in MS-DOS
up to version 5.0. The graftabl command
is not available in 64-bit versions of
Windows.
Graphics The graphics command is used to load a
program that can print graphics. The
graphics command is available in MS-
DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of
Windows. The graphics command is not
available in 64-bit versions of Windows.
Help The help command provides more
detailed information on any of the other
Command Prompt or MS-DOS commands.
The help command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Hostname The hostname command displays the
name of the current host. The hostname
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Hwrcomp The hwrcomp command is used to
compile custom dictionaries for
handwriting recognition. The hwrcomp
command is available in Windows 8 and
Windows 7.
Hwrreg The hwrreg command is used to install a
previously compiled custom dictionary
for handwriting recognition. The hwrreg
command is available in Windows 8 and
Windows 7.
Icacls The icacls command is used to display or
change access control lists of files. The
icacls command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
and Windows Vista. The icacls command
is an updated version of the cacls
command.
If The if command is used to perform
conditional functions in a batch file. The
if command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Interlnk The interlnk command is used to connect
two computers via a serial or parallel
connection to share files and printers.
The interlnk command is only available
in MS-DOS. The ability to directly
connect two computers is handled by the
networking functions in all versions of
Windows.
Intersvr The intersvr command is used to start
the Interlnk server and to copy Interlnk
files from one computer to another. The
intersvr command is only available in MS-
DOS. The ability to directly connect two
computers is handled by the networking
functions in all versions of Windows.
Ipconfig The ipconfig command is used to display
detailed IP information for each network
adapter utilizing TCP/IP. The ipconfig
command can also be used to release
and renew IP addresses on systems
configured to receive them via
a DHCP server. The ipconfig command
is available in all versions of Windows.
Ipxroute The ipxroute command is used to display
and change information about IPX
routing tables. The ipxroute command is
available in Windows XP. Microsoft
removed their built-in NetWare client
beginning in Windows Vista, removing
the associated ipxroute command as
well.
Irftp The irftp command is used to transmit
 files over an infrared link. The irftp
command is available in Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Iscsicli The iscsicli command starts the
Microsoft iSCSI Initiator, used to manage
iSCSI. The iscsicli command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Kb16 The kb16 command is used to support
MS-DOS files that need to configure
a keyboard for a specific language. The
kb16 command is available in Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP. The kb16
command is not available in 64-bit
versions of Windows. The kb16 command
replaced the keyb command beginning in
Windows XP but only exists to support
older MS-DOS files.
Keyb The keyb command is used to configure
a keyboard for a specific language. The
keyb command is available in Windows
98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. See the
kb16 command for an equivalent
command in later versions of Windows.
Keyboard language settings are handled
by the Region and Language or Regional
and Language Options (depending on the
version of Windows) Control Panel
applets in Windows beginning in
Windows XP.
Klist The klist command is used to list
 Kerberos service tickets. The klist
command can also be used to purge
Kerberos tickets. The klist command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8 and Windows 7.
Ksetup The ksetup command is used to
configure connections to a Kerberos
server. The ksetup command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8
and Windows 7.
Ktmutil The ktmutil command starts the Kernel
Transaction Manager utility. The ktmutil
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Label The label command is used to manage
the volume label of a disk. The label
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Lh The lh command is the shorthand version
of the loadhigh command. The lh
command is available in Windows 98 and
95, as well as in MS-DOS.
Licensingdiag The licensingdiag command is a tool
used to generate a text-based log and
other data files that contain product
activation and other Windows licensing
information. The licensingdiag command
is available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
and Windows 8.
Loadfix The loadfix command is used to load the
specified program in the first 64K of
 memory and then runs the program. The
loadfix command is available in MS-DOS
as well as in all 32-bit versions of
Windows. The loadfix command is not
available in 64-bit versions of Windows.
Loadhigh The loadhigh command is used to load a
program into high memory and is usually
used from within the autoexec.bat file.
The loadhigh command is available in
Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-
DOS. Memory usage is handled
automatically beginning in Windows XP.
