2.

2 Force [112 marks]

1. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

2. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

3a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
identifies units of σ as Cm−2 ✓
Nm2
C
m2
× C2
seen and reduced to N C−1 ✓
Accept any analysis (eg dimensional) that yields answer correctly

3b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
horizontal force F on ball = T sin 30 ✓
mg
T= cos30
✓

F « = mg tan 30 = 0. 025 × 9. 8 × tan 30» = 0. 14«N» ✓

Allow g = 10 N kg−1
Award [3] marks for a bald correct answer.
Award [1max] for an answer of zero, interpreting that the horizontal force
refers to the horizontal component of the net force.
3c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0.14
E= « = 1. 2 × 105 » ✓
1.2×10−6
−12
σ = « 2×8.85×10 −6
×0.14
» = 2. 1 × 10−6 «Cm−2 » ✓
1.2×10

Allow ECF from the calculated F in (b)(i)

Award [2] for a bald correct answer.

3d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
horizontal/repulsive force and vertical force/pull of gravity act on the ball ✓
so ball has constant acceleration/constant net force ✓
motion is in a straight line ✓
at 30° to vertical away from wall/along original line of thread ✓

3e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
Q 1.2×10−6
= ✓
0.222 0.182
−6
« + »1. 8 × 10 «C»✓
2sf ✓

Do not award MP2 if charge is negative

Any answer given to 2 sig figs scores MP3
3f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
work must be done to move a «positive» charge from infinity to P «as both
charges are positive»
OR
reference to both potentials positive and added
OR
identifies field as gradient of potential and with zero value ✓
therefore, point P is at a positive / non-zero potential ✓

Award [0] for bald answer that P has non-zero potential

4. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

5a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
zero ✓

5b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
Blades exert a downward force on the air ✓

air exerts an equal and opposite force on the blades «by Newton’s third law»
OR
air exerts a reaction force on the blades «by Newton’s third law» ✓

Downward direction required for MP1.

5c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
«lift force/change of momentum in one second» = 1. 7v ✓
1. 7v =(0. 95 + 0. 45)×9. 81 ✓
v = 8. 1 « ms−1 » AND answer expressed to 2 sf only ✓

Allow 8. 2 from g = 10 ms−2 .

5d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
power
1 Δm 2 1
« = rate of energy transfer to the air = 2 Δt v » = 2 × 1. 7 × 8. 12 ✓
= 56 «W» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2
8.1
Power « = Force × v ave » =(0. 95 + 0. 45)×9. 81 × 2 ✓
= 56 «W» ✓

5e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
vertical force = lift force – weight OR = 0. 45 × 9. 81 OR = 4. 4 «N» ✓
0.45×9.81
acceleration = 0.95
= 4. 6 « ms−2 » ✓

6. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D
7. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

8a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
F= Δ mv /m Δ v / 0.058×64.0 ✔
Δt Δt 25×10−3
F = 148 «N»≈150«N» ✔

8b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
1 2 1 2
2 mv 2 ×0.058×64.0
P= t
/ −3 ✔
25×10
P = 4700/4800«W» ✔
ALTERNATIVE 2
64.0
P = averageF v/ 148 × 2 ✔

P = 4700/4800«W»✔

8c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
horizontal component of velocity is 64.0 × cos 7∘ = 63.52«ms−1 » ✔
t =« 63.52
11.9
»0.187/0.19 «s» ✔
8d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
uy=64sin7/7.80«ms –1» ✔
decrease in height = 7.80 × 0.187 + 12 × 9.81 × 0.1872 / 1.63«m» ✔

final height = «2.80 – 1.63» = 1.1/1.2«m» ✔

«higher than net so goes over»

ALTERNATIVE 2
vertical distance to fall to net «=2.80 – 0.91» = 1.89«m» ✔
1
time to fall this distance found using «1.89 = 7.8 t + 2 × 9.81 × t 2»

t = 0.21«s» ✔

0.21«s» > 0.187«s» ✔

«reaches the net before it has fallen far enough so goes over»

8e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
Initial KE + PE = final KE /
1
2 × 0.058 × 642 + 0.058 × 9.81 × 2.80 = 1
2 × 0.058 × v2 ✔
v = 64.4«ms−1 » ✔

