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Advanced Web Development-Lecture 2

The document discusses PHP comments, variables, and string functions. It provides examples of single-line and multi-line comments in PHP. It describes how to declare PHP variables and the rules for valid variable names. It also discusses variable scope and how to access variables globally or within functions using keywords like global and static. Finally, it introduces some common PHP string functions like strlen(), str_word_count(), and str_replace().

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OHENE JONES
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43 views20 pages

Advanced Web Development-Lecture 2

The document discusses PHP comments, variables, and string functions. It provides examples of single-line and multi-line comments in PHP. It describes how to declare PHP variables and the rules for valid variable names. It also discusses variable scope and how to access variables globally or within functions using keywords like global and static. Finally, it introduces some common PHP string functions like strlen(), str_word_count(), and str_replace().

Uploaded by

OHENE JONES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BSIT 311 ADVANCED WEB PROGRAMMING

BSIT 311 ADVANCED WEB


/CSCP 369 WEB APPLICATIONS
PROGRAMMING/
CSCP 369 WEB APPLICATIONS
BY

KINGSLEY KWAME DRAH

COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT


GOALS OF THE LECTURE
•PHP Comments

•Variables

•String functions
PHP Comments
Comments in PHP
A comment in PHP code is a line that is not executed as a part of the
program. Its only purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at
the code.
Comments can be used to:
• Let others understand your code
• Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have
experienced coming back to their own work a year or two later and
having to re-figure out what they did. Comments can remind you of
what you were thinking when you wrote the code
PHP supports several ways of commenting:
Single-line example
Syntax for single-line comments:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// This is a single-line comment

# This is also a single-line comment


?>

</body>
</html>
Multiple-Line example
Syntax for multiple-line comments:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
/*
This is a multiple-lines comment block
that spans over multiple
lines
*/
?>
</body>
</html>
Using comments to leave out parts of the code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// You can also use comments to leave out parts of a code line

$x = 5 /* + 15 */ + 5;
echo $x;
?>

</body>
</html>
PHP Variables
Variables are "containers" for storing information.
Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables
In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the
variable:
<?php

$txt = "Hello world!"; //string value


$x = 5; //integer value
$y = 10.5; //floating point value

?>
After execution of the statements above, the
variable $txt will hold the value Hello
world! , the variable $x will hold the value 5,
and the variable $y will hold the value 10.5.

Note: When you assign a text value to a variable, put quotes around
the value.

Note: Unlike other programming languages, PHP has no command for


declaring a variable. It is created the moment you first assign a value to
it.
PHP Variables
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive
name (age, carname, total_volume).
Rules for PHP variables:
• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and $AGE are two different
variables)
Class Activity
Determine whether the following variables are valid or invalid
1. $Cat
2. $9_myvar
3. [email protected]
4. $C:/xyz
5. $Total_Score
6. $If
7. $I_know_my_variables
8. variable_t
9. t_graph
Class Activity - Answers
Determine whether the following variables are valid or invalid
1. $Cat - valid
2. $9_myvar - invalid
3. [email protected] - invalid
4. $C:/xyz - invalid
5. $Total_Score - valid
6. $If - valid
7. $I_know_my_variables - valid
8. variable_t - invalid
9. t_graph_$ - invalid
Output Variables
The PHP echo statement is often used to output data to the screen.
The following example will show how to output text and a variable:
Example 1 Example 2
<?php <?php

$txt = "W3Schools.com"; $x = 5;
echo "I love $txt!"; $y = 4;
echo $x + $y;
?>
?>
PHP is a Loosely Typed Language
In the example above, notice that we did not have
to tell PHP which data type the variable is.

PHP automatically associates a data type to the


variable, depending on its value. Since the data
types are not set in a strict sense, you can do
things like adding a string to an integer without
causing an error.
PHP Variables Scope
PHP Variables Scope
In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script.
The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the
variable can be referenced/used.
PHP has three different variable scopes:
• local
• global
• static
Global Scope
A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE and can
only be accessed outside a function:
<?php
$x = 5; // global scope

function myTest() {
// using x inside this function will generate an
error
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
myTest();

echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";


?>
Local Scope
A variable declared within a function has a LOCAL SCOPE and can only
be accessed within that function:
<?php
function myTest() {
$x = 5; // local scope
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
myTest();

// using x outside the function will generate an


error
echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";
?>
PHP The global Keyword
The global keyword is used to access a global variable from within a function.
To do this, use the global keyword before the variables (inside the function):

<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 10;
function myTest() {
global $x, $y;
$y = $x + $y;
}
myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15
?>
PHP The static Keyword
Normally, when a function is completed/executed, all of its variables are deleted.
However, sometimes we want a local variable NOT to be deleted. We need it for a
further job.
To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the
variable:
<?php
function myTest() {
static $x = 0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}
myTest();
myTest();
myTest();
?>
PHP String Functions
A string is a sequence of characters, like "Hello world!".

Some string functions:


• strlen() - Return the Length of a String
• str_word_count() - Count Words in a String
• strrev() - Reverse a String
• strpos() - Search For a Text Within a String
• str_replace() - Replace Text Within a String
Used Examples:
<?php
echo strlen("Hello world!"); // outputs 12

echo str_word_count("Hello world!"); // outputs 2

echo strrev("Hello world!"); // outputs !dlrow olleH

echo strpos("Hello world!", "world"); // outputs 6

echo str_replace("world", "Dolly", "Hello world!"); //


outputs Hello Dolly!
?>

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