CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION III

THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
Development of Correction System
 Age of Reformation – Replaced corporal punishment, exile and physical disfigurement with penitentiary.
 Age of Rehabilitation – Assumed that criminal are handicapped persons suffering from mental or emotional deficiency. Under this
individual therapy aimed at healing this personal maladjustment became preferred system.
 Age of Reintegration – society becomes the patient as well as the offender. Much more emphasis is placed on the pressure exerted on the
offender by the social groups to which regulates his opportunities
The Modern Period of Correction – Modern Penal Management incorporates general principles of treating offenders that are based on humane
practices such as the following:
1. Jail or Prison rules shall be applied impartially without discrimination on ground of race, color, language, religion or other opinion, national
or social origin, property, birth or other status.
2. The religious beliefs and moral precepts not contrary to law, which a prisoner holds, must be respected.
3. Prison or Jail rules and regulations shall be applied with firmness but tempered with understanding.
4. Custodial force shall, at all times, conduct themselves as good examples.
5. Abusive or indecent language to prisoners shall not be used.
6. Special care towards inmates shall be practiced preventing humiliation or degradation.
7. No use of force must be made by any of the custodial force, except in self – defense or attempt to escape or in case of passive physical
resistance to a lawful order.
8. Custodial force shall bear in mind that prisoners are sick people who need treatment.
PRISON
 A penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment (incarceration) of persons convicted of major/serious crimes.
 A building, usually composed of cells, or other places established for the purpose of taking safe custody or confinement of criminals.
 A place of confinement for those charged with or convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.
JAIL – It is a place for locking – up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to serve a short sentences imposed upon
them by a competent court, of for confinement of persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
PRISONER
 It refers to a person who is under the custody of lawful authority or who by reason of his criminal sentence or by a decision issued by a
court, may be deprived of his liberty or freedom, or to any person detained/confined in jail or prison for the commission of a criminal
offense or convicted and serving in a penal institution, or a person committed to jail or prison by a competent authority for any of the
following reasons:
a) To serve a sentence after conviction
b) Under trial (awaiting for final judgment)
c) Under investigation
General Classification of Prisoners
1. Detention Prisoners
2. Sentenced Prisoners
3. Prisoners who are on safekeeping
Classification of Sentenced Prisoners
1. Insular or National Prisoners
2. Provincial Prisoners
3. City Prisoners
4. Municipal Prisoners
Offices/Directorates inside Prison Administration for Reformation of National Inmates:
o Directorate for Moral and Spiritual Welfare (DMSW) – Moral and Spiritual program.
o Directorate for Education and Training (DET) – Education and training program.
o Directorate for Work and Livelihood (DWL) – Work and Livelihood program.
o Directorate for Sports and Recreation (DSR) – Sports and Recreation program.
o Directorate for Health and Welfare Services (DHWS) – Health and Welfare Program.
o Directorate for Behavior Modification (DBM) – Behavior Modification Program and Therapeutic Community.
Other Directorates:
o Directorate for Receptions and Diagnostics or DRD (Former Reception and Diagnostic Center or RDC) – Reception and Classification of
inmates.
o Directorate for External Relations or DER (Former External Relations Divisions or ERD) – Prepare inmates for reintegration to mainstream
of society and Pre – Release and Post – Release programs.
o Security and Operations Directorates – Basic needs and security.
o Directorate for Inmate Documents and Records and Directorate for Personnel – Inmates and Personnel records also responsible for
computerization system.
o Directorate for Engineering Services – It ensuring continuous operation and maintenance of all facilities and equipment to provide reliable
and competent security support capability.
Briefing and Orientation – The prisoner will be briefed and oriented on the rules and regulations of the prison before he will be assigned to the
Directorate for Reception and Diagnostics (DRD) or the Quarantine.

Prisonization – The socializing process by which the inmate learned the rules and regulations of the institution and the informal rules, values,
customs and general culture of the penitentiary whether formal or informal. The process by which an inmate learns, through socialization, the rules
and regulations of the prison culture.

Inmate Social Code – A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define inmates the
characteristics associated with the model prisoner.

Prison Classification

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  Diagnosis – A stage where the prisoner’s case history is taken and his personality studied.
 Treatment planning – Involves the formulation of a tentative treatment program best suited to the needs of the individual prisoners, based
on findings.
 Execution of the treatment program – The actual application of the treatment program designed for the prisoner.
 Re – Classification – The process of monitoring the response of the prisoner to the treatment program and the conduct of review of
previous findings as compared to new information currently available. Periodic analysis of inmates continues from time of the initial
classification until his release.
Diversification (Proper Segregation of Prisoners) – It is an administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied and flexible types of
physical plans for the more effective custody, security and control treatment programs of its Diversification populations.