Lock The lock command is used to lock a
drive, enabling direct disk access for a
program. The lock command is only
available in Windows 98 and 95. Drive
locking is no longer available as of
Windows XP.
Lodctr The lodctr command is used to
update registry values related to
performance counters. The lodctr
command is available in all versions of
Windows.
Logman The logman command is used to create
and manage Event Trace Session and
Performance logs. The logman command
also supports many functions of
Performance Monitor. The logman
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Logoff The logoff command is used to terminate
 a session. The logoff command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Lpq The lpq command displays the status of
a print queue on a computer running Line
Printer Daemon (LPD). The lpq command
is available in all versions of Windows.
The lpq command is not available by
default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista,
but can be enabled by turning on the LPD
Print Service and LPR Port Monitor
features from Programs and Features in
Control Panel.
Lpr The lpr command is used to send a file to
a computer running Line Printer Daemon
(LPD). The lpr command is available in all
versions of Windows. The lpr command is
not available by default in Windows 11,
10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by
turning on the LPD Print Service and LPR
Port Monitor features from Programs and
Features in Control Panel.
Makecab The makecab command is used to
losslessly compress one or more files.
The makecab command is sometimes
called Cabinet Maker. The makecab
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The
makecab command is the same as the
diantz command, a command that was
 removed after Windows 7.
Manage-bde The manage-bde command is used to
configure BitLocker Drive Encryption
from the command line. The manage-bde
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.
A script by the name of manage-bde.wsf
exists in Windows Vista and can be used
with the cscript command to perform
BitLocker tasks from the command line
in that operating system.
Md The md command is the shorthand
version of the mkdir command. The md
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Mem The mem command shows information
about used and free memory areas and
programs that are currently loaded into
memory in the MS-DOS subsystem. The
mem command is available in MS-DOS as
well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows.
The mem command is not available in 64-
bit versions of Windows.
Memmaker The memmaker command is used to start
MemMaker, a memory optimization tool.
The memaker command is available in
Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-
DOS. Memory usage is automatically
optimized beginning in Windows XP.
Mkdir The mkdir command is used to create a
new folder. The mkdir command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
 well as in MS-DOS.
Mklink The mklink command is used to create a
symbolic link. The mklink command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Mode The mode command is used to configure
system devices, most often COM and LPT
ports. The mode command is available in
all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Mofcomp The mofcomp command properly displays
the data within a Managed Object Format
(MOF) file. The mofcomp command is
available in all versions of Windows.
More The more command is used to display
the information contained in a text file.
The more command can also be used to
paginate the results of any other
Command Prompt or MS-DOS command.
The more command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Mount The mount command is used to mount
Network File System (NFS) network
shares. The mount command is available
in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The
mount command is not available by
default in Windows Vista or Windows 7
but can be enabled by turning on the
Services for NFS Windows feature from
Programs and Features in Control Panel.
 The mount command is not available in
Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for
UNIX (SFU) was discontinued.
Mountvol The mountvol command is used to
display, create, or remove volume mount
points. The mountvol command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Move The move command is used to move one
or files from one folder to another. The
move command is also used to rename
directories. The move command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Mrinfo The mrinfo command is used to provide
information about a router's interfaces
and neighbors. The mrinfo command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Msav The msav command starts Microsoft
Antivirus. The msav command is only
available in MS-DOS. Microsoft Antivirus
was designed for MS-DOS and Windows
3.x only. Microsoft provides an optional
virus protection suite called Microsoft
Security Essentials for Windows XP and
later operating systems, and third party
antivirus tools are available for all
versions of Windows.
Msbackup The msbackup command starts Microsoft
 Backup, a tool used to back up and
restore one or more files. The msbackup
command is only available in MS-DOS.
The msbackup command was replaced
with Microsoft Backup beginning in
Windows 95 and then Backup and
Restore in later versions of Windows.
Mscdex The mscdex command is used to
provide CD-ROM access to MS-DOS. The
mscdex command is available in
Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-
DOS. Windows provides access to CD-
ROM drives for the MS-DOS subsystem
beginning in Windows XP, so the mscdex
command is unnecessary in this and
later operating systems.
