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Science
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Using Compound Microscope

AIRs - LM
Science
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Using Compound Microscope
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Mary Jane F. Padilla

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Science
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Using Compound Microscope
 Target
Hello! Good Day and may God bless you today!

Are you willing to join me to visit the world of Microscopy? Well if you are
ready, get your paper and ballpen because you will need them on your journey to the
world of Microscopy as biologist do.

Microscopes are instruments that are used in science laboratories, to visualize

very minute objects such as cells, microorganisms, giving a contrasting image that
is magnified. Microscopes are made up of lenses for magnification, each with their
own magnification powers. Depending on the type of lens, it will magnify the
specimen according to its focal strength.

In your previous module, you have learned the parts of the microscope and
their functions which is a pre-requisite in performing the tasks on how to manipulate
and focus the microscope properly.

This module will provide you information and activities that help you
understand and learn on how to handle the microscope correctly, and can efficiently
get images into the proper focus for study.

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the objectives:

Learning Competency:
• Focus specimen using the compound microscope (S7LT-IIb-2)

Learning Objectives:
1. Recall the major parts of the microscope
2. Describe the image formed in a microscope and determine its magnification
3. Demonstrate the correct way of focusing specimen being observed under a
microscope
 LESSON
1 How to Use a Microscope

Jumpstart

Let us proceed with the new lesson to be presented through a poem. You’ve
got what it takes to be a conqueror if you read carefully this poem and discover on
how to focus specimens using a microscope.

Direction: Read and understand the poem, then answer the guide questions below.

Microscope
By Nay Dec 2015
(https://hellopoetry.com/words/microscope/)

You said that I'm a loser

Who talks a lot about loving you without even try to approach you
Who keep silent when your past still haunting you
Who could not make you to be focused to look at me

Well, how should I put it?

It's no use to examine a specimen
When the coarse and fine focus were not rotated exactly the way it should be to
look at the object

You will never see the object – nor my venture

you and I are in the reverse position, it just happen that now I realize what you feel
before.

How are you feeling so far? Did you find the poem interesting and effective
learning resource? If your answer is a big yes, let us find out! Now, answer the
questions given below.

Guide Questions:
1. What are the parts of the microscope mentioned in the poem?
2. In what position does the object looks like under the microscope?
3. What will happen if you did not rotate exactly the coarse and fine focus?
 Discover
INTRODUCTION

The compound light microscope uses diffused light from the sun or artificial
light to illuminate the object to be observed. From its source, visible light passes
through the small or thin specimen to be observed through the glass lenses. As
light passes through the lenses, it is bent so specimen appears bigger when it is
projected to the eye. The form and structure of the specimen can be seen because
some of their parts reflect light.

I. Use and Care of the Microscope

A microscope is a high quality instrument and should last 25-30 years if treated
properly and with care. Following these simple instructions will not only help you
care for your microscope and keep it in good working condition, but will also help
you get the most out of your microscope.

1. When moving your microscope, always carry it with both

hands (Figure 1, at left). Grasp the arm with one hand and place
the other hand under the base for support.

2. Turn the revolving nosepiece so that the lowest power

objective lens is "clicked" into position (This is also the shortest
https://microscope-
objective lens).
microscope.org/microscope-
info/how-to-use-a-
microscope/
3. Your microscope slide should be prepared by placing a coverslip
or cover glass over the specimen. This will help protect the objective
lenses if they touch the slide. Place the microscope slide on the stage and
fasten it with the stage clips. You can push down on
the back end of the stage clip to open it.

4. Look at the objective lens and the stage from the side
(Figure 2, at right) and turn the coarse focus knob so
that the objective lens moves downward (or the stage, if
it moves, goes upward). Move it as far as it will
go without touching the
slide! https://microscope-
microscope.org/micr
oscope-info/how-to-
5. Now, look through the eyepiece use-a-microscope/

and adjust the illuminator (or mirror) and

diaphragm (Figure 3, at left) for the greatest amount of
light.

6. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment so that the

objective lens goes up (away from the slide). Continue until
https://microscope- the image comes into focus. Use the fine adjustment, if
microscope.org/micro available, for fine focusing. If you have a microscope with a moving stage,
scope-info/how-to-
use-a-microscope/ then turn the coarse knob so the stage moves downward or away from the
objective lens.
 7. Move the microscope slide around so that the image is in the center of the field
of view and readjust the mirror, illuminator or diaphragm for the clearest
image.

8. Now, you should be able to change to the next objective lens with only minimal
use of the focusing adjustment. Use the fine adjustment, if available. If you
cannot focus on your specimen, repeat steps 4 through 7 with the higher
power objective lens in place. Do not allow the objective lens to touch the
slide!

9. The proper way to use a monocular microscope is to look through the eyepiece
with one eye and keep the other eye open (this helps avoid eye strain). If you
have to close one eye when looking into the microscope, it's ok. Remember,
everything is upside down and backwards. When you move the slide to the
right, the image goes to the left. Always in an opposite direction!

10. Do not touch the glass part of the lenses with your fingers. Use only special
lens paper to clean the lenses.

11. When finished, raise the tube (or lower the stage), click the low power lens into
position and remove the slide.

12. Always keep your microscope covered when not in use. Dust is the number
one enemy! Remember, microscopes are expensive scientific instruments.
Handle them properly and carefully and they will last for many years!

II. Magnification or magnifying power

There are three lenses in the microscope. The top lens is called the eyepiece
or ocular. It is the lens closest to the eye. The other two lenses are called objectives.
These are the lenses closest to the object. The object is on a microscope slide.
Different lenses magnify in different powers. The power of magnification is marked
by a number with an x next to it. A lens that magnifies ten times is marked 10x. If
the eyepiece is marked 10x and the objective 10x, then the total magnification is
100x. To find the total magnification of a microscope, just multiply the two
magnifications.
EYEPIECE LENS OBJECTIVE LENS TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
10x x 4x (scanning) = 40x
10x x 10x (low power) = 100x
10x x 40x (high power) = 400x
10x x 100x (oil immersion) = 1000x

III. The Lens Effect

The mirrors in the microscope flip and reverse the image before it reaches your
eyes. This is called the lens effect. This may be a little confusing at first, but with
practice you will learn to move the slide in the desired direction with no problem.
 Explore

The following activities will help you master and enhance your ability on how to
use the microscope properly.

ACTIVITY 1: FILL ME AND FOLLOW MY STEPS

How do we use a microscope to observe a specimen?

Direction: Complete the following steps with the words provided. Then answer the
questions below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

microscope eyepiece objective coarse slide specimen

adjustment knob
mirror stage clips fine adjustment image reverse
knob

Steps:
1

Put a table lamp in front of the __________.

Put a low-power (e.g. 5x) ____________ into the

microscope.

3
Rotate a low-power ______________ into position.
 4
Look through the eyepiece. Adjust the ____________
until you see a bright circle of light.

5
Place a slide on the ____________ , and fix it
with the_____ . The _________ on the slide
should be right above the hole of the stage.

6
Look at the microscope from the side. Turn the
__________ carefully to lower the objective until it is
very close to the______ .

7
Look through the eyepiece. Turn the coarse
adjustment knob to raise the objective slowly until
you can see an_________ of the specimen.

8
Turn the _______________ to get a sharper image.
The image is now in focus.

The mirrors in the microscope flip and _______ the

image before it reaches your eyes.
(Source: Images 1 to 8 from https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/edu-system/primary-
secondary/applicable-to-secondary/moi/support-and-resources/science-education-secondary-1-to-
3/s1%20topic%207%20using%20a%20microscope.pdf)

Guide Questions: (Answer in complete sentences)

1. What should you do with the mirror to be able to catch light?

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is it important to check and rotate the diaphragm?

__________________________________________________________________________

3. What objective should you set first when you want to focus the specimen?

___________________________________________________________________________
 4. What should you put on the slide?

__________________________________________________________________________

5. What should you move down so that the objective lens will be near to the
specimen?

___________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2: OBSERVING SPECIMEN

The Letter ‘e’

Materials: Light microscope, Letter “e” slides

➢ Center the slide of the letter “e” on the stage with the “e” in its normal
upright position. Bring the letter into focus under low power using the
procedures described above (Activity 1).

e Position of the letter “e” on the slide (using your eyes only).

