JSPM’s

JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC,

Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune-28
Department of Computer Engineering
Academic Year 2023-24

MICRO PROJECT
TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Implementation Of Sequences,Indexes and synonym .

Program: CO Program code: CO3I

Course: Computer Graphics Course code: 22318
Class: SYCO1 Group No: I
Project Guide: Ms.K.M.Shirole

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Padmavati Mandale,Pratap Maske,Saurabh Devkate,

Aditi Kamble Roll No. 33, 34, 35, 36 of III Semester of Diploma in Computer
Engineering of Institute JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC (Code:
0711) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject Database
Management System (22319) for the academic year 2023- 2024 as prescribed in
the curriculum.

Place: Hadapsar, Pune. Enrollment No: 2107110654

2107110684
2107110632
2107110464

Date: ……………. Exam Seat No:

……………….

………………………………..

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

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 MICRO PROJECT
GROUP DETAILS

Sr No. Roll No. Name Enrollment No. Seat No.

1 33 Padmavati Mandale
2 34 Pratap Maske
3 35 Saurabh Devkate
4 36 Aditi Kamble

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 INDEX

Sr No. Content Page No.

1 Certificate 1

2 Group Details 2

3 Index 3

4 Annexure 1 4

5 Sequences 5

6 Indexes 6

7 synonyms 7

8 8
Annexure 2
9 9
Annexure 3(Teachers Evaluation Sheet)

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 JSPM’s

JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC, Handewadi Road,

Hadapsar, Pune-28

Department of Computer Engineering

Academic Year 2023-24

Title of Micro project: Implementation of sequences, indexes and synonyms.

1.0 Brief Introduction:

1. In this project we have write a query execution of sequences indexes and synonyms.
2. By creating the database we perform given operation.
3. In this project we have create a database query.
4. Develop c programs to draw basic graphics object.

2.0 Aim of Micro Project (In about 4 to 5 sentences)

This micro-Project aims at:

● Write a query execution of sequences indexes and synonyms

● Displaying image data effectively.

3.0Action Plan

Sr. Details of activity Planned start Planned Finish Name of Responsible

No date date Team members

1 Creating a query 30 October 1 November

2023 2023 1.Padmavati Mandale

2 Run queryinto single program 30 October 1 November 2. Pratap Maske
and debugging errors. 3. Saurabh Devkate
2023 2023

3 Compilation of report and 2 November 3 November 4. Aditi Kamble

presentation.
2023 2023

4 Final submission of micro 3 November 4 November

project.
2023 2023

5
4.0 Resources required

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

No. resource /
material

1 Computer Processor: 1
system with Inter®Pentium®[email protected].
broad
specifications Installed Memory-RAM: 4.00GB.

System type:32-bit Operating System

2 Software Turbo C 1

 INTRODUCTION OF DBMS :

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system that is designed

to manage and organize data in a structured manner. It allows users to create,
modify, and query a database, as well as manage the security and access
controls for that database.

 FEATURES OF DBMS :

Some key features of a DBMS include:

1.Data modeling: A DBMS provides tools for creating and modifying data
models, which define the structure and relationships of the data in a database.

2.Data storage and retrieval: A DBMS is responsible for storing and retrieving
data from the database, and can provide various methods for searching and
querying the data.

3.Concurrency control: A DBMS provides mechanisms for controlling

concurrent access to the database, to ensure that multiple users can access the
data without conflicting with each other.

4.Data integrity and security: A DBMS provides tools for enforcing data
integrity and security constraints, such as constraints on the values of data and
access controls that restrict who can access the data.

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5.Backup and recovery: A DBMS provides mechanisms for backing up and
recovering the data in the event of a system failure.

DBMS can be classified into two types: Relational Database Management

System (RDBMS) and Non-Relational Database Management System (NoSQL
or Non-SQL)

6.RDBMS: Data is organized in the form of tables and each table has a set of
rows and columns. The data is related to each other through primary and
foreign keys.

7.NoSQL: Data is organized in the form of key-value pairs, document, graph, or

column-based. These are designed to handle large-scale, high-performance
scenarios

 SQL SEQUENCES:

SQL sequences specifies the properties of a sequence object while creating it.
An object bound to a user-defined schema called a sequence produces a series
of numerical values in accordance with the specification used to create it.

The series of numerical values can be configured to restart (cycle) when it runs
out and is generated in either ascending or descending order at a predetermined
interval. Contrary to identity columns, sequences are not linked to particular
tables.

