UNIDO User Training 1

Energy Management System (EnMS)
Implementation Training
UNIDO International Energy Efficiency and EnMS Expert
Day 1
Based on the contents of the UNIDO Practical Guide for

Implementing and Energy management System
1
Housekeeping
 Emergency Exits
 Toilets
 Mobile Phones
 Breaks
 Lunch
 Please restrict email
to break times
2
Today
Duration Break Start End
Topic (mins) Exercise duration Time Time
Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Welcome and introductions 10 20 09:00 09:30
Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Energy Management - The Business Case 20 10 10:00 10:30
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Build management committment 30 10:45 11:15
Develop energy information and plans 60 30 11:15 12:45
Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Interactive session - planning 60 13:45 14:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

Energy Metrics and EnPIs 60 30 15:00 16:30
Review 6 key concepts and check 15 16:30 16:45
understanding
3
Preview of tomorrow
Topic (hours) duration Time Time
DAY 2
Implementation and Operation 50 09:00 09:50
Checking 40 09:50 10:30
Break 15 10:30 10:45
Management Review 20 10:45 11:05
Use of tools and online aids 60 11:05 12:05
Project Plan 30 12:05 12:35
Lunch 60 12:35 13:35
Financial Analysis 30 13:35 14:05
Workshop - prepare presentations 5 65 14:05 15:15
Break 15 15:15 15:30

Workshop - delivery 5 30 15:30 16:05
Next Steps and closure 30 16:05 16:35
TOTAL 3.5 2.6 1.5
4
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45
6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
5
Purpose of the course
 Access to energy is becoming more costly and
environmentally damaging
 The era of cheap energy is over (in many countries!)
 Reduce energy consumption (kWh or GJ, etc.)
• Reduce cost
• Reduce GHG emissions
 Role of energy efficiency
 Benefits of a systematic approach to energy management
Central Message: It is not difficult to reduce energy

consumption in most organisations
6
7
Would you allow this
man to make a $500
purchase on behalf of
your company?
What about $10,000?
8
Introductions
 Name
 Company
 Energy Management Experience
 What do you expect to learn over these two days?
9
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
10
Climate Change Policy Scenarios
Source: IEA/ UNIDO 2010
Most emissions reductions

possible through deploy-
ment of existing best
available EE practices and
technologies
11
Company Competitiveness
Benchmarking study in Russian Foundry sector
Energy
savings
Source: IFC, 2010
12
Energy efficiency potentials in Russian industry
Technical savings potential (%)
OECD Developing
Sector and Product
countries countries
Petroleum refineries 10-15 70
Chemical and petrochemical
Steam cracking (excluding feedstock) 20-25 25-30
Ammonia 11 25
Iron and Steel 10 30
Cement 20 25
Pulp and Paper 25 20
Textile 10 20
Food and beverage 25 40
Other sectors 10-15 25-30
Source: UNIDO 2008 and 2011
13
13
13
Industrial Energy Efficiency Benefits
 Energy efficiency has demonstrated, time and again, that
 It saves industrial firms money
 It reduces production and product costs
 It increase reliability of operations
 It has a positive effect on productivity and competitiveness
 It can offer attractive financial and economic returns
 Reduces risk/exposure to rising energy prices
 Increases security of supply
 ….
Why it is not happening then?

14
Barriers to Industrial Energy Efficiency
 Management focus is on production and not on energy efficiency
 Lack of information and understanding of financial and qualitative
benefits
 Lack of adequate technical skills for developing and implementing
EE measures and projects
 Poor monitoring systems and data
 First costs more important than recurring costs  disconnection
between capital and operating budgets
 When EE knowledge exists it very often resides with individuals
rather than with the company/ organization  sustainability risk
 Defensiveness – “I’m already doing a good job!”
15
Purpose of today’s training
 Build enterprises’ and EE consultants’ understanding of
 Energy Management Systems in line with ISO 50001
 Benefits of EnMS & ISO 50001, and resource requirements for
implementation
 Enable enterprises to put together a high-level project
management plan (time, resources, costs..) to implement EnMS
 Enable enterprises to initiate the development and
implementation of an EnMS
Central Message: It is not difficult to reduce energy