Image of letter “e” under the microscope

Guide Questions: (Answer in complete sentences)

1. How does the position of the letter viewed through the microscope differ from
the actual position of the letter on the slide?

__________________________________________________________________________
(Hint: magnified, inverted)

2. Find the total magnification of Letter “e”, if the eyepiece used is 5x and the
objective lens is 10x.

_________________________________________________________________________
(Hint: total magnification = magnification of the eyepiece x magnification of
the objective)

3. While looking through the microscope, move the slide to the left, notice
which way the letter “e” moved. Now move the slide to the right. Notice
which way the letter “e” moved. Do the same with moving the slide away
and towards you.
A. When you move the slide to the left on the stage, what direction does the
image appear to move? _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 B. When you move the slide away from you on the stage, what direction does
the image appear to move? _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

C. Why is it important to explore this? _____________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Deepen

Sequential Paragraph

Direction: Fill in the template below to help you create a sequential paragraph about
the steps involved in using a microscope. Remember, you must use the following
parts of the microscope in your paragraph; eyepiece lens, revolving nosepiece, stage
and stage clips, objective lens, and coarse focus.

Question: What are the steps involved in the process of using a microscope?
Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________________
(Turn the question into a statement to create your topic sentence.)

Details:

First Step:
First,____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Second Step:
Then,____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Third Step:
Next,____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Fourth Step:
After that,_______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Fifth Step:
Finally,__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Clincher sentence:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Gauge

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. Edna wants to focus an animal cell specimen. Which objective will she click first
to focus?
A. High power objective (40-60X) C. oil immersion (100 X)
B. Low power objective (10 X) D. scanner (4X)

2. What can be found under the stage that needs to be checked if you will focus the
specimen being observed?
A. Arm B. Base C. Diaphragm D. Mirror

3. Why should you LOOK under the stage?

A. To check the diaphragm
B. To adjust the diaphragm
C. To make sure that there is enough light passing through the stage
D. All of the above

4. What should the student move down so that the eyepiece and the objectives will
be closer to the specimen on the slide?
A. Arm B. Base C. Body tube D. Stage

5. What knob should you roll in order to slightly move the body tube and focus the
specimen being observed under high power objective (HPO)?
A. Arm C. Coarse adjustment knob
B. Body tube D. Fine adjustment knob

6. Justin needs to raise the stage to focus the specimen he is studying using the low
power objective. Which part should he manipulate?
A. Coarse focus C. Objective lens
B. Fine focus D. Revolving nosepiece

7. Which of the following should be used in obtaining a sharp image in observing

specimen under the high power objective?
A. Coarse focus C. Objective lens
B. Fine focus D. Revolving nosepiece
8. You are to transfer the microscope to the next room. Which parts should you be
holding in carrying the microscope properly?
A. Arm and base C. Base and mirror
B. Arm and eyepiece D. Base and stage

9. An animal cell being observed is seen at the topmost part of the field of view
under the low power objective (LPO). If you want to center the specimen, which
direction should you move the slide?
A. Forward or away from you C. Move to the right side
B. Toward or near to you D. Move to the left side

10. Which of the following shows letter “e” seen under the microscope?
A. B. C. D.

11. The circle below represents the field of view of the microscope. The rectangle
represents the plant cell being viewed and the star represents the center. If you
would be asked to bring the image of the specimen to the center, how will you
move the slide?
A. Move away from you
B. Move towards you
C. Move to the right
D. Move to the left

12. Which of the following is the correct way of carrying a microscope?

A. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand.
B. Hold the base by grasping with two hands.
C. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand and the stage with the other
hand.
D. Hold the arm by grasping it with one hand and support the base with the
other hand.