Applications use a sequence object to access the next value in the sequence.
The application has control over how sequences and tables interact. A sequence
object can be referred to by user applications, and the values can be coordinated
across various rows and tables.

 DIFFERENT FEATURES OF SQUENCES:

A sequence is a database object that generates and produces integer values in

sequential order

1. It automatically generates the primary key and unique key values.

2. It may be in ascending or descending order.

3. It can be used for multiple tables.

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 4. Sequence numbers are stored and generated independently of tables.
5. It saves time by reducing application code.

6. It is used to generate unique integers.

7. It is used to create an auto number field.

8. Useful when you need to create a unique number to act as a primary key.

9. Oracle provides an object called a Sequence that can generate numeric

values. The value generated can have maximum of 38 digits

10.Provide intervals between numbers.

SYNTAX OF CREATING SEQUENCES:

The syntax to create a sequence in Oracle is:

CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name

MINVALUE value
MAXVALUE value
START WITH value
INCREMENT BY value
CACHE value;

EXAMPLE:

Let's look at an example of how to create a sequence in Oracle.

For example:

CREATE SEQUENCE supplier_seq

MINVALUE 1
MAXVALUE 999999999999999999999999999
START WITH 1

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 INCREMENT BY 1
CACHE 20;

This would create a sequence object called supplier_seq. The first sequence
number that it would use is 1 and each subsequent number would increment by
1 (ie: 2,3,4,...}. It will cache up to 20 values for performance.

If you omit the MAXVALUE option, your sequence will automatically default
to:

MAXVALUE 999999999999999999999999999

DROP SEQUENCE:

Once you have created your sequence in Oracle, you might find that you need
to remove it from the database.

SYNTAX:

The syntax to a drop a sequence in Oracle is:

DROP SEQUENCE sequence_name;

EXAMPLE:

Let's look at an example of how to drop a sequence in Oracle.

DROP SEQUENCE supplier_seq;

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Introduction to Sequences:

SQL sequences specifies the properties of a sequence object while creating it. An
object bound to a user-defined schema called a sequence produces a series of
numerical values in accordance with the specification used to create it. The series of
numerical values can be configured to restart (cycle) when it runs out and is
generated in either ascending or descending order at a predetermined interval.
Contrary to identity columns, sequences are not linked to particular tables.
Applications use a sequence object to access the next value in the sequence. The
application has control over how sequences and tables interact. A sequence object
can be referred to by user applications, and the values can be coordinated across
various rows and tables.
Let’s suppose that sequence is a set of integers 1, 2, 3, … that are generated and
supported by some database systems to produce unique values on demandes.

Different feature of sequences:

A sequence is a database object that generates and produces integer values

in sequential order.
1. It automatically generates the primary key and unique key values.
2. It may be in ascending or descending order.
3. It can be used for multiple tables.
4. Sequence numbers are stored and generated independently of tables.
5. It saves time by reducing application code.
6. It is used to generate unique integers.
7. It is used to create an auto number field.

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8. Useful when you need to create a unique number to act as a primary key.
9. Oracle provides an object called a Sequence that can generate numeric
values. The value generated can have maximum of 38 digits

 C PROGRAM FOR MOVING BUS :

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c://TurboC3//bgi");
for(i=0;i<450;i++)
{
cleardevice();
line(30+i,100,110+i,100);
line(110+i,100,130+i,120);
line(130+i,120,130+i,150);
line(30+i,150,50+i,150);
line(60+i,150,100+i,150);
line(110+i,150,130+i,150);
line(30+i,100,30+i,150);
line(30+i,105,114+i,105);
line(30+i,115,124+i,115);
circle(55+i,150,5); // Back tyres of bus
circle(55+i,150,2);
circle(105+i,150,5); // Front tyres of bus
circle(105+i,150,2);
outtextxy(35+i,130, " X Travels");
delay(20); //control the bus speed by increasing or decreasing the value
}
/* clean up */
getch();
return 0;
}

 C program for Moving bus : (Program Code)

OUTPUT:

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 JSPM’s

JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC, Handewadi Road,

Hadapsar, Pune-28

Department of Computer Engineering

Academic Year 2023-24

13
 Title of Micro project: Program for moving bus.

1.0 Brief Description:

1. In this project we have use graphics code.
2. By using graphics we can draw circle, lines in the program.
3. In this project we have create moving bus.
4. Develop c programs to draw basic graphics object.

2.0 Aim of Micro Project

1. Write a c program for moving bus animation.

2. Displaying image data effectively.

3.0 Course Outcome Integrated

1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.