Msd The msd command starts Microsoft
Diagnostics, a system information tool .
The msd command is only available in
MS-DOS. The msd command was
replaced with System Information
beginning in Windows 95.
Msg The msg command is used to send a
message to a user. The msg command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Msiexec The msiexec command is used to start
Windows Installer, a tool used to install
and configure software. The msiexec
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
 Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Muiunattend The muiunattend command starts the
Multilanguage User Interface unattended
setup process. The muiunattend
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Nbtstat The nbtstat command is used to show
TCP/IP information and other statistical
information about a remote computer.
The nbtstat command is available in all
versions of Windows.
Net The net command is used to display,
configure, and correct a wide variety of
network settings. The net command is
available in all versions of Windows.
Net1 The net1 command is used to display,
configure, and correct a wide variety of
network settings. The net1 command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP. The net command
should be used instead of the net1
command. The net1 command was made
available in Windows NT and Windows
2000 as a temporary fix for a Y2K issue
that the net command had, which was
corrected before the release of Windows
XP. The net1 command remains in later
versions of Windows only for
compatibility with older programs and
scripts that utilized the command.
Netcfg The netcfg command is used to install
the Windows Preinstallation Environment
(WinPE), a lightweight version of
Windows used to deploy workstations.
The netcfg command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Netsh The netsh command is used to start
Network Shell, a command-line utility
used to manage the network
configuration of the local, or a remote,
computer. The netsh command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Netstat The netstat command is most
commonly used to display all open
network connections and listening ports.
The netstat command is available in all
versions of Windows.
Nfsadmin The nfsadmin command is used to
manage Server for NFS or Client for NFS
from the command line. The nfsadmin
command is available in Windows 7 and
Windows Vista. The nfsadmin command
is not available by default in Windows
Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled
by turning on the Services for NFS
Windows feature from Programs and
Features in Control Panel. The nfsadmin
command is not available in Windows 11,
10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU)
 was discontinued.
Nlsfunc The nlsfunc command is used to load
information specific to a particular
country or region. The nlsfunc command
is available in MS-DOS as well as in all
32-bit versions of Windows. The nlsfunc
command is not available in 64-bit
versions of Windows. Nlsfunc is only
available in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and
XP to support older MS-DOS files.
Nltest The nltest command is used to test
secure channels between Windows
computers in a domain and between
domain controllers that are trusting
other domains. The nltest command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, and Windows 7.
Nslookup The nslookup is most commonly used to
display the hostname of an entered IP
address. The nslookup command queries
your configured DNS server to discover
the IP address. The nslookup command
is available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Ntbackup The ntbackup command is used to
perform various backup functions from
the Command Prompt or from within a
batch or script file. The ntbackup
command is available in Windows XP.
The ntbackup command was replaced
with the wbadmin beginning in Windows
 Vista.
Ntsd The ntsd command is used to perform
certain command line debugging tasks.
The ntsd command is available in
Windows XP. The ntsd command was
removed beginning in Windows Vista due
to the addition of dump file support
in Task Manager.
Ocsetup The ocsetup command starts the
Windows Optional Component Setup tool,
used to install additional Windows
features. The ocsetup command is
available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista. Beginning in Windows 8,
Microsoft is depreciating the ocsetup
command in favor of the dism command.
Openfiles The openfiles command is used to
display and disconnect open files and
folders on a system. The openfiles
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Path The path command is used to display or
set a specific path available to
executable files. The path command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Pathping The pathping command functions much
like the tracert command but will also
report information about network latency
and loss at each hop. The pathping
command is available in Windows 11,
 Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Pause The pause command is used within a
batch or script file to pause the
processing of the file. When the pause
command is used, a "Press any key to
continue…" message displays in the
command window. The pause command
is available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Pentnt The pentnt command is used to detect
floating point division errors in the Intel
Pentium chip. The pentnt command is
also used to enable floating point
emulation and disable floating
point hardware. The pentnt command is
available in Windows XP. The pentnt
command was removed beginning in
Windows Vista due to the lack of Intel
Pentium CPU use at the time of this
operating system release.
