Mapua University

School of Electrical, Electronics and

Computer Engineering Muralla St.

Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

Experiment 4:
Nodal Analysis

Submitted by:

Brosoto, Christian Lorenz S.

2022104523

EEA101L/E06

September 25, 2023

Submitted to:

Engr. Marianne Sejera

Objectives

1. To investigate the effects of nodal analysis on multiple active linear sources in a network.

2. To verify that the linear response at any point in a nodal circuit is similar to Kirchhoff’s

current law.

Laboratory Equipment

Quantity Apparatus

1 set Computer unit with a full version of Tina Pro circuit simulator

Theoretical Discussion

Nodal analysis is a method that uses Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) to obtain a solution

of simultaneous equations that when manipulated will provide a means of solving for the

voltages on each node and for every branch.

Preliminary Data Sheet

Figure 1.0
Tina Pro Simulation

Table 1 Nodal Analysis:

Node Voltages Currents

Simulated V1 V2 V3 I1 I2 I3

Values -13.65 V 6.35 V -20 V -16.53 mA 19.18 mA -20.16 mA

V1 V2 V3 I1 I2 I3

Calculated -13.65 V 6.35 V -20 V -16.53 mA 19.18 mA -20.16 mA

Values
Solutions

Nodal Analysis:

at Node X: 𝑉𝑥 = 20𝑉 at Node (A, B):

𝑉1 −𝑉𝑥 𝑉 𝑉2 −𝑉3 𝑉
at Node C: 𝑉3 = −20𝑉 ❖ 1
+ 826 + 2
+ 331 =0
477 388

at Super node between A and B: 𝑉1 −20 𝑉1 𝑉2 +20 2 𝑉

❖ + 826 + + 331 =0
477 388
❖ −𝑉1 + 𝑉2 = 20𝑉 …. Eq. 1
1 1 1 1
❖ (477 + 826) 𝑉1 + (388 + 331) 𝑉2 =

20 20
(477 − 288)

❖ (3.307089812 × 10−3 )𝑉1 +

719 445
(128428) 𝑉2 = (− 46269) …. Eq.2

Solving for unknowns:

➢ 𝑉1 = −13.65 𝑉

➢ 𝑉2 = 6.35 𝑉

➢ 𝑉3 = −20 𝑉
Questions and Problems

1. How many node equations are obtained from an N number of nodes present on a given

circuit?

2. What technique is employed if (a) a voltage source appears connected to a given node

and the reference node (ground) in a given nodal circuit? (b) a voltage source lies

between two given nodes of a given nodal circuit.

3. What basic laws are the underlying principles of Mesh Analysis and Nodal Analysis?

4. Determine the nodal voltages in Fig. A and verify the results using MatLab.

5. Determine the nodal voltages in Fig. B and verify the results using MatLab.
Answers:

1. Kirchhoff's current law is applied in nodal analysis. There will be 'n-1' simultaneous

equations to solve when there are 'n' nodes in a given electrical circuit. As a result, the

number of node equations can be denoted as Number of Node Equations = Node - 1.

2. (a) If a voltage source is connected to a non-reference node and the reference node in a

particular nodal circuit, the nodal voltage at that node is equivalent to the voltage of the

source.

(b) We utilize a method known as a "super node," which is a theoretical approach that can

be utilized for analyzing a circuit when a voltage source is positioned between two nodes

that are not the reference node within a given nodal circuit.

3. Mesh Analysis and Nodal Analysis are two essential approaches in electrical circuit

analysis that are based on Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law

(KCL). As a result, Mesh Analysis is based on KVL (Kirchhoff's Voltage Law), which is

concerned with voltage loops or meshes in a circuit, whereas Nodal Analysis is based on

KCL (Kirchhoff's Current Law), which is concerned with current nodes or junctions in a

circuit. These two techniques are compatible and can be used to evaluate complex

electrical circuits using basic circuit analysis laws.

 4. Answer:

Let V4 be the reference node: at Node 3:

❖ 𝑉4 = 0 𝑉 ❖ −25 + 2 (𝑉3 − 𝑉2 ) + 4 (𝑉3 − 𝑉1 ) +

5𝑉3 = 0

at Node 1: ❖ −4𝑉1 − 2𝑉2 + 11𝑉3 = 25 …. Eq. 3

❖ 8 + 3 + 3 (𝑉1 − 𝑉2 ) + 4 (𝑉1 − 𝑉2 ) = 0

❖ 7 𝑉1 − 3 𝑉2 − 4𝑉3 = −11 …. Eq. 1 Solving for uknowns:

at Node 2: • 𝑉1 = 1𝑉

❖ −3 + 3 (𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ) + 𝑉2 + 2 (𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ) = • 𝑉2 = 2𝑉

0 • 𝑉3 = 3𝑉

❖ −3𝑉1 + 6𝑉2 − 2𝑉3 = 3 …. Eq. 2 • 𝑉4 = 0𝑉

 5. Answer:

We can convert the given conductance to ❖ −7𝑉1 + 4𝑉2 + 9𝑉3 = 28 …. Eq.2

1
resistance by using 𝑅 = Take note:
℧
𝐼𝑥
at Node 1: ❖ 𝑉3 − 𝑉2 = 2

𝑉1 −𝑉2 𝑉3 −𝑉1
❖ 1 − (−2) − (−3) + 1 =0 ❖ 𝐼𝑥 = 4(𝑉1 − 𝑉3 )
3 4

❖ 2𝑉1 + 𝑉2 − 3𝑉3 = 0 …. Eq. 3

❖ 7𝑉1 + 3𝑉2 − 4𝑉3 = −11 …. Eq. 1

at Node 2 and 3 (Super Node):

Solving for unknowns:
𝑉2 −𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑉3
❖ 1 + + (−3) + 1 + (−25) +
1
3 5 • 𝑉1 = 1.7051 𝑉
𝑉3 −𝑉1
1 =0 • 𝑉2 = 4.2436 𝑉
4

• 𝑉3 = 2.5513 𝑉
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