2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C program.
3. Develop program for 2D-3D Transformation.
4. Implement Brenham’s algorithm to draw circle and line.
5. Develop programs to create circle, lines, curve's using algorithms.
6. Implement various clipping algorithm.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed.

1. We both team member divided the work.

2. First team member coded the program to creating moving bus animation.
3. And third team member coded the program to create basic object .
4. Both team member discussed the content was formulated.
5. The content was compiled into report.
6. Project report is ready for submission.

5.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

No. resource /
material

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1 Computer Processor:Inter®Pentium®[email protected].
system with
Installed Memory-RAM: 4.00GB. 1
broad
specifications System type:32-bit Operating System

2 Software Turbo C -

6.0 Outputs of the Micro project.

7.0

Skill Developed/ Learning out of this Micro project

● Time management and planning.

● Co-ordination between team members.

Teacher Evaluation Sheet

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 Name of student: Padmavati Mandale Enrollment No:
Name of programme: Computer Engineering. Semester: IIICourse
Title: Computer Graphics.
Code: 22318
Title of Micro Project: C program for Moving bus
Course Outcomes Achieved:
1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.
2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C program.
3. Implement Brenham’s algorithm to draw circle and line.
4. Develop programs to create circle lines and curves using algorithms.
5. Implement various clipping algorithm.
6. Develop program for 2D-3D Transformation.

Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent
No assessed (Marks1- (Marks 4-5) (Marks6-8) (Marks 9-10)
3)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature Survey /
Information collection
3 Project Proposal
4 Completion of the Target as
per Project Proposal
5 Analysis of data and
representation
6 Quality of Prototype/ Model
7 Report preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defense

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 Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of student: Pratap Maske Enrollment No:

Name of programme: Computer Engineering. Semester: III
Course Title: Computer Graphics.
Code: 22318
Title of Micro Project: C program for Moving bus
Course Outcomes Achieved:
1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.
2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C program.
3. Implement Brenham’s algorithm to draw circle and line.
4. Develop programs to create circle lines and curves using algorithms.
5. Implement various clipping algorithm.
6. Develop program for 2D-3D Transformation.

Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent
No assessed (Marks1- (Marks 4-5) (Marks6-8) (Marks 9-10)
3)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature Survey /
Information collection
3 Project Proposal
4 Completion of the Target as
per Project Proposal
5 Analysis of data and
representation
6 Quality of Prototype/ Model
7 Report preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defense

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 Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of student: Saurabh Devkate Enrollment No:

Name of programme: Computer Engineering. Semester: III
Course Title: Computer Graphics.
Code: 22318
Title of Micro Project: C program for Moving bus
Course Outcomes Achieved:
1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.
2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C program.
3. Implement Brenham’s algorithm to draw circle and line.
4. Develop programs to create circle lines and curves using algorithms.
5. Implement various clipping algorithm.
6. Develop program for 2D-3D Transformation.

Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent
No assessed (Marks1- (Marks 4-5) (Marks6-8) (Marks 9-10)
3)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature Survey /
Information collection
3 Project Proposal
4 Completion of the Target as
per Project Proposal
5 Analysis of data and
representation
6 Quality of Prototype/ Model
7 Report preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defense

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 Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of student: Aditi Kamble Enrollment No:

Name of programme: Computer Engineering. Semester: III
Course Title: Computer Graphics.
Code: 22318
Title of Micro Project: C program for Moving bus
Course Outcomes Achieved:
1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.
2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C program.
3. Implement Brenham’s algorithm to draw circle and line.
4. Develop programs to create circle lines and curves using algorithms.
5. Implement various clipping algorithm.
6. Develop program for 2D-3D Transformation.

Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project

Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent
No assessed (Marks1- (Marks 4-5) (Marks6-8) (Marks 9-10)
3)
1 Relevance to the course
2 Literature Survey /
Information collection
3 Project Proposal
4 Completion of the Target as
per Project Proposal
5 Analysis of data and
representation
6 Quality of Prototype/ Model
7 Report preparation
8 Presentation
9 Defense

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 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Process Assessment Product Assessment Total
Marks
Part A - Project Project Par B - Project Individual
Proposal Methodology Report/ working Presentation/ Viva 10
Model
(2 Marks) (2 Marks) (4 Marks)
(2 Marks)

Note: Every course teacher is expected to assign marks for group evaluation in first 3
columns and individual evaluation 4th column

Comment/ suggestion about team work/leadership/ interpersonal communication (If

any)
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Any other comment:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….

Name and Designation of the Faculty Member: Ms.N.S. Bahirame

Signature: ………………………

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