Ping The ping command sends an Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo
Request message to a specified remote
computer to verify IP-level connectivity.
The ping command is available in all
versions of Windows.
Pkgmgr The pkgmgr command is used to start
the Windows Package Manager from the
Command Prompt. Package Manager
installs, uninstalls, configures, and
updates features and packages for
 Windows. The pkgmgr command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Pnpunattend The pnpunattend command is used to
automate the installation of hardware
device drivers. The pnpunattend
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Pnputil The pnputil command is used to start the
Microsoft PnP Utility, a tool used to
install a Plug and Play device from the
command line. The pnputil command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Popd The popd command is used to change
the current directory to the one most
recently stored by the pushd command.
The popd command is most often utilized
from within a batch or script file. The
popd command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Power The power command is used to reduce
the power consumed by a computer by
monitoring software and hardware
devices. The power command is
available in Windows 98 and 95, as well
as in MS-DOS. The power command was
replaced by operating system integrated
 power management functions beginning
in Windows XP.
Powercfg The powercfg command is used to
manage the Windows power
management settings from the command
line. The powercfg command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Print The print command is used to print a
specified text file to a specified printing
device. The print command is available
in all versions of Windows, as well as in
MS-DOS.
Prompt The prompt command is used to
customize the appearance of the prompt
text in Command Prompt or MS-DOS. The
prompt command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Pushd The pushd command is used to store a
directory for use, most commonly from
within a batch or script program. The
pushd command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Pwlauncher The pwlauncher command is used to
enable, disable, or show the status of
your Windows To Go startup options. The
pwlauncher command is available in
Windows 11, 10, and 8.
Qappsrv The qappsrv command is used to display
 all Remote Desktop Session Host servers
available on the network. The qappsrv
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Qbasic The qbasic command starts QBasic, the
MS-DOS based programming environment
for the BASIC programming language.
The qbasic command is available in
Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-
DOS. The qbasic command is not
installed by default with Windows 98 or
95 but is available from the installation
disc or disks.
Qprocess The qprocess command is used to
display information about running
processes. The qprocess command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Query The query command is used to display
the status of a specified service. The
query command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
and Windows Vista.
Quser The quser command is used to display
information about users currently logged
on to the system. The quser command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Qwinsta The qwinsta command is used to display
 information about open Remote Desktop
Sessions. The qwinsta command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Rasautou The rasautou command is used to
manage Remote Access Dialer AutoDial
addresses. The rasautou command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Rasdial The rasdial command is used to start or
end a network connection for a Microsoft
client. The rasdial command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Rcp The rcp command is used to copy files
between a Windows computer and a
system running the rshd daemon. The rcp
command is available in Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The rcp
command is not available by default in
Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be
enabled by turning on the Subsystem for
UNIX-based Applications Windows
feature from Programs and Features in
Control Panel and then installing the
Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based
Applications available here for Windows
Vista and here for Windows 7. The rcp
command is not available in Windows 11,
 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU)
was discontinued.
Rd The rd command is the shorthand version
of the rmdir command. The rd command
is available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Rdpsign The rdpsign command is used to sign a
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) file. The
rdpsign command is available in
Windows 7.
Reagentc The reagentc command is used to
configure the Windows Recovery
Environment (RE). The reagentc
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.
Recimg The recimg command is used to create a
custom refresh image. The recimg
command is available in Windows 8.
Recover The recover command is used to recover
readable data from a bad or defective
disk. The recover command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Reg The reg command is used to manage
the Windows Registry from the
command line. The reg command can
perform common registry functions like
adding registry keys, exporting the
registry, etc. The reg command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
 Vista, and Windows XP.
Regini The regini command is used to set or
change registry permissions and registry
values from the command line. The regini
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Register- The register-cimprovider command is
cimprovider used to register a Common Information
Model (CIM) Provider in Windows. The
register-cimprovider command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
and Windows 8.