13. Why it is necessary for the specimen to be observed under the microscope must
be thin?
A. So that the image will be clearer
B. So that the image would be bigger
C. So that light could pass through the specimen
D. So that a high magnification objective can be used

14. A student is looking at pollen under the microscope. If the eyepiece of the
microscope he is using has the inscriptions 5x and 45x for the objective used,
how many times is the pollen magnified?
A. 9x or 9 times C. 50x or 50 times
B. 40x or 40 times D. 225x or 225 times

15. What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens
has a magnification of 15x and the other lens has a magnification of 30x?
A. 15x or 15 times C. 30x or 30 times
B. 45x or 45 times D. 450x or 450 times
Jumpstart
Answer to Guide Questions
1. Coarse and fine adjustment knob (focus)
2. Reverse/inverted
3. The object/image is not clear or totally no image
Explore
Activity 1: Fill Me and Follow My Steps
Complete the table
1. Microscope 5. Stage, clips, specimen
2. Eyepiece 6. Coarse adjustment knob, slide
3. Objective 7. Image
4. Mirror 8. Fine adjustment knob, reverse
Answer to Guide Questions
1. Adjust the mirror until you see a bright circle of light.
2. It is important to check and rotate the diaphragm because the amount of light
reflected and changed, the bigger the opening, the greater light reflected.
3. Set first to the lowest power objective (scanner). If there’s no scanner, use the LPO.
4. Put the specimen/object to be observed on the slide.
5. Move the coarse adjustment knob (focus)
Activity 2: Observing specimen
Answer to Guide Questions:
1. The image is lager or is enlarged as compared to the one using the eyes only. With the
microscope, the letter also appears inversely, grainy and not in straight lines.
2. The total magnification is 50x or 50 times. (5x * 10x = 50x).
3. A. The slide moves to the right.
B. The slide moves toward me.
C. Knowing how the controls will move the slide will help you to locate objects on the
slide much easier and faster.
Deepen
Sequential Paragraph: Answers will vary depending on the learners understanding and
mastery about the steps involved in using a microscope.
Possible Answer:
Topic sentence: Steps involved in the process of using a microscope.
First, every time you move the microscope to your workplace, always use both hands. Hold
the arm with one hand and support the base with the other hand.
Then, select the lowest power lens. Put the lowest eyepiece into the microscope and turn the
revolving nosepiece so that the lowest objective lens is “clicked” in position.
Next, while looking through the eyepiece, adjust the light source by adjusting the mirror and
diaphragm until you see a bright white circle of light.
After that, place a slide for viewing. To put the slide with specimen into place, center the
specimen to be viewed over the opening of the stage and use the stage clips to hold the slide
in place.
Finally, to view the specimen, slowly and carefully turn the coarse focus or coarse adjustment
knob to lower the body tube and the low power objective lens until almost touches the slide.
Continue moving the coarse focus up and down until the specimen comes into focus or view.
DO NOT let the objective lens touch the slide. Use the fine focus, if available, for fine focusing
or clearest view.
Clincher sentence: When you finished using the microscope, proper care should be observed.
Handle them properly and should be covered when not in use.
Gauge
1. D 4. C 7. B 10. A 13. C
2. C 5. D 8. A 11. D 14. D
3. D 6. A 9. A 12. D 15. D
Answer Key
References

BOOKS

• Valdoz, Meliza P., Abistado, Jonna M., Madriano, Jan Jason M., and
Madriaga, Estrellita A., Science Links 7 Worktext. Sampaloc, Manila. Rex
Book Store, Inc., 2013
• Learner’s Module, K-12 Grade 7 Science (Second Quarter, BIOLOGY)

LINKS

• https://hellopoetry.com/words/microscope/
• https://microscope-microscope.org/microscope-info/how-to-use-a-
microscope/
• https://redwoods.instructure.com/courses/2715/files/126991
• https://www.landmarkoutreach.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/07/MicroscopeSpotlight.pdf
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-biolabs1/chapter/microscope/
• http://www.csun.edu/scied/7-microscopy/microscopy-
techniques/microscopy_index.html
• https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/microscope-use.html
• https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/edu-system/primary-
secondary/applicable-to-secondary/moi/support-and-resources/science-
education-secondary-1-to-
3/s1%20topic%207%20using%20a%20microscope.pdf
• http://mrsancheta.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/1/6/16166098/microscope_w
orksheet.pdf
• https://bluegrass.kctcs.edu/education-training/media/natural-
sciences/biology/bio137/lab2/137labexercise2.pdf
• https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/microscopes4schools/microscopes2.php
• https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Compound-Microscope#Focusing-the-
Microscope