 Age
 Sex
 Medical or Mental conditions
 Degree of Custody

Custody – Is the guarding or penal safekeeping, it involves security measures to ensure security and control within the prison. The Prison Custodial
Division Carries it out

Prison Custodial Division – Charged of all matters pertaining to the custody of the prisoners and security of the institution.

REHABILITATION PURPOSES GROUPS – This group provides services and assistance to prisoners and their families to enable them to solve their
individual needs and problems arising from the prisoners’ confinement.
1. Medical and Health Services Branch – Provides medical and physical examinations of inmates upon confinement, treatment of sick inmates and
conduct medical and physical examinations and provide medicines or recommends for the hospitalization of seriously ill prisoners or inmates. It also
conducts psychiatric and psychological examinations.
2. Work and Education Therapy Services – It take charge of the job and educational programs needed for rehabilitation of inmates by providing them
job incentives so they can earn and provide support for their families while in jail.
3. Socio – Cultural Services – It takes care of the social case work study of the individual and group counselling activities to help inmates to solve
their individual problems and to help them lead a wholesome and constructive life.
4. Chaplaincy Services – It takes charge of the religious and moral upliftment of the inmates through religious services. This branch caters to all
religious aspects.
5. Guidance and Counselling Services – Responsible for the individual and group counseling activities to help inmates solve their individual problems
and to help them lead a wholesome and constructive life.

DISCIPLINARY ACTION
Agency BUREAU OF JAIL BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
MANAGEMENT AND
PENOLOGY
Board Disciplinary Board Board of Discipline
Time to resolve Within 48 Hours from the date of Within 5 Working days
receipt of the case
Penalty 1 day to 7 days 1 month to 2 months
Lowest penalty Reprimand Reprimand

The decision of the Board of Discipline shall be subject to review and approval by the Superintendent. A decision approved by the Superintendent
shall FINAL.

Republic Act No. 10575 – An act strengthening the bureau of corrections (BUCOR) and providing funds thereof (May 24, 2013)

The mandates of the bureau of corrections. The BUCor shall be in charge of safekeeping and instituting reformation programs to national inmates
sentenced to more than three (3) years.

a) Safekeeping of National Inmates – the safekeeping of inmates shall include decent provision of quarters, food, water and clothing in
compliance with established United Nations standards. The security of the inmates shall be undertaken by the custodial force consisting of
corrections officers with a ranking system and salary similar to its counterpart in the BJMP.
b) Reformation of National Inmates – the reformation programs, which will be instituted by the BUCor for the inmates, shall be the following:
1) Moral and spiritual program;
2) Education and training program;
3) Work and livelihood program;
4) Sports and recreation program;
5) Health and welfare program; and
6) Behavior modification program, to include therapeutic community.
c) The reformation programs shall be undertaken by Professional Reformation Personnel consisting Corrections Technical Officers with
ranking system and salary grades similar to Corrections Officers.
1) Corrections technical officers are personnel employed in the implementation of reformation programs and those nature of work
requires proximate or direct contact with inmates.
2) Corrections technical officers includes priests, evangelists, pastors, teachers, instructors, professors, vocational placement
officers, librarians, guidance counselors, physicians, nurses, medical technologists, pharmacists, dentists, therapists,
psychologists, psychiatrists, agriculturists, veterinarians, lawyers and similar professional skills relevant to the implementation of
inmate reformation programs.

Facilities of Bureau of Corrections.

a. Dormitory;
b. Administration building;
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 c. Perimeter/security fences;
d. Hospital/infirmary;
e. Recreation/multipurpose hall;
f. Training/lecture center;
g. Mess hall/kitchen;
h. Visiting area;
i. Water tank and pump;
j. Reception and diagnostic center; and
k. Service personnel facilities

Increase of personnel.

 Custodial personnel-to-inmate ratio of 1:7

 Reformation personnel-to-inmate ration of 1:24

BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS OPERATING MANUAL

Purpose of confinement. A person is committed to prison
a. to segregate him from society; and
b. to rehabilitate him so that upon his return to society he shall be a responsible and law-abiding citizen
Basic principles. — The rules on the admission, custody and treatment of inmates —
a. seek to promote discipline and to secure the reformation and safe custody of inmates.
b. shall be applied impartially, without discrimination on grounds of race, color, sex, language, religion or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth or other status.
c. shall be enforced with firmness but tempered with understanding.
Status of inmate as affected by appeal. — Pending an appeal, the status of an inmate shall not be changed. Whenever upon appeal, the sentence of
an inmate is reduced to a maximum term of imprisonment of less than three (3) years or to a fine that does not exceed one thousand pesos
(P1,000.00), the inmate shall be transferred to the custody of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology or to the Provincial Government
concerned for service of sentence. In such a case, the maintenance of the convict shall be transferred to the appropriate jail institution from the date
of judgment of the higher court and shall not be retroactive.
Status of inmate as affected by parole, allowance of good behavior, etc. — The provisions of law relative to parole, conditional pardon and the
diminution of sentences for good behavior shall not be construed to change the status of an inmate or to affect the liability for his maintenance.