consumption in most organisations
16
Some terms to understand
Energy Management System (EnMS)
Systematic approach to the management of energy
use
Energy Management System Standard EnMS
Standardised approach to implementing an
EnMS
You may decide to base your EnMS on a Standard
standard e.g. ISO 50001:2011
Certification of EnMS
You may decide to have your EnMS certified to a Certification
standard
Self-evaluation and self declaration of
conformance
17
Discussion:
Does anyone here think it is difficult to

achieve savings of over 10% in energy
consumption without financial
investment in most facilities you
know?
18
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
19
How does it work?
Reduce
kWh
Is it Make
working? Changes
What are
Do it! you going
to do?
20
Energy Management System
Management
participation
Management
Based on the concept of:
Yes
Responsibility
 Plan
Management
Review
Policy  Do
 Check
 Act
Planning
Implementation
Checking
& Operation
Day to day
operations
21
Six Key Concepts
Management
participation
1. Commitment
Management Yes
Responsibility • Roles and Responsibilities
Management
Review
Policy 2. Significant Energy Users
(SEUs)
Planning
3. Energy Performance
Indicators (EnPIs)
4. Opportunities List
Implementation
Checking
& Operation
5. Operational Control
Day to day
operations
6. Review
22
Tools – “UNIDO EnMS Tools.xls”
• Self-assessment • ER6 Maintenance Criteria
• Roles and Resp. (Key Concept #1) • ER6 Critical Op Param
• Scope • ER7 Technical Audits
• Policy • ER8 Opportunities List (KC #4)
• ER1 Data • Training
• ER2 Trends • Documents
• ER3 SEU List (KC # 2) • Op Cont (KC #5)
• ER3 SEU - Motors • Procurement
• ER3 SEU - Heat Users • Design
• ER3 SEU - Lighting • Non-conformities
• ER4 Drivers • Legal
• ER5 EnPIs (KC # 3) • Internal Audits
• ER5 Measurement Plan
23
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Energy Management - The Business 20 10 10:00 10:30
Case
Break 15 10:30 10:45
Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
24
Energy Management System (EnMS)
The business case
Why a systematic approach to energy

management makes business sense
25
Content/ Structure
1. What is being proposed?
2. The Current Situation
• Energy consumption and costs
• Energy cost trends
3. What is Energy Management?
4. What can be achieved?
5. What could/can we achieve?
6. How does it work?
7. What do we do next?
26
What is being proposed?
 Reduced operating costs
 Reduced exposure to rising energy costs
 Improved reliability and productivity
 Reduced environmental impact
 Improved corporate image
 Alignment with ISO 50001

Initially based on low cost improvements
27
The current situation – energy trends
3,000,000 39,000,000
2,500,000 38,500,000
2,000,000 38,000,000
1,500,000 37,500,000
Cost p.a.
1,000,000 37,000,000
kWh p.a.
500,000 36,500,000
consumed
- 36,000,000
Jan-11
Mar-11
Jun-11
Jan-12
Mar-12
Jun-12
Feb-11
Feb-12
Jul-11
Oct-11
Jul-12
Oct-12
Dec-10
Apr-11
May-11
Aug-11
Sep-11
Nov-11
Dec-11
May-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
Apr-12
28
Relative % of turnover
29
What can be achieved?
30
What can we achieve?
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
31
What is energy management?
 It is how we propose to manage our use of energy!
 We want to be more systematic
 We will combine the following:

Behaviour change among all employees
Behaviour change among management
Objective use of data to show performance
Technical improvement
Low cost operation and maintenance of existing equipment
32
What can be achieved?
33
Our current level of energy management
34
How does it work?
Reduce
kWh
Is it Make
working? Changes
What are
Do it! you going
to do?
35
What sort of actions will we take?
 Operation and maintenance initially
• Fix leaks
• Fix insulation
• Switch off
• Run optimum equipment
• Optimum settings
• Check controls
• Training
• Maintain improvements
36
What do we do next?
 Make a decision to go ahead
 We do not need financial investment until AFTER we start

to show savings
 Viable investment projects may follow later
 We do need management commitment to improve