Regsvr32 The regsvr32 command is used
to register a DLL file as a command
component in the Windows Registry. The
regsvr32 command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Relog The relog command is used to create
new performance logs from data in
existing performance logs. The relog
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Rem The rem command is used to record
comments or remarks in a batch or script
file. The rem command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Ren The ren command is the shorthand
 version of the rename command. The ren
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Rename The rename command is used to change
the name of the individual file that you
specify. The rename command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Repair-bde The repair-bde command is used to
repair or decrypt a damaged drive that's
been encrypted using BitLocker. The
repair-bde command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
and Windows 7.
Replace The replace command is used to replace
one or more files with one or more other
files. The replace command is available
in all versions of Windows, as well as in
MS-DOS.
Reset The reset command, executed as reset
session, is used to reset the session
subsystem software and hardware to
known initial values. The reset command
is available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Restore The restore command is used to restore
files that were backed up using the
backup command. The restore command
is only available in MS-DOS. The backup
command was only available up to MS-
DOS 5.00 but the restore command was
 included by default with later versions of
MS-DOS to provide a way to restore files
that were backed up in previous versions
of MS-DOS.
Rexec The rexec command is used to run
commands on remote computers running
the rexec daemon. The rexec command
is available in Windows Vista and
Windows XP. The rsh command is not
available by default in Windows Vista but
can be enabled by turning on the
Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications
Windows feature from Programs and
Features in Control Panel and then
installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-
based Applications available here. The
rexec command is not available in
Windows 7 but can be executed in
Windows XP via Windows XP Mode if
need be.
Rmdir The rmdir command is used to delete an
existing or completely empty folder. The
rmdir command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Robocopy The robocopy command is used to copy
files and directories from one location to
another. This command is also called
Robust File Copy. The robocopy
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista. The robocopy command
 is superior to both the copy command
and the xcopy command because
robocopy supports many more options.
Route The route command is used to
manipulate network routing tables. The
route command is available in all
versions of Windows.
Rpcinfo The rpcinfo command makes a remote
procedure call (RPC) to an RPC server
and reports what it finds. The rpcinfo
command is available in Windows 7 and
Windows Vista. The rpcinfo command is
not available by default in Windows Vista
or Windows 7 but can be enabled by
turning on the Services for NFS Windows
feature from Programs and Features in
Control Panel. The rpcinfo command is
not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8
because Service for UNIX (SFU) was
discontinued.
Rpcping The rpcping command is used to ping a
server using RPC. The rpcping command
is available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Rsh The rsh command is used to run
commands on remote computers running
the rsh daemon. The rsh command is
available in Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP. The rsh command is
not available by default in Windows Vista
or Windows 7 but can be enabled by
 turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based
Applications Windows feature from
Programs and Features in Control Panel
and then installing the Utilities and SDK
for UNIX-based Applications available
here for Windows Vista and here for
Windows 7. The rsh command is not
available in Windows 11, 10, or 8
because Service for UNIX (SFU) was
discontinued.
Rsm The rsm command is used to manage
media resources using Removable
Storage. The rsm command is available
in Windows Vista and Windows XP. The
rsm command was optional in Windows
Vista and then removed in Windows 7
due to Removable Storage Manager
being removed from the operating
system. Search for the rsm command in
the C:\Windows\winsxs folder in Windows
Vista if you're having trouble executing
the command.
Runas The runas command is used to execute a
program using another user's
credentials. The runas command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Rwinsta The rwinsta command is the shorthand
version of the reset session command.
The rwinsta command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
 Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Sc The sc command is used to configure
information about services. The sc
command communicates with the
Service Control Manager. The sc
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Scandisk The scandisk command is used to start
Microsoft ScanDisk, a disk repair
program. The scandisk command is
available in Windows 98 and 95, as well
as in MS-DOS. The scandisk command
was replaced by the chkdsk command
beginning in Windows XP.
Scanreg The scanreg command starts Windows
Registry Checker, a basic registry repair
program and backup utility. The scanreg
command is available in Windows 98 and
Windows 95. The functions provided by
the scanreg command were no longer
necessary beginning in Windows XP due
to changes in how the Windows Registry
functions.
Schtasks The schtasks command is used to
schedule specified programs or
commands to run at certain times. The
schtasks command can be used to
create, delete, query, change, run, and
end scheduled tasks. The schtasks
command is available in Windows 11,
 Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Sdbinst The sdbinst command is used to deploy
customized SDB database files. The
sdbinst command is available in Windows
11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Secedit The secedit command is used to
configure and analyze system security by
comparing the current security
configuration to a template. The secedit
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Set The set command is used to display,
enable, or disable environment
variables in MS-DOS or from the
Command Prompt. The set command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Setlocal The setlocal command is used to start
the localization of environment changes
inside a batch or script file. The setlocal
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Setspn The setspn command is used to manage
the Service Principal Names (SPN) for an
Active Directory (AD) service account.
The setspn command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
and Windows 7.
Setver The setver command is used to set the
MS-DOS version number that MS-DOS
reports to a program. The setver
command is available in MS-DOS as well
as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The
setver command is not available in 64-bit
versions of Windows.
Setx The setx command is used to create or
change environment variables in the user
environment or the system environment.
The setx command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Sfc The sfc command is used to verify and
replace important Windows system files .
The sfc command is also referred to as
System File Checker or Windows
Resource Checker, depending on the
operating system. The sfc command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Shadow The shadow command is used to monitor
another Remote Desktop Services
session. The shadow command is
available in Windows 7, Windows Vista,
and Windows XP.
Share The share command is used to install file
locking and file sharing functions in MS-
DOS. The share command is available in
MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions
of Windows. The share command is not
 available in 64-bit versions of Windows.
Share is only available in Windows 10, 8,
7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS
files.
Shift The shift command is used to change the
position of replaceable parameters in a
batch or script file. The shift command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Showmount The showmount command is used to
display information about NFS mounted
file systems. The showmount command
is available in Windows 7 and Windows
Vista. The showmount command is not
available by default in Windows Vista or
Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning
on the Services for NFS Windows feature
from Programs and Features in Control
Panel. The showmount command is not
available in Windows 11, 10, or 8
because Service for UNIX (SFU) was
discontinued.
Shutdown The shutdown command can be used to
shut down, restart, or log off the current
system or a remote computer. The
shutdown command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Smartdrv The smartdrv command installs and
configures SMARTDrive, a disk caching
utility for MS-DOS. The smartdrv
 command is available in Windows 98 and
95, as well as in MS-DOS. Caching is
automatic beginning in Windows XP,
making the smartdrv command
unnecessary.
Sort The sort command is used to read data
from a specified input, sort that data,
and return the results of that sort to the
Command Prompt screen, a file, or
another output device. The sort
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Start The start command is used to open a
new command line window to run a
specified program or command. The start
command can also be used to start an
application without creating a new
window. The start command is available
in all versions of Windows.
Subst The subst command is used to associate
a local path with a drive letter. The subst
command is a lot like the net use
command except a local path is used
instead of a shared network path. The
subst command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS. The subst command replaced the
assign command beginning with MS-DOS
6.0.
Sxstrace The sxstrace command is used to start
the WinSxs Tracing Utility, a
programming diagnostic tool. The
 sxstrace command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Sys The sys command is used to copy the
MS-DOS system files and command
interpreter to a disk. The sys command
is available in Windows 98 and 95, as
well as in MS-DOS. The sys command is
used most often to create a simple
bootable disk or hard drive. The
necessary system files for Windows are
too large to fit on a disk, so the sys
command was removed beginning in
Windows XP.
Systeminfo The systeminfo command is used to
display basic Windows configuration
information for the local or a remote
computer. The systeminfo command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Takeown The takedown command is used to
regain access to a file that that an
administrator was denied access to
when reassigning ownership of the file.
The takeown command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Taskkill The taskkill command is used to
terminate a running task. The taskkill
command is the command line equivalent
of ending a process in Task Manager in
 Windows. The taskkill command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Tasklist Displays a list of applications, services,
and the Process ID (PID) currently
running on either a local or a remote
computer. The tasklist command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Tcmsetup The tcmsetup command is used to set up
or disable the Telephony Application
Programming Interface (TAPI) client. The
tcmsetup command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Telnet The telnet command is used to
communicate with remote computers
that use the Telnet protocol. The telnet
command is available in all versions of
Windows. The telnet command is not
available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8,
7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning
on the Telnet Client Windows feature
from Programs and Features in Control
Panel.
Tftp The tftp command is used to transfer
files to and from a remote computer
that's running the Trivial File Transfer
Protocol (TFTP) service or daemon. The
 tftp command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The tftp
command is not available by default in
some versions of Windows, but can be
enabled by turning on the TFTP Client
Windows feature from Programs and
Features in Control Panel.
Time The time command is used to show or
change the current time. The time
command is available in all versions of
Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Timeout The timeout command is typically used
in a batch or script file to provide a
specified timeout value during a
procedure. The timeout command can
also be used to ignore keypresses. The
timeout command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Title The title command is used to set the
Command Prompt window title. The title
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Tlntadmn The tlntadmn command is used to
administer a local or remote computer
running Telnet Server. The tlntadmn
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The
tlntadmn command is not available by
 default in some versions of Windows, but
can be enabled by turning on the Telnet
Server Windows feature from Programs
and Features in Control Panel.
Tpmvscmgr The tpmvscmgr command is used to
create and destroy TPM virtual smart
cards. The tpmvscmgr command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
and Windows 8.
Tracerpt The tracerpt command is used to
process event trace logs or real-time
data from instrumented event trace
providers. The tracerpt command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Tracert The tracert command sends Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo
Request messages to a specified remote
computer with increasing Time to Live
(TTL) field values and displays the IP
address and hostname, if available, of
the router interfaces between the source
and destination. The tracert command is
available in all versions of Windows.
Tree The tree command is used to graphically
display the folder structure of a specified
drive or path. The tree command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Tscon The tscon command is used to attach a
user session to a Remote Desktop
 session. The tscon command is available
in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Tsdiscon The tsdiscon command is used to
disconnect a Remote Desktop session.
The tsdiscon command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows
XP.
Tskill The tskill command is used to end the
specified process. The tskill command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Tsshutdn The tsshutdn command is used to
remotely shut down or restart a terminal
server. The tsshutdn command is
available in Windows XP. The ability to
shut down a computer remotely is also
available in the more powerful shutdown
command, so tsshutdn was removed
beginning in Windows Vista.
Type The type command is used to display the
information contained in a text file. The
type command is available in all versions
of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS.
Typeperf The typerperf command displays
performance data in the Command
Prompt window or writes the data to
specified log file. The typeperf command
is available in Windows 11, Windows
 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP.
Tzutil The tzutil command is used to display or
configure the current system's time
zone. The tzutil command can also be
used to enable or disable Daylight Saving
Time adjustments. The tzutil command is
available in Windows 11, Windows 10,
Windows 8, and Windows 7.
Umount The umount command is used to remove
Network File System (NFS) mounted
network shares. The umount command is
available in Windows 7 and Windows
Vista. The umount command is not
available by default in Windows Vista or
Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning
on the Services for NFS Windows feature
from Programs and Features in Control
Panel. The umount command is not
available in Windows 11, 10, or 8
because Service for UNIX (SFU) was
discontinued.
Undelete The undelete command is used to undo a
deletion performed with the MS-DOS
delete command. The undelete command
is only available in MS-DOS. The undelete
command was removed beginning in
Windows 95 due to the availability of the
Recycle Bin in Windows.
Additionally, free file recovery
programs are available from third-party
software makers.
Unformat The unformat command is used to undo
the formatting on a drive performed by
the MS-DOS format command. The
unformat command is only available in
MS-DOS. The unformat command was
removed beginning in Windows 95 due to
file system changes.