ADMISSION AND CONFINEMENT OF INMATES

RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER
 Admission (Receiving) – The new prisoner is received at the Directorate for Receptions and Diagnostics, DRD (former Reception and
Diagnostic Center, RDC). The new prisoner is usually come from a Provincial or City jail where he was immediately committed upon
conviction by the court, and escorted by the court platoon during his transfer to the National Prison.
Reception and Diagnostic Center; functions. — There shall be a Reception and Diagnostic Center in every prison which shall receive, study and
classify inmates and detainees committed to the Bureau.
Quarantine. — Upon admission in the Reception and Diagnostic Center, an inmate shall be placed in quarantine for at least five (5) days during
which he shall be —
a. given a physical examination to determine any physical illness or handicap or mental ailment and to segregate those suspected of having
an infectious or contagious disease. If found sick, the inmate shall be immediately confined in the prison hospital;
b. oriented with prison rules; and
c. interviewed by a counselor, social worker or other program staff officers. The interview shall be conducted in private.
Assignment of inmate. — After the quarantine period, the inmate shall remain in the Reception and Diagnostic Center for a period not exceeding
fifty-five (55) days where he shall undergo psychiatric, psychological, sociological, vocational, educational and religious and other examinations. The
results of said examinations shall be the basis for the inmate's individualized treatment program. Thereafter, he shall be assigned to a prison facility
as may be recommended by the Chief of the Reception and Diagnostic Center.
Inmate record. — The Reception and Diagnostic Center shall keep a complete record of an inmate which shall include the inmate's personal
circumstances; a brief personal, social and occupational history; the result of the intake interview; and initial security classification.

ADMISSION OF INMATES
Admission. — An inmate shall be admitted in the Reception and Diagnostic Center of a prison upon presentation of the following documents:
a. Mittimus/Commitment Order of the court, the receiving officer checks the commitment papers if they are in order. That is if they contain the
signature of the judge or the signature of the clerk of court, and seal of the court;
b. Information and Court decision in the case;
c. Certification of detention, if any; and
d. Certification that the case of the inmate is not on appeal.

 A female inmate shall be received only at the CIW.

Form of mittimus/commitment order. — The mittimus/commitment order shall be under the signature of the judge and shall bear the seal of the court
attested by the clerk of court thereof.
Registration book. — A prison shall keep abound registration book wherein all commitments shall be recorded chronologically. The register shall
contain the following entries:
a. Name of the inmate;
b. Reason for commitment and the authority therefor;
c. Sentence; d. Date and hour of admission; and
d. Date and hour of discharge or transfer and basis therefor.
Admission process. — After registration, the inmate shall be photographed (Mugshot), front and side view, fingerprinted and assigned a permanent
prison number. The male inmate shall then be given a regulation haircut and his beard/mustache, if any, shall be shaven off.
Hairpieces. — An inmate may not wear a wig or artificial hairpiece, unless medical authorization to do so is approved by the Superintendent.
Place for admission. — The admission of an inmate shall be made in an area that is physically separated from the general prison population.
Body search of inmate; personal effects. — Upon admission, the inmate shall be searched thoroughly. He shall be allowed to retain in his
possession only such articles as are authorized hereunder. A list of all articles taken from the inmate shall be entered in the inmate's record and

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receipted for by the guard in charge thereof. All articles taken from the inmate shall be returned to him upon his discharge unless previously
disposed of at the inmate's request or ordered condemned by the Superintendent after a lapse of two (2) years.
If the inmate brings in any drug or medicine, the medical officer on duty shall decide on its disposition.
Confiscation of contraband. — Narcotics and all other prohibited drugs or substances, the possession and/or use of which are punishable under our
laws, all types of weapons, substances or chemicals that may cause injury to persons, and items or articles which an inmate is not allowed to
possess under prison rules shall be considered contraband items and confiscated.
Issuance of uniforms etc. — The newly-admitted inmate shall be issued two (2) regulation uniforms/suits and two (2) t-shirts. Whenever practicable,
he shall also be issued the following items:
a. One (1) blanket;
b. One (1) mat;
c. One (1) pillow with pillowcase;
d. One (1) mosquito net;
e. One (1) set, mess kit; and
f. One (1) pair, slippers.
The inmate shall be held responsible and accountable for the items issued to him.
Personal effects of inmate. — In addition to the articles supplied by the prison, the inmate may bring clothes and other items essential to his
wellbeing, provided the quantity, nature and dimension thereof will not interfere with the safety and living conditions of the other inmates. The
Superintendent may allow the inmate to bring in electrical equipment like television sets, radio cassettes, video players, electric fans and similar
items provided the same is for common use with other inmates.
In no case shall an inmate be allowed to bring in luxurious items such as air conditioners, carpets, sofas, beds, sleeping mattresses,
washing machines and the like.
Wearing of jewelry. — An inmate may not wear jewelry items. He may, however, be allowed to wear an inexpensive watch.

CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES
Classification Board. — Every prison shall have a Classification Board that shall classify inmates in accordance with this Chapter. The Board shall be
composed of the following:
 Chairman: Superintendent
 Vice-chairman: Chief, Reception and Diagnostic Center
 Members: Medical Officer Chief, Education Section Chief, Agro-Industries Section
 Secretary: Chief Overseer
Inmates; how classified. — Inmates shall be classified as to security status and as to entitlement to prison privileges.
Classification of inmates as to security risk. — An inmate shall be assigned to any of the following security groups:
a. Maximum security — This shall include highly dangerous or high security risk inmates as determined by the Classification Board who
require a high degree of control and supervision. Under this category are;
i. those sentenced to death;
ii. those whose minimum sentence is twenty (20) years imprisonment;
iii. remand inmates or detainees whose sentence is twenty (20) years and above and those whose sentences are under review by
the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals;
iv. those with pending cases;
v. recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees;
vi. those confined at the Reception and Diagnostic center;
vii. those under disciplinary punishment or safekeeping; and
viii. those who are criminally insane or those with severe personality or emotional disorders that make them dangerous to fellow
inmates or the prison staff.
b. Medium security — This shall include those who cannot be trusted in less-secured areas and those whose conduct or behavior require
minimum supervision. Under this category are —
i. those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty (20) years imprisonment;
ii. remand inmates or detainees whose sentences are below twenty (20) years;
iii. those who are eighteen (18) years of age and below, regardless of the case and sentence;
iv. those who have two (2) or more records of escapes. They can be classified as medium security inmates if they have served eight
(8) years since they were recommitted. Those with one (1) record of escape must serve five (5) years; and
v. first offenders sentenced to life imprisonment. They may be classified as medium security if they have served five (5) years in a
maximum security prison or less, upon the recommendation of the Superintendent. Those who were detained in a city and/or
provincial jail shall not be entitled to said classification.
c. Minimum security — This shall include those who can be reasonably trusted to serve their sentences under less restricted conditions.
Under this category are —
i. those with a severe physical handicap as certified by the chief medical officer of the prison;
ii. those who are sixty-five (65) years old and above, without pending case and whose convictions are not on appeal;
iii. those who have served one-half (1/2) of their minimum sentence or one-third (1/3) of their maximum sentence, excluding Good
Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA) as provided in Chapter 4, Part III hereof; and
iv. Those who have only six (6) months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum sentence.
Color of Uniform as to security classification. — The color of the uniform of an inmate shall be based on his security classification, as follows:
1) Maximum security — tangerine
2) Medium security — blue
3) Minimum security — brown
4) Detainee — gray, in BJMP (Yellow)
Classification of inmates as to entitlement to privileges. — Inmates shall be classified as follows to determine their entitlement to prison privileges:
1) Detainee;
2) Third Class inmate — one who has either been previously committed for three (3) or more times as a sentenced inmate, except those
imprisoned for non-payment of a fine and those who had been reduced from a higher class;
3) Second Class inmate — a newly arrived inmate; an inmate demoted from first class; or one promoted from the third class;
4) First Class inmate — one whose known character and credit for work while in detention earned assignment to this class upon
commencement of sentence; or one who has been promoted from the second class;
5) Colonist - The Director may, upon the recommendation of the Classification Board, classify an inmate who has the following qualifications
as a colonist: a. be at least a first class inmate and has served one (1) year immediately preceding the completion of the period specified in

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 the following qualifications; b. has served imprisonment with good conduct for a period equivalent to one fifth (1/5) of the maximum term of
his prison sentence, or seven (7) years in the case of a life sentence.
Privileges of a colonist. — A colonist shall have the following privileges:
1) credit of an additional GCTA of five (5) days for each calendar month while he retains said classification aside from the regular GCTA
authorized under Article 97 of the Revised Penal Code;
2) automatic reduction of the life sentence imposed on the colonist to a sentence of thirty (30) years;
3) subject to the approval of the Director, to have his wife and children, or the woman he desires to marry, live with him in the prison and
penal farm. Transportation expenses of the family going to and the discharge of the colonist from the prison and penal farm shall be for the
account of the government. The family may avail of all prison facilities such as hospital, church and school free of charge. All the members
of the family of a colonist shall be subject to the rules governing the prison and penal farm;
4) as a special reward to a deserving colonist, the issuance of a reasonable amount of clothing and ordinarily household supplies from the
government commissary in addition to free subsistence; and
5) to wear civilian clothes on such special occasions as may be designated by the Superintendent.
Inmates who are spouses. — Husband and wife inmates may be allowed to serve their sentence together in a prison and penal farm as soon as both
are classified as colonists.
Revocation of colonist status. — The grant of colonist status may, for cause, be revoked at any time by the Superintendent with the approval of the
Director.