Some staff need to help
Some staff need to change behaviour
Some staff need training
37
See you in 15 minutes!
38
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
39
Management Role – Commitment (Key
Concept #1)
Management
participation
 Give commitment
Management Yes
Responsibility
 Sign policy
Management
Review
Policy  Allocate resources
 Assign responsibility
Planning  Top management
representative
 Give support
Implementation
Checking
& Operation
 Make decisions
Day to day
operations
40
This is the foundation of the system
 Most managements have limited resources
They can’t give all of us everything we want
 They need to be persuaded that this is a good idea
Maybe they have if you are here!
 You need to show quick results to sustain their interest
 Your efforts will reduce costs
This feeds directly into increasing profits
 You will improve the organisations environmental
performance
This is very good public relations
Make the boss feel good
 You need to keep them convinced
41
Important Roles
 We want someone at the top level of the organisation to
lead the energy management activities
• Direct the activities
• Represent energy management at senior level
• Gain support for energy management
• This is the management representative
 We want someone to run the EnMS on a daily basis
• Know it in detail
• Coordinate its development
• Represent it at external audits
• This is the energy manager
 In some cases both of these roles will be the same
person, in others the duties may be split
42
Management representative responsibilities
 Implementing of the energy management system;
 Reporting to top management on the performance of the
energy management system;
 Reporting to top management on the energy performance
of the organisation;
 Formation of an energy management team;
 Plan and direct energy management activities;
 In a larger organisation, most of the day to day energy
work may be completed by others, e.g. energy manager.
43
Energy Manager
 In some organisations, this may be the same person as the
management representative
 Often not a full time job;
For example, maintenance or engineering manager or engineer
Probably a technical person with energy engineering knowledge
 Role
• Implement the EnMS
• Owns the EnMS
• Manages energy use
• Acts as auditee for the EnMS
 Responsibility
• Varies with organisation
• Implementation
• Energy budget
• Reporting
44
Energy management team
 Decide structure and membership based on size and
complexity of your organisation
 Representatives from relevant departments
Production, finance, engineering, operations, senior management
representative, energy manager or engineer, etc.
 Cross functional cooperation
 Common and shared goal
45
Sample energy management team
(committee)
Management
Representative
Chairperson
Energy Manager
Coordinator
Company Production Environmental Production Facilities

Accountant supervisor officer engineer engineer
Financial perspective Production driver Env perspective Technical support Technical support
 Composition will vary with organisation and culture

 Size will vary
 The energy manager may deputise for the mgmt rep
 Teamwork
46
Roles, responsibility & authority (key
concept #1)
 The above are required for each individual involved in the
EnMS.
 Each person needs to understand their own role and
responsibilities
 Every needs to know each others authority levels
 This may seem like common sense but is often a source
of ineffectiveness
 This is a key concept
 MUST be completed, accepted and communicated in
advance of next steps
47
Roles and Responsibility (key concept #1)
48
Policy
Management
participation
Management
 Management commitment
Yes
Responsibility
 Not just a signature!
Management
Review
Policy
 Define scope of EnMS
 Appropriate to scale
Planning  Commitment to continual

improvement
 Make resources available
Implementation
Checking
& Operation  Framework for target setting
Day to day
and review organizations
operations
49
Energy Policy document
 It is an official document that demonstrates support and
commitment to improving energy performance
 Doesn’t need to go into detail
 Scope and boundaries of the system
Which plant, buildings, energy sources (water?) are included
 The policy (and EnMS) should be appropriate to the nature and
scale of the operations
Small organisation -> simple EnMS
Large organisation -> simple EnMS!
 Review and update regularly
Changes are usually minimal
 Prepare at an early stage
Possibly update after planning if required
50
Policy should include
 Commitment to continual improvement of energy performance through
the development and achievement of relevant objectives and targets.
 Commitment to provide the necessary information and resources to