Unlock The unlock command is used to unlock a
drive, disabling direct disk access for a
program. The unlock command is only
available in Windows 98 and 95. Drive
locking is no longer available as of
Windows XP.
Unlodctr The unlodctr command removes Explain
text and Performance counter names for
a service or device driver from the
Windows Registry. The unlodctr
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Vaultcmd The vaultcmd command is used to
create, remove, and show stored
credentials. The vaultcmd command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.
Ver The ver command is used to display the
current Windows or MS-DOS version
number. The ver command is available in
all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Verify The verify command is used to enable or
disable the ability of Command Prompt,
 or MS-DOS, to verify that files are written
correctly to a disk. The verify command
is available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS.
Vol The vol command shows the volume
label and serial number of a specified
disk, assuming this information exists.
The vol command is available in all
versions of Windows, as well as in MS-
DOS.
Vsafe The vsafe command is used to start
VSafe, a basic virus protection system
for MS-DOS. The vsafe command is only
available in MS-DOS. VSafe was designed
for MS-DOS and Windows 3.x only.
Microsoft provides an optional virus
protection suite called Microsoft
Security Essentials for Windows XP and
later operating systems, and third-party
antivirus tools are available for all
versions of Windows.
Vssadmin The vssadmin command starts the
Volume Shadow Copy Service
administrative command line tool which
displays current volume shadow copy
backups and all installed shadow copy
writers and providers. The vssadmin
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
W32tm The w32tm command is used to diagnose
issues with Windows Time. The w32tm
 command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Waitfor The waitfor command is used to send or
wait for a signal on a system. The waitfor
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Wbadmin The wbadmin command is used to start
and stop backup jobs, display details
about a previous backup, list the items
within a backup, and report on the status
of a currently running backup. The
wbadmin command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The
wbadmin command replaced the
ntbackup command beginning in
Windows Vista.
Wecutil The wecutil command is used to manage
subscriptions to events that are
forwarded from WS-Management
supported computers. The wecutil
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and
Windows Vista.
Wevtutil The wevtutil command starts the
Windows Events Command Line Utility
which is used to manage event logs and
publishers. The wevtutil command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
 Vista.
Where The where command is used to search
for files that match a specified pattern.
The where command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Whoami The whoami command is used to retrieve
user name and group information on a
network. The whoami command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Winmgmt The winmgmt command starts the
command line version of WMI, a scripting
tool in Windows. The winmgmt command
is available in all versions of Windows.
Winrm The winrm command is used to start the
command line version of Windows
Remote Management, used to manage
secure communications with local and
remote computers using web services.
The winrm command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Winrs The winrs command is used to open a
secure command window with a remote
host. The winrs command is available in
Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8,
Windows 7, and Windows Vista.
Winsat The winsat command starts the Windows
System Assessment Tool, a program that
assesses various features, attributes,
 and capabilities of a computer running
Windows. The winsat command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Wmic The wmic command starts the Windows
Management Instrumentation Command
line (WMIC), a scripting interface that
simplifies the use of Windows
Management Instrumentation (WMI) and
systems managed via WMI. The wmic
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7,
Windows Vista, and Windows XP.
Wsmanhttpco The wsmanhttpconfig command is used
nfig to manage aspects of the Windows
Remote Management (WinRM) service.
The wsmanhttpconfig command is
available in Windows 11, Windows
10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows
Vista.
Xcopy The xcopy command can copy one or
more files or directory trees from one
location to another. The xcopy command
is generally considered a more
"powerful" version of the copy command
through the robocopy command trumps
even xcopy. The xcopy command is
available in all versions of Windows, as
well as in MS-DOS. A command by the
name of xcopy32 existed in Windows 95
and Windows 98. To avoid a long and
 confusing explanation here, just know
that no matter if you executed the xcopy
command or the xcopy32 command, you
were always executing the most updated
version of the command.
Xwizard The xwizard command, short for
Extensible Wizard, is used to register
data in Windows, often from a
preconfigured XML file. The xwizard
command is available in Windows 11,
Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.