ALTERNATIVE 2
vv =«√7.82 + 2 × 9.81 × 2.8» = 10.8«ms−1» ✔
«v = √63.52 + 10.82»

v = 64.4«ms−1» ✔
8f. [3 marks]

Markscheme
so horizontal velocity component at lift off for clay is smaller ✔
normal force is the same so vertical component of velocity is the same ✔
so bounce angle on clay is greater ✔

9. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

10. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

11a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
change in momentum each second = 6.6 × 10−6 × 5.2 × 104 «= 3.4 ×
10−1 kg m s−1» ✔
3.4×10−1
acceleration = « 740
=» 4.6 × 10−4 «m s−2» ✔
11b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
(i) ALTERNATIVE 1:
(considering the acceleration of the spacecraft)
30
time for acceleration = = «4.6 × 106» «s» ✔
6.6×10−6
max speed = «answer to (a) × 4.6 × 106 =» 2.1 × 103 «m s−1» ✔

ALTERNATIVE 2:
(considering the conservation of momentum)
(momentum of 30 kg of fuel ions = change of momentum of spacecraft)
30 × 5.2 × 104 = 710 × max speed ✔
max speed = 2.2 × 103 «m s−1» ✔

(ii) as fuel is consumed total mass changes/decreases so acceleration

changes/increases
OR
external forces (such as gravitational) can act on the spacecraft so
acceleration isn’t constant ✔

11c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
problem may be too complicated for exact treatment ✔
to make equations/calculations simpler ✔
when precision of the calculations is not important ✔
some quantities in the problem may not be known exactly ✔

11d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ions have same (sign of) charge ✔
ions repel each other ✔
11e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
the forces between the ions do not affect the force on the spacecraft. ✔
there is no effect on the acceleration of the spacecraft. ✔

12. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

13a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
use of conservation of energy
OR
v2 = u2 + 2as
v = «√2 × 60.0 × 9.81 » = 34.3 «ms–1»
[2 marks]

13b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
use of impulse Fave × Δt = Δp
OR
use of F = ma with average acceleration
OR
F = 80.0×34.3
0.759
3620«N»
Allow ECF from (a).
[2 marks]
13c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
upwards
clearly longer than weight
For second marking point allow ECF from (b)(i) providing line is upwards.
[2 marks]

13d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
3620 + 80.0 × 9.81
4400 «N»
Allow ECF from (b)(i).
[2 marks]

13e. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(loss in) gravitational potential energy (of block) into kinetic energy (of block)
Must see names of energy (gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy) –
Allow for reasonable variations of terminology (eg energy of motion for KE).
[1 mark]

13f. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(loss in) gravitational potential and kinetic energy of block into elastic
potential energy of rope
See note for 1(c)(i) for naming convention.
Must see either the block or the rope (or both) mentioned in connection with
the appropriate energies.
[1 mark]
13g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
k can be determined using EPE = 12 kx2
correct statement or equation showing
GPE at A = EPE at C
OR
(GPE + KE) at B = EPE at C
Candidate must clearly indicate the energy associated with either position A or
B for MP2.
[2 marks]

13h. [2 marks]

Markscheme
T = 2π√ 80.0
400
= 2.81 «s»

time = T4 = 0.702 «s»

Award [0] for kinematic solutions that assume a constant acceleration.

[2 marks]

13i. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
2π
ω = 2.81 = 2.24 «rad s–1»

v = 2.24 × 3.50 = 7.84 «ms–1»

ALTERNATIVE 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 kx = 2 mv OR 2 400 × 3.5 = 2 80v
v = 7.84 «ms–1»
Award [0] for kinematic solutions that assume a constant acceleration.
Allow ECF for T from (e)(i).
[2 marks]
14a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
towards the centre «of the circle» / horizontally to the right
Do not accept towards the centre of the bowl
[1 mark]

14b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
downward vertical arrow of any length
arrow of correct length
Judge the length of the vertical arrow by eye. The construction lines are not
required. A label is not required

eg:

[2 marks]
14c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
F = N cos θ
mg = N sin θ
dividing/substituting to get result
ALTERNATIVE 2
right angle triangle drawn with F, N and W/mg labelled
angle correctly labelled and arrows on forces in correct directions
correct use of trigonometry leading to the required relationship

mg
tan θ = O =
A F
[3 marks]

14d. [4 marks]

Markscheme
mg v2
tan θ
= m r
r = R cos θ

v = √ sin /√ tan /√ 9.81×8.0

gRcos2θ gR cos θ cos 22
θ θ tan 22

v = 13.4/13 «ms –1 »

Award [4] for a bald correct answer

Award [3] for an answer of 13.9/14 «ms –1 ». MP2 omitted
[4 marks]
14e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
there is no force to balance the weight/N is horizontal
so no / it is not possible
Must see correct justification to award MP2
[2 marks]

14f. [1 mark]

Markscheme
the «restoring» force/acceleration is proportional to displacement
Direction is not required
[1 mark]

14g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ω = «√ R » = √ 9.81
g
8.0
«= 1.107 s–1»

T = « 2ωπ = 1.107
2π
=» 5.7 «s»

Allow use of or g = 9.8 or 10

Award [0] for a substitution into T = 2π √ Ig

[2 marks]
14h. [3 marks]

Markscheme
sine graph
correct amplitude «0.13 m s–1»
correct period and only 1 period shown
Accept ± sine for shape of the graph. Accept 5.7 s or 6.0 s for the correct
period.
Amplitude should be correct to ± 12 square for MP2

eg: v /m s–1

[3 marks]

14i. [3 marks]

Markscheme
speed before collision v = «√2gR =» 12.5 «ms–1»

«from conservation of momentum» common speed after collision is 12 initial

speed «vc = 12.5 –1
2 = 6.25 ms »
2
v 6.252
h = « 2gc = 2×9.81 » 2.0 «m»

Allow 12.5 from incorrect use of kinematics equations

Award [3] for a bald correct answer
Award [0] for mg(8) = 2mgh leading to h = 4 m if done in one step.
Allow ECF from MP1
Allow ECF from MP2
[3 marks]
15. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

16a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
force per unit charge
acting on a small/test positive charge

16b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
horizontally to the left
Arrow does not need to touch X

16c. [4 marks]

Markscheme
proton moves to the right/they move in opposite directions
force on each is initially the same
proton accelerates less than electron initially «because mass is greater»
field is stronger on right than left «as lines closer»
proton acceleration increases «as it is moving into stronger field»
OR
electron acceleration decreases «as it is moving into weaker field»
Allow ECF from (b)
Accept converse argument for electron
17. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

18. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

19a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
«deceleration» = 3.41
14.0
«= 0.243 m s−2 »
F = 0.243 × m
0.243×m
μ= m×9.81
= 0.025
ALTERNATIVE 2
distance travelled after release = 23.85 «m»
KE lost = 5.81m «J»
KE lost 5.81m
μd = mg×distance
= 23.85mg
= 0.025
Award [3] for a bald correct answer.
Ignore sign in acceleration.
Allow ECF from (a) (note that μ = 0.0073 x candidate answer to (a) ).
Ignore any units in answer.
Condone omission of m in solution.
Allow g = 10 N kg–1 (gives 0.024).
19b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
normal force, upwards, ignore point of application
Force must be labeled for its mark to be awarded. Blob at poa not required.
Allow OWTTE for normal force. Allow N, R, reaction.
The vertical forces must lie within the middle third of the stone
weight/weight force/force of gravity, downwards, ignore point of application
Allow mg, W but not “gravity”.
Penalise gross deviations from vertical/horizontal once only
friction/resistive force, to left, at bottom of stone, point of application must be
on the interface between ice and stone
Allow F, μR. Only allow arrows/lines that lie on the interface. Take the tail of
the arrow as the definitive point of application and expect line to be drawn
horizontal.
Award [2 max] if any force arrow does not touch the stone
Do not award MP3 if a “driving force” is shown acting to the right. This need
not be labelled to disqualify the mark. Treat arrows labelled “air resistance” as
neutral.

N.B: Diagram in MS is drawn with the vertical forces not direction of travel
collinear for clarity
 20. [2 marks]

Markscheme
«energy dissipated in friction =» 0.03 × 55 × 9.8 × 2.0 «= 32.3»
hence use result to show that block cannot reach C
FOR EXAMPLE
total energy at C is 670 − 32.3 − 646.8 = −9.1 J
negative value of energy means cannot reach C
Allow ECF from (a)(ii).
Allow calculation of deceleration (a = –0.29 m s–2) using coefficient of dynamic
friction. Hence KE available at B = 628 J.

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