achieve its energy objectives and targets
 Commitment to comply with all legal and other requirements that

apply to its energy using activities
 Support for the purchase of energy efficient products and services

where economically feasible.
 Support the use of energy efficient design practices in new projects
 The policy should be communicated to all levels of the organisation.
51
Example
As an energy intense manufacturer of specialty glass, XYZ
Company strives to reduce its energy consumption and costs
and promote the long-term environmental and economic
sustainability of its operations. We are committed to:
Reduce energy intensity by 25% in 10 years in our manufacturing
and distribution operations
Ensure continual improvement in our energy performance
Deploy information and resources to achieve our objectives and
targets
Uphold legal and other requirements regarding energy
Consider energy performance improvements in design and
modification of our facilities, equipment, systems and processes
Effectively procure and utilize energy-efficient products and
services
52
Scope
Rationale for excluding any
Included Excluded source
Electricity LPG in the kitchen
Fuel Oil transport until next year
Water
Natural Gas
53
Boundaries
Rationale for excluding
Included Excluded any area
Production
systems remote warehouse facility
All buildings
All utilities
54
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45
6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45
Develop energy information and 60 30 11:15 12:45
plans
Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00
understanding
55
Planning
What are you going to do?
Translating the commitment and energy policy into

objectives, targets and action plans
56
Planning  How much energy am I using?
 Where am I using it?
Management
participation
Management
 Which are significant users?
Yes
Responsibility
 What is driving it?
Management
Review
Policy  Who is influencing its use?
 Do I need to have an energy audit?
If yes, focus it
Planning  System Optimization

 Renewable energy options
 Are there legal or other requirements?
Implementation
Checking
& Operation  Develop baseline & indicators
Day to day  Set objectives and targets
operations
 Action Plan
57
Legal and other requirements
 Probably good to review this first as it may impact later
decisions
 It is part of the context
 Develop a list of all requirements that might apply to your
energy use:
• Local, national and regional laws, e.g. EU Emission trading
scheme
• Corporate requirements, e.g. reports, plans, data, etc.
• Management requirements, e.g. monthly performance, annual
budget, etc.
• Voluntary agreements, e.g. with energy agency or customers
• Relevant standards e.g. ISO 50001
 Review the list for compliance at regular intervals
58
Legal Tool
59
Develop plans
ER1. Energy bill and
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use
ER3. Identify & quantify

Significant Energy Users
(SEUs)
ER4. Identify drivers, get ER6. Review operational
data and analyze SEUs control for all SEUs
ER7. Technical energy

audits
ER5. Develop baselines
and performance
indicators for each SEUs
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
improved performance,
review and decide on
action plans
60
How much energy am I using?
 How many people here know how much energy
their organisation used in the 12 months ending
last month?
 How much did it cost?
 How much did you use last year?
 How much are you going to use next year?
 How are you performing against your budget?
• Why are there deviations?
 Are you using too much energy?
• If so, how much should you be using?
61
Acquire bills and sub-meter data
 Review the data you already have:
• Bills include both energy consumption, cost and other parameters
 You may have sub-meters
• Manually or automatically read
 See tool Billing
62
ER2 – analyse trends
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
63
Actual annualised electricity usage and
costs
Blue line is consumption
Red bars are cost
64
Quantify SEUs
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
65
Significant energy users (Key concept #2)
Which systems? Which people? Drivers?
• Sub meters • Who • What is

• Motor list influences driving use?
SEUs? • Variables
• Estimation
• Training • Activity
• Calculation
needs
• Pie Charts • Weather
• Organisation
• Sankey • Regression
charts
Diagrams analysis
66
Which systems?
 What is the single largest energy user in your
organisation?
 How much energy does it use?
 What drives that use?
What causes it to increase or decrease?
 Which people affect the energy use of that item/system?
67
How to quantify each energy user
 Do you have sub-metering?
• This is the best situation
• Ideally automatically logged to a database
• Manually read also gives good information
• Are meters accurate and working
• Is data collection working and accurate
 Do you have local meters?
• kW, A, flowrate, etc.
• These can be read manually and calculated/estimated
• Care with time of readings
 Quantification or estimation of use
• Motor List
• Heat Balance
68
Motor list
69
What is the second largest user?
 We need to know the answers to the previous questions
for all significant users (SEUs)
 Ideally we keep working on the list until we know where at
least 80% of our energy is going
 This list of SEUs will be the basis of most of the rest
of our system
 Remember that a SEU can be either a large user or one
with good performance improvement potential.
70
Heat balance
 Use what you know:
• Steam flow
• Feedwater flow (= steam flow approximately)
• Fuel flow (heat flow = fuel flow * efficiency)
• Gas bills
• Hot water flow and temperature difference (dT) (Q=m*Cp*dT)
 Build up a balance
• Heat in = heat out
• If you have a significant gap, you may need to measure it
• Ultrasonic flowmeters, portable heat meters
• More challenging than electrical power
Typically fewer measuring points
71
Heat Users
72
SEUs
Estimated Equipment Contribution to Annual Energy Cost
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Air Compressors - 75 kW
Water Chillers - 17.5 kW
Cooling Towers - 30 kW
Refrigeration - 963 kW
2 x Dough Blender - 45 kW
12 x Dough Sheeter - 1.5 kW
Cheese Blender - 22 kW
Extructor - 15 kW
Grinder - 75 kW
Vemag - 22 kW
2 x Oven Circ. Fan - 22 kW
2 x Oven Exh. Fan - 4 kW
Lighting - 25 kW
Other Equipment - 18 kW
Baking Oven - 586 kW
Baking Oven - 146 kW
Electric Equipment Natural Gas Equipment
73
Quantify drivers
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
74
Establish energy variables
 Terminology: drivers, driving factors, variables, energy
factors, etc.
 Can anyone give an example of energy use that does not

vary and is not influenced by a variable?
 Each energy use should vary based on some factor(s)

• What is it?
• How do they interact
75
What is driving this use?
 Top level electricity and fuel
 Each SEU driver
 If you can’t quantify a variable is there a real reason
• There rarely is a legitimate reason
• Maybe you are simply out of control
 There are often indicators of significant savings from this
step
• Anomalies
• Demonstrate with examples
 See tool Drivers
76
Energy Metrics
 Details this afternoon.
 Consider the drivers for each SEU
 This relationship may be your baseline
 Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI)
 Baseline
 Baseload
 Regression Analysis
 CUSUM
 Link to checking
77
Baselines and EnPIs
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
78
Establish energy performance indicators
(EnPIs) (key concept #3)
 Varying levels of complexity
 Absolute energy consumption
Simple but ignores activity levels
 Simple Ratios
Easy to use but can be misleading
Take account of activity levels
Can only deal with single variables
 Regression analysis
More complex
Quantifies driver effects
Allows comparison of actual against expected use
 Try to have an EnPI for each SEU
 Tool EnPIs
79
Measurement Plan
 Once SEUs are known
• Including variables
 Reporting requirements can be specified
 What meters and measurements are required to deliver
these reports?
 How much can be achieved with existing instruments?
 Manual vs. automated
 List what new instruments are required
• Each new instrument should be able to justify its cost
• Don’t forget installation cost
• Electricity and liquid flow meters can be good value
• Gas flow meters tend to be expensive (steam, compressed air,
etc)
80
Sample measurement plan
Also include instruments which measure

critical operating parameters
81
Review operational control
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
82
Review Operation control
 This is aligned with the review of training needs
It additionally checks operating and maintenance procedures
 Check operating procedures
 Are operators familiar with the energy impact of
operations?
 Check maintenance procedures
 Check maintenance frequencies
 Are maintenance staff familiar with the energy impact of
their work?
 This review will help to assess training needs
83
Types of people who impact energy cons
 Immediate and direct impact
• SEU Operators
• Maintenance and external service personnel
 Influencers
• Managers, supervisors, leaders
 Production people
 People who see things differently
• Cleaners
• Security
• Safety Officers
84
Significant people
 Who operates the SEUs?
 Who maintains the SEUs?
 Who engineers the SEUs?
 Who manages the SEUs?
85
Training Matrix
 Make a list of all people who need to be trained
 Make a list of potential training materials/courses
 Develop a training matrix
• Who does what and when
• Use it also to record completion of each course
• If your organisation already has a training tracking system, use it.
 Develop training materials
 If external help is required identify potential training
service providers
86
Types of training
 UNIDO Program for system optimisation
• Steam systems
• Compressed air
• Pumps
• Fans
• Motors
• Process Heating
 Waste water treatment operation and maintenance
 Introduction to the EnMS
 Energy Vigilance (cleaners, security, safety)
 EnPIs
87
Training matrix
88
Critical operating parameters
 Each SEU has operating parameters which affect its
energy use
 These need to be identified, quantified, recorded and
communicated, monitored and controlled
 Boiler examples:
• Pressure, Total dissolved solids (TDS), stack temperature
(variable), stack O2, condensate return rate, feedwater tank
temperature
• Refrigeration examples:
• Delivery temperature, condensing temperature (temperature lift),
evaporator and condenser approach temperatures,
• Compressed air
• Pressure, dryness, pressure drops
89
Critical operating parameters
90
Maintenance criteria
91
Energy Audits (assessments)
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
92
System Optimisation
 Examine the whole system and not individual components
 Establish user requirements and specification
 Examine opportunities with use
 Examine opportunities with distribution
 Examine opportunities with generation last.
93
Examine potential for renewables and
alternative energy sources
 Which renewable sources are available?
Solar (thermal or photovoltaic)
Wind power
Biomass
 Which renewable technologies are economical with these
resources?
 Which alternative energy sources are available?
Waste heat recovery
Fuel switching
 Which might be economical?
Cogeneration (Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
94
Develop and maintain an opportunities list
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
95
Opportunity List (Key Concept #5)
 Develop a list of all potential ideas
 Select items for implementation
• Prioritisation
 Plan and manage their implementation
 Note: the name of this list doesn’t matter
alternatives include:
• Savings Register
• Opportunities list
• ECO Register
96
Opportunity List
97
Which opportunities to implement?
98
Relationship
99
Sample objectives
ID Description Resp Target Date Status
1 Reduce electricity consumption by 15% JB 31 Dec2014
2 Increase awareness of energy matters to MM 31 Dec 2013
90% of employees
3
4
5
100
Targets
• What is the task to be done, use action words
Specific • What are the details?
• How will we know if the task is complete and how well?

Measurable
•Is it possible and fair?

•Is training or personal development required?
Achievable
•Which objective is it supporting?
Relevant •In what way is it improving our energy performance?
• When will it be completed or how often?
Timed • Does it need sub steps and are these SMART
101
Sample targets
ID Description Resp Target Date Status
1 Train all boilers operators on energy JB 31 Dec2011
efficient operations
2 Carry out 4 energy awareness training MM 31 Dec 2011 1 comp
sessions
3 Increase condensate recovery rate to JB 31 Dec 2011 83%
90%
4
5
102
Measurement and Verification (M&V)
 How will you demonstrate that you actually made the
savings?
 Need to take account of driving factors
 Different levels of M&V for different opportunities
depending on scale and complexity.
 Usually applied to each individual action plan item
 Can also be confirmed using EnPIs
103
Focus of SEUs
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
104
Targets and action plans
 You need to express your overall targets as savings in
kWh (or GJ) per year
 Your action plan savings (kWh or GJ) should equal or
exceed your targets
 Your EnPIs should be able to show progress or alert to
lack of progress
105
Six Key Concepts
Management
1. Commitment
participation
Management
Responsibility
Yes • Roles and Responsibilities
Management Policy 2. Significant Energy Users
Review
(SEUs)
Planning
Indicators (EnPIs)
Implementation
Checking
& Operation
Day to day
operations
6. Review
106
See you in one hour!
107
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00
understanding
108
Exercise – develop a plan for this building
sub-meter data
ER2. Analyze past,

present and future
energy use

(SEUs)

audits
and performance
ER8. Identify
opportunities for
action plans
109
See you in 15 minutes!
110
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
111
Purpose of energy metrics
 Objective support for decision making
Often subjective reasons
 We need to know how much energy we are using
 We need to know if performance is improving or not
 We need to know if we are meeting targets
 We need to be able to verify savings of improvements
 We need to establish the following:
• Baseline
• Baseload
• Performance indicators (EnPIs)
 Numerical basis
112
Energy Metrics
 Various levels of complexity
 Simple:
• Simple: consumption last month v same month last year
• Simple: compare actual consumption with budget
• Simple: annualised trend of cost and consumption
 More complex (but beware!)
• Energy use per unit output
• Cooling energy per cooling degree day
• Specific energy consumption (SEC)
 Regression analysis is usually the only way
 Same principles apply to EnPIs and verification of
savings
113
What does this tell us?
114
Same gas data in annualised view
115
Annualised trend
 Moving total of previous 12 months (or 52 weeks, etc)
 Removes seasonal effects
 Gives a real view of comparison v budget
 Effects of a change stay for next 12 periods
 Absolute numbers
• No allowance for changing drivers or activity levels
 Very useful for forecasting, you can quickly judge what
next 12 months use will be
• You need to correct for known changes in output or other
116
Beware of simple ratios
 Energy use per unit of output (Energy Intensity)
• e.g. kWh/T of product
• Useful in energy intensive industries for benchmarking internally
and externally
• Beware in others, especially in cases with large baseloads
• Almost of no value in judging energy performance
• Usually tracks output better than energy
 Energy Efficiency (energy in compared with energy out)
• E.g. boiler efficiency is a useful indicator but beware:
• Decreasing boiler load through pipe insulation, leak repair or
demand management will almost always result in reduced boiler
efficiency due to lower loads
• Overall system efficiency will improve but not the boiler efficiency
117
Other indicators to be careful of
 Specific Energy Consumption (SEC)
• For example air compressor SEC will usually increase if leaks are
repaired or demand reduced.
• This does not mean you shouldn’t reduce demand
• It means that care is needed in the use of this indicator
 Coefficient of Performance (COP)
• Used as a measure of refrigeration plant performance
• = cooling load (kW) / electrical power to compressor (kW)
• COSP = cooling load (kW) / power to compressors plus
auxiliaries loads such as fans and pumps
• Often reduces as load reduces (centrifugal compressors can be
an exception)
118
What does this tell us about energy performance?
Do organisations really make decisions based on this?
Source: Vilnis Vesma

119
120
Checking performance
 You cannot manage what you do not measure
 This is not the whole story
 It’s not enough to know how much you used
 CRITICAL QUESTION: was it more than necessary?
 ISO 50001 requires the organisation to compare actual

with expected energy use
121
Problem: things make consumption vary
 Weather
 Daylight availability
 Production throughputs
 Mileages
 Occupancy
 …etc
 Terminology: drivers, independent variables, energy

factors
• All mean the same, decide which you will use
122
Simple process
Energy = constant + slope X Production
123
124
Straight line formula
 Y = mX + C
 Energy (E) = Factor (F) * Driver (D) + Constant (c)
 E = FD+c
 In the previous case:
 Gas = 47.947 * HDD + 14009
 This formula can be used to predict expected

consumption for any given driver
 We can compare predicted v actual usage to indicate
performance
125
Difference between expected and actual
 Actual from bills

 Expected from regression formula
 Index = Actual/Expected
Highlighted cells are when index > 1
126
In general
 Expected energy consumption can be any function of
relevant driving factors D
 E = f(D1, D2, ……. Dn)
 Use the simplest effective model