CONFINEMENT AND ACCOMMODATIONS OF INMATE

Place of confinement. — An inmate shall only be confined in a place declared by the President of the Philippines by Executive Order to be a place of
confinement of national inmates or by specific direction of the court, provided that a male inmate shall be committed directly to and shall be confined
in a prison nearest his actual place of residence. A prison may also be used as a place of detention for other classes of inmates or for the temporary
safekeeping of any person detained upon legal process.
Security compounds. — A prison shall, whenever possible, have separate prison compounds for the segregation of inmates according to their
security classification. Each compound shall be under a Superintendent who is assisted by an Assistant Superintendent.
Separate facilities. — Where facilities permit, there shall be separate dormitories to house inmates under the following categories:
a. Finally sentenced inmates;
b. Death Convicts;
c. Inmates who, by reason of their criminal record, are likely to exercise a negative influence on other inmates;
d. Detainees;
e. Youth Offenders or those below eighteen years of age;
f. First Offenders;
g. Habitual delinquents, recidivists, escapees;
h. Infirm, aged, invalids and other finally convicted inmates whose physical condition seriously impairs their mobility;
i. Those suffering from mental disease or abnormality, including sexual deviates;
j. Female offenders;
k. Drug dependents;
l. Foreign nationals; and
m. Members of cultural minorities.
Prison accommodation standards. —
a. All accommodations for the use of inmates shall meet requirements of sanitation and hygiene with emphasis on adequate ventilation,
living space and lighting.
b. Bathrooms and washing areas shall be provided in every prison facility.
c. All areas regularly used by inmates shall be properly maintained and kept clean at all times.
d. Beds and clothing shall be neatly made up in a uniform manner at all times. Beds and buildings occupied by inmates shall be thoroughly
disinfected at least once a month.
e. Cleanliness shall be maintained at all times in all dormitories or cells specially toilet and baths.
f. As often as it is necessary, an inmate shall send his dirty clothes to the laundry.
g. Every Sunday and holiday, if weather permits, inmates will expose their clothes, beds, bedding and so forth in the sunshine in an area
designated for the purpose. Cleanliness of the premises of the dormitories and their surroundings shall be strictly enforced. Littering is
prohibited.
h. Inmates shall be served meals three (3) times a day. Breakfast shall be served not more than fourteen (14) hours after the previous
day's dinner.
Youth camps. — The Bureau shall maintain agricultural and forestry camps where youth offenders may serve their sentence in lieu of confinement in
a prison.

TRANSFER OF INMATES
Transfer of inmate to another prison. — An inmate may be transferred by the Director upon the recommendation of the Superintendent concerned to
another prison facility to bring said inmate closer to his family or as part of his rehabilitation program.
Transfer of insane inmates. — An inmate who has been confirmed to be mentally abnormal or insane may be transferred to a mental hospital with
the approval of the Director.
Transfer of inmate to a stockade of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). — The confinement of an inmate may be transferred to an AFP
stockade provided the inmate is certified as minimum security risk and does not belong to any of the following categories:
a. Inmate serving a life term or sentenced to death;
b. Inmate with a previous record of escape;
c. Recidivist;
d. Inmate serving sentence for a crime involving moral turpitude;
e. Female inmate;
f. Inmate who had previously been transferred to an AFP stockade and was returned to prison for cause;
g. Inmate who is more than fifty (50) years old or who can no longer perform manual work;
h. Inmate who is a permanent resident of a place within a radius of one hundred (100) kilometers from the AFP stockade where he is being
transferred; or
i. Inmate with a pending case or who is a witness in any pending criminal case.
Transfer of inmate not eligible to be a colonist to a prison and penal farm. — Upon the recommendation of the Classification Board, the Director may
also transfer to a prison and penal farm an inmate who, although not eligible for classification as a colonist, is:

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 a. physically and psychologically fit to absorb the rehabilitative program in the colony, or
b. that such an assignment is therapeutically indicated.
Transfer of inmates to a provincial jail and vice versa. — The President of the Philippines may direct, as the occasion may require, the transfer of
inmates from a national prison to a provincial jail, or vice versa. The expenses for such transfers shall be borne by the Bureau except the cost of
escort service which shall be provided by the Philippine National Police.
Mental and physical examination of inmate to be transferred. — The inmate shall be given a mental and physical examination prior to his transfer.

OUTSIDE MOVEMENT OF INMATES

Movement of inmate outside confinement facility. — The Superintendent of a prison may authorize an inmate to be taken out of prison in the
following instances:
a. to appear in court or other government agency as directed by competent authority (Subpoena issued by the court as endorsed by the
Director);
b. for medical examination/treatment or hospitalization in an outside clinic or hospital (Death convict-SC authorizing the presiding judge); or
c. to view the remains of a deceased relative.
Application to view the remains of a deceased relative; supporting documents. — A minimum or medium security inmate may, upon written
application, be allowed by the Superintendent to view the remains of the following relatives upon written application and submission of the original or
certified true copies of the death certificate, the burial permit and the documents specified hereunder:
a. Wife or husband (marriage certificate);
b. Child (birth certificate of child and marriage certificate of the inmate);
c. Brother/sister (birth certificate of brother/sister and birth certificate of the inmate);
d. Father/mother (birth certificate of the inmate);
e. Grandchild (birth certificate of grandchild and of the latter's parent who may be son or daughter of the inmate);
f. Grandparent (birth certificate of the inmate and of his/her parent who is the son/daughter of the deceased grandparent).
When to file application. — The application to view the remains of a deceased relative and all its supporting documents shall be filed with the
Superintendent at least two (2) days before the enjoyment of the privilege sought.
In the case of an NBP or CIW inmate, the application and its supporting documents, together with the prison record of the inmate and the favorable
recommendation of the Superintendent thereof and the Director, shall be forwarded to the Secretary for final action at least one (1) working day
before the privilege is to be enjoyed. (Amended by Department Order 015)
Duration of privilege. — The inmate may be allowed more or less three (3) hours to view the deceased relative in the place where the remains lie in
state but shall not be allowed to pass any other place in transit, or to join the funeral cortege.
Distance of travel. — The privilege may be enjoyed only if the deceased relative is in a place within a radius of thirty (30) kilometers by road from the
prison. Where the distance is more than thirty (30) kilometers, the privilege may be extended if the inmate can leave and return to his place of
confinement during the daylight hours of the same day.

RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF AN INMATE

RIGHTS OF AN INMATE
Rights of an inmate. — An inmate shall have the following basic rights:
a. to receive compensation for labor he performs;
b. to be credited with time allowances for good conduct and loyalty;
c. to send and receive mail matter;
d. to practice his religion or observe his faith;
e. to receive authorized visitors;
f. to ventilate his grievances through proper channels; and
g. to receive death benefits and pecuniary aid for injuries.
Privileges of an inmate. — The following privileges shall also be extended to an inmate:
a. Attend or participate in any entertainment or athletic activity within the prison reservation;
b. Read books and other reading materials in the library;
c. Smoke cigar and cigarettes, except in prohibited places;
d. Participate in civic, religious and other activities authorized by prison authorities; and
e. Receive gifts and prepared food from visitor’s subject to inspection.
Rights of a detainee. — A detainee may, aside from the rights and privileges enjoyed by a finally convicted inmate, wear civilian clothes and to grow
his hair in his customary style.

PRISON LABOR
Prison labor of finally convicted inmate. — A finally convicted able bodied inmate may be required to work at least eight (8) hours a day, except on
Sundays and legal holidays, in and about the prison, public buildings, grounds, roads, and other public works of the national government. In the
interest of the service, however, they may be required to work on excepted days.
Prison labor of detainee. — A detainee may not be required to work in prison. However, he may be made to police his cell and perform such other
labor as may be deemed necessary for hygienic or sanitary reasons.
Agreement of detainee to abide by rules imposed on finally convicted inmates. — Upon his admission, the detainee shall be informed that he may be
credited in the service of his prison sentence with the full time during which he may have undergone preventive imprisonment if he agrees in writing
to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed on convicted inmates, provided the detainee is not a recidivist or has been convicted previously
twice or more times of any crime.
If the detainee agrees, he shall be asked to manifest his agreement in writing.
Certification of Superintendent if detainee refuses to abide by rules imposed on finally convicted inmates. — If the detainee does not agree to abide
by the same disciplinary rules as a finally convicted inmate, the Superintendent shall issue a certification under oath to the effect that the detainee
was apprised of his right to be credited in the service of his prison sentence with the full time during which he may have undergone preventive
imprisonment and that the inmate refused to abide by the rules imposed upon convicted inmates.
In such a case, the detainee shall be credited in the service of his sentence with four-fifths (4/5) of the time during which he has undergone
preventive imprisonment.
Agreement or Certification as part of prison record. — The agreement or certification mentioned above shall form part of the prison record of the
detainee.
Female inmate. — A female inmate shall only be assigned to work on jobs suitable to her age and physical condition. She shall be supervised only
by women officers.
Old inmate. — An inmate over sixty (60) years of age may be excused from mandatory labor.

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Place of work assignment. — Only medium and minimum security inmates may be assigned to work in agricultural field projects within a prison
reservation. Maximum security inmates shall not be allowed to work outside the maximum security compound.
Work programs. — Work programs shall be conducted in prison to promote good work habits and self-esteem among inmates and not as a means to
exploit cheap prison labor or as a punishment for deviant behavior.

COMPENSATION CREDITS
Inmate compensation. — Six (6) months after being permanently assigned to work in prison, an inmate may receive compensation credits at rates to
be prescribed by the Director, provided:
a. He maintains good conduct; and
b. He shows interest and a definite degree of progress in the particular work assigned to him.
Compensation credits. — Compensation credits shall be allowed in the payment of those classified on workmanship as may be prescribed by the
Director.
Keeping of work record of inmate. — A record shall be kept of inmates showing the workmanship classification of skilled and semi-skilled grades.
The credits accruing to each shall be made monthly in accordance with the approved recommendation of the committee named for this purpose. A
copy of the committee's recommendation, duly approved by the Director or the Superintendent, shall be furnished the Commission on Audit for his
information in connection with his duty of supervising the proper accountability of the fund created, the credits to which shall be part of the inmate's
Trust Fund.
Compensation earned, how applied. — The whole or part of the compensation credits earned by an inmate may be forfeited and applied to the
payment of supplies and equipment lost or damaged resulting from the inmate's misconduct or willful negligence. One-half (1/2) of said earnings may
be utilized by the inmate to purchase some of his needs. The remainder shall be withheld, to be paid to him upon release only. In exceptional cases,
however, upon satisfactory showing of a necessity for withdrawal, the Director or the Superintendent may authorize the disbursement of any part of
the amount retained.
Trust Fund. — Compensation credits earned by the inmate as provided for in the preceding section and all monies received by him from any source
shall be deposited in the Trust Fund provided for the purpose.
Withdrawal of earnings. — The inmate may, at any time, withdraw from his compensation earnings in an amount not exceeding one-half (1/2) of his
total earnings. However, in cases of urgent need and at the discretion of the Superintendent, the whole of his earnings may be withdrawn. But he
may, at any time, withdraw any part or all monies received from other sources.
Payment of trust deposit amount to released inmate. — Upon the inmate's discharge from prison he shall be given the full balance of his deposit.

TIME ALLOWANCE FOR GOOD CONDUCT AND LOYALTY (Repealed by RA 10592)

Who may grant Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA). — The Director may grant GCTA to an inmate who displays good behavior and who has no
record of breach of discipline or violation of prison rules and regulations.
Effects of GCTA. — The good conduct or behavior of an inmate shall entitle him to the following deductions from the period of his sentence:

NUMBERS OF YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT NUMBER OF DAYS OF GCTA FOR EVERY MONTH OF GOOD
BEHAVIOR
1st two years 20 days
3rd to 5th year 23 days
6th to 10th year 25 days
11th year onwards 30 days

Computation of GCTA. — Calendar months and years are considered reference to sentences and time served, while thirty (30) days constitute a
month in computing GCTA credits.
GCTA of detainee. — A detainee shall only be granted GCTA if he voluntarily offers in writing to perform such labor as may be assigned to him. In
such a case, the credit he may receive shall be deducted from sentence as may be imposed upon him if he is convicted.
GCTA of life termer. — An inmate sentenced to life imprisonment shall not be granted GCTA while his sentence is on appeal.
Revocation of GCTA. — GCTA once granted shall not be revoked without just cause.
Restoration of GCTA. — The GCTA which an inmate is deprived of because of misconduct may be restored at the discretion of the Director upon the
recommendation of the Superintendent.
Special time allowance for loyalty. — A deduction of one-fifth (1/5) of the period of his sentence shall be granted to an inmate who, after evading the
service of his sentence on the occasion of a disorder resulting from a conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or similar catastrophe, or during a mutiny
in which he has not participated, gives himself up voluntarily to the authorities within forty-eight (48) hours following the issuance of a proclamation
announcing the passing away of such calamity.
RA 10592 (GCTA LAW) ART. 98. Special time allowance for loyalty. – A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be granted to any
prisoner who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service of his sentence under the circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of this
Code, gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a proclamation announcing the passing away of the calamity or
catastrophe referred to in said article. A deduction of two-fifths of the period of his sentence shall be granted in case said prisoner chose to stay in
the place of his confinement notwithstanding the existence of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated in Article 158 of this Code.
"This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving sentence."
Section 5. Article 99 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as follows:"

INMATE COMMUNICATION
Right to communicate. — An inmate shall have the right to communicate or correspond with persons and organizations and to send and receive
letters, packages, books, periodicals and other materials that can be lawfully sent by mail.
Censorship of mail matter. — All letters sent or received by an inmate, as well as magazines, books, periodicals and all reading matters, shall be
subject to censorship to prevent the entry of contraband and the entry or exit of information that may adversely affect the security of the prison.
Collection and delivery of mail. - The mail officer shall collect and deliver mail matters on a daily basis, Monday through Friday. An inmate shall be
advised to claim his mail if he fails to claim his letter within twenty-four (24) hours after it is received in prison.
Expenses for special delivery of mail. — Inmates shall be allowed to send letters by registered, certified, stamped or special delivery at their
expense.
Sending of money. — Inmates may receive or send money through the prison postal service under the supervision and assistance of designated
prison officers. The mail officer shall issue a receipt in duplicate for the amount enclosed in the inmate's incoming letter and shall deposit in the Trust
Fund described in Section 6, Chapter 3 of these Rules. The original receipt signed by the mail officer shall be filed with the Trust Fund Officer and
the duplicate copy thereof shall be given to the inmate.

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Mail privilege of inmate under punishment. — Inmates under disciplinary punishment shall be allowed full mail privileges, unless his misconduct
involves a serious violation of mail regulations.
Use of telephone. — All offender who demonstrates good behavior shall earn one telephone call to an authorized individual every ninety (90) days.
In such a case, the telephone call shall be monitored and shall have a duration not exceeding five (5) minutes. When making the call, the inmate
shall identify himself as an inmate.
Foreign inmates. — Inmates of a foreign nationality shall be allowed to communicate with the diplomatic and consular representatives of the State of
which he or she is a national.
Stateless inmates. — A national of a state without diplomatic or consular representation in the country and a refugee or stateless person shall also
be allowed to communicate with the diplomatic authorities of the state which takes charge of his or her interests or any national or international
authority tasked to protect such person.

INMATE MANUSCRIPTS
manuscript. — As used herein, "manuscript" means fiction, nonfiction, poetry, music and lyrics, drawings and cartoons, and other writings of a similar
nature.

EXERCISE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

Religious freedom. — The religious beliefs and moral precepts of an inmate shall be respected.
Proselytizing. — No prison official shall proselytize inmates under his supervision or allow any inmate to do so without the consent of the inmate
concerned. Reasonable opportunity and access shall be provided to inmates requesting information about the activities of any religion with whom
they may not be actually affiliated.
Pastoral visits. — An accredited priest, minister or pastor may be allowed to hold regular service and to pay pastoral visits in private to inmates of his
religion at such hours as may be prescribed by the Superintendent.
Worship services. — Attendance by an inmate of worship services and similar religious activities shall be on a voluntary basis.
Sponsor in a religious rite. — A prison official, employee or guard, or his wife and children, shall not act as sponsor or otherwise actively participate
in any religious rite or activity involving an inmate or a member of the immediate family of an inmate.
Privileged communication. — All personal communications of an inmate to a chaplain or priest either as a formal act of religion or as a matter of
conscience, shall be treated as a privileged communication. The chaplain or priest concerned shall not be required to disclose said communications.
Dietary requirements. — Inmates observing religious feasts or celebrations may be given raw rations or special diets in accordance with their beliefs.
The cost thereof shall be limited to the recommended daily per capita.

MARRIAGE OF INMATES AND DETAINEES

Request to marry. — An inmate or detainee who wants to get married shall submit a written request therefor with the Superintendent.
Eligibility to marry. — The request of an inmate or detainee to marry shall be approved provided the inmate or detainee is legally eligible to marry
and is mentally competent; and the intended spouse has verified, in writing, an intention to marry the inmate or detainee.
Marriage expenses. — All expenses of the marriage, e.g., marriage license, shall be paid by the inmate or detainee, the intended spouse, the family
of the inmate or detainee, or other appropriate source approved by the Superintendent.
Request to marry of a detainee. — A request to marry which is filed by a detainee shall include an assessment of the legal effects of the marriage on
his pending criminal case.
Marriage ceremony, where solemnized. — The marriage ceremony of an inmate or detainee shall be solemnized in prison.
Solemnizing official. — Unless otherwise requested by the inmate or detainee, the marriage ceremony shall be performed by a chaplain of the
Bureau.
Presence of media. — The Superintendent shall require that a marriage ceremony at the prison be a private ceremony conducted without media
publicity.
Prohibition against prison official acting as sponsor. — A prison official, employee or guard, his wife or children, shall not act as sponsor or witness in
the wedding of an inmate.

VISITING RIGHTS
Visiting rights. — An inmate shall have the right to be visited by his family and reputable friends at regular intervals.
Visitors list. — The Superintendent shall compile and maintain a list of persons named by the inmate who may visit the latter. The list may include
the members of the inmate's immediate family such as his parents, step parents, foster parents, brothers and sisters, wife or husband and children.
Upon the request of the inmate, the list may include his grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws and cousins. Other visitors may, after investigation, be
included in the list if the inmate will benefit from such contact.
Visiting days and hours. — An inmate may be visited from Sundays to Thursdays from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m visitors shall not be allowed to stay
overnight in prison. There shall be no visits on Fridays and Saturdays. (Repealed by BuCor Memorandum. Visiting days and hours are from
Wednesday to Sunday from 8:00am to 3:00pm)
Limitation on visiting rights. — The Director may limit the length or frequency of prison visits as well as the number of visitors to avoid overcrowding.
Exceptions may be granted after taking into account special circumstances, such as the distance of travel of the visitor and the frequency of the visits
received by the inmate.
Visiting room. — Whenever practicable, a prison shall have a visiting room which shall be as comfortable and as pleