GenMath

Topic: Function and Relations

Function Notation

y = f(x)

Input
(Independent
Variable)
Output
Name of
(Dependent
Function
Variable)
(Machine)
)

Definition of Terms

RELATIONS – Is a correspondence
between two sets (domain and
range) and can be written in
ordered pairs
Function – Is a relation such that for
each value in the range, there
corresponds exactly one value in
the domain.

a. domain – INPUT - independent

variable (all values of x)
b. range – OUTPUT – dependent
variable (all values of y)

In the example:
A = {(nose, flower), (ear, bell),
(Hands, gloves), and (tongue,
orange)}
a. domain – body parts
{nose, ear, hands, tongue}
b. range – objects
{flower, bell, gloves, orange}
 Different Types of Function^^

➢ Polynomial Function
➢ Constant Function
➢ Linear Function
➢ Quadratic Function
➢ Cubic Function
➢ Piecewise Function

Vertical Line Test

- A test to determine if a
relation is a function.
- A relation is a function if all
the vertical lines intersect
the graph at exactly one
point

Take Note!!!!

All functions are relations but NOT

all relations are functions.

Function Represented
by an Equation or
Formula
FUNCTION
How can you compute for y? Note: f(x) is pronounced as
- Simply substitute the “F of x” and it is equal to “y”
equation by the given
value of x

F(x) = 3𝑥 2 X -2 -1 0 1 2
Example: Y 12 3 0 3 12
If x = -2
f(x) = 3(−2)2
f(x) = 3(4)
Not a Function Note: even though there’s
f(x) = 12 a line that intersects only 1
y = 12 That’s because point, it is still not
come of the lines considered as a function
intersects more since the other lines
that one point. intersects 2 points.
Topic: Evaluation of functions
and Algebra of Function

How to evaluate functions? Two Subtopics of Algebra

of Functions:
➢ Operation on Function
- To evaluate a function means
➢ Composition of Function
to find the value of the output
f(x), given the input x. Operation on Function:

(Note) The value should be Addition (f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

substituted to the function by the Subtraction (f-g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
given value of x. Multiplication (f•g)(x) = f(x) • g(x)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
Division (𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)

(Note) Division: Where

g(x) is not equal to zero. If
zero it is considered as
undefined

Addition Example: Steps:

1.) Substitute
If f(x) = 2x-1 and g(x) = 𝑥 2 +x-2
2.) Combine
like terms
(f+g)(x) = f(x)+g(x) 3.) Arrange
= (2x-1) + ( 𝑥 2 +x-2) the final
(f+g)(x) = 𝑥 2 +3x-3 answer

Subtraction Example: Steps:

2
If f(x) = 2x-1 and g(x) = 𝑥 +x-2 1.) Substitute
2.) Change sign
3.) Combine like
(f-g)(x) = f(x)-g(x)
terms
= (2x-1) - ( 𝑥 2 +x-2)
= (2x-1) - ( 𝑥 2 -x+2)
(f-g)(x) = 𝑥 2 +x-1

Multiplication Example: Steps:

If f(x) = 2x-1 and g(x) = 𝑥 2 +x-2 1.) Substitute
2.) Multiply
3.) Combine
(f•g)(x) = f(x)•g(x)
like terms
= (2x-1)( 𝑥 2 +x-2)
= 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 -4x- 𝑥 2 -x+2)
(f•g)(x) = 2𝑥 3 - 𝑥 2 +5x+2

Division Example:
1.) Substitute
If f(x) = 2x-1 and g(x) = 𝑥 2 +x-2
2.) Can’t be
simplified
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
(𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) final
2𝑥−1 answer.
=
𝑥2 +𝑥−2
WHEN DO WE KNOW IF THE ANSWER IN DIVIDING FUNCTIONS CANNOT BE
SIMPLIFIED ANY FURTHER??
2𝑥−1 Try to get the factors of the
= 2
𝑥 +𝑥−2 DENOMINATOR

2𝑥−1 Find the factor similar to the

=
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1) NUMERATOR (for you to cancel).
There is none then, either of them
can be the final answer.

Composition of Function

- Is applying one fraction to the result of another

function.
- (fºg)(x) = (f(g(x))
- The domains of (fºg)(x) is the set of all numbers x in the
domain of g(x), such that g(x) is the domain of f(x).
Topic: Rational Equation,
equality, and inequalities &
Domain of rational Function

Any number divided by zero is undefines or error

In polynomials it cannot have
- Negative exponent Rational Function
- Fractional Exponent

Denominator cannot be zero

- The only difference between RF and RE is
that Rational Function has only one term
and has a name of a function, while Rational Equation
Rational Equation has a term in the left
and right side and uses the equality
symbol.

Same characteristics with Rational Equation BUT

this uses inequality symbol. Such as “>,<,≤,≥,≠” Rational Inequality
How to differentiate them?

Rational Function:

- Uses the name of a function

Helloww, kaya pa? - Looks like fraction
- Only has one term

Rational Equation:

- No function names
- Uses equality symbol
- Has a term in both left and right side

Rational Inequality

- No function names
- Uses inequality symbols
- Has a term in both sides
 Solving Rational
Equation

1.) Multiply both side by

the LCD (Lcd ayun yung
denominator, kung
dalawa yung
denominator na
meron, dalawa din
yung lcd)

2.) Solve the equation to

find the value(s) of x.

3.) Verify the solution by

substituting the value
to the equation.

4.) Make a conclusion

 Solving Rational
Inequalities

1.) Move all terms to one side and simplify

the equation by factoring the nonzero
side.
2.) Find the roots by equating the
numerator to zero and find the vertical
asymptote by equating the
denominator to zero.
3.) Locate the values you have obtained in
step 2 on the real number line.
4.) Pick a test point for every region in the
diagram.
5.) Make a conclusion.
Topic: Zeroes, Intercepts, and
Asymptotes of Rational Function

Zeroes – Value of x which will make the given Horizontal Asymptotes

rational function be equal to zero.
Intercepts:
o X – intercept – obtained by letting y be
equal to 0
o Y – intercept – obtained by letting x be
equal to zero
Vertical Asymptotes – Zeroes of the
denominator that are not zeroes of the
numerator Oblique Asymptotes

Coefficient o Neither vertical nor horizontal

(slanted asymptote)
A number used to multiply a variable. o Present if the degree of the
Example: 6z means “6 times z”, and “z” is a numerator is greater than the
variable, so 6 is a coefficient. degree of the denominator
𝑝(𝑥) 𝑟(𝑥)
o F(x) = ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 + ℎ(𝑥),
Variables with no number have a coefficient of
1. r(x) is the remainder.

Example: x is really 1x.

Sometimes a letter stands in for the number

Example: In a𝑥 2 +bx+c, “x is a variable, and “a”

and “b” are coefficients.

Degree – The degree (for a polynomial with

one variable, like x) is
Topic: Inverse Function

The study of inverse function involves finding

out whether a function is one-to-one or not,
determining the domain and range of both
function and its inverse.

Horizontal Line Test – A test used to determine

if the graph of a function is one-to-one. If a
horizontal line intersects a function’s graph
more than once, then the function is NOT one-
to-one.
Note: Only one-to-one function has inverse