 A straight-line relationship is often good enough
127
The main message
 Establish relationships between energy consumptions and
appropriate energy variables
 Single or multivariate regression
 Use these to calculate expected consumption based on

production activity, prevailing weather etc.
 Thereby detect unexplained deviations
128
Baselines
 Baseline is initial model
129
Baseline alternatives
 Baseline will be used for future comparison of
improvements
 Ideally based on regression analysis as shown
 Can be absolute consumption, e.g. 1 GWh per annum
 SEC: kWh per unit of output
Not desirable or indicative of real improvement
130
Targets
 Alter the formula to reduce by targeted amount
 E.G. multiply coefficients by 0.95
131
Historical baseline characteristic
 Answers the question “how much would I have used in the
absence of my energy-saving measures?”
 Allows absolute kWh savings to be computed
Gives clean, objective view
Production, weather, etc. already accounted for
132
Cumulative savings can be tracked
Total Savings: ~€270,000
133
Baseload
 The energy you use
when there is no
productive activity
 Very often a major
opportunity for
improvement
 Measure and
analyse baseload if
it is significant
 14009 m3/mth in
this example
134
Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI)
 Budget v actual consumption
 Actual v expected or targeted consumption on a regular
basis (e.g. daily, weekly or monthly)
 CUSUM of total energy and of each SEU
135
Today

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

6 key concepts 15 09:45 10:00
Break 15 10:30 10:45

Lunch 60 12:45 13:45
Break 15 14:45 15:00

understanding
136
Six Key Concepts
Management
1. Commitment
participation
Management
Responsibility
Yes • Roles and Responsibilities
Management Policy 2. Significant Energy Users
Review
(SEUs)
Planning
Indicators (EnPIs)
Implementation
Checking
& Operation
Day to day
operations
6. Review
137
Tomorrow’s workshop
 Break into 3 groups
1. Persuade your management that an EnMS is a good idea
2. Complete the planning phase of your EnMS development
3. Outline key EnPIs for your organisation
 Each group will need:
A. One company to use as the organisation
B. Laptop with PowerPoint
C. Presenter
D. Person to prepare slides
 65 minutes to prepare
 7 minutes to deliver
138
Today
Day 1 End
139

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Energy Management System (EnMS)

UNIDO International Energy Efficiency and EnMS Expert

Based on the contents of the UNIDO Practical Guide for

Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

Break 15 10:30 10:45

Break 15 14:45 15:00

Break 15 15:15 15:30

TOTAL 3.5 2.6 1.5

Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Break 15 10:30 10:45

Break 15 14:45 15:00

Central Message: It is not difficult to reduce energy

 Energy Management Experience

 What do you expect to learn over these two days?

Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

Break 15 10:30 10:45

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Most emissions reductions

Source: IFC, 2010

Why it is not happening then?

Central Message: It is not difficult to reduce energy

Does anyone here think it is difficult to

Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

Break 15 10:30 10:45

Break 15 14:45 15:00

Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

Break 15 14:45 15:00

Why a systematic approach to energy

 Reduced exposure to rising energy costs

 Improved reliability and productivity

 Reduced environmental impact

 Improved corporate image

 Alignment with ISO 50001

 We want to be more systematic

 We will combine the following:

Behaviour change among management

Objective use of data to show performance

Low cost operation and maintenance of existing equipment

 We do not need financial investment until AFTER we start

 Viable investment projects may follow later

 We do need management commitment to improve

Some staff need to change behaviour

Some staff need training

Registration 15 08:45 09:00

Why are we here? 15 09:30 09:45

Break 15 10:30 10:45

Break 15 14:45 15:00

Company Production Environmental Production Facilities

 Composition will vary with organisation and culture

Planning  Commitment to continual

 Commitment to provide the necessary information and resources to

 Commitment to comply with all legal and other requirements that

 Support for the purchase of energy efficient products and services

 Support the use of energy efficient design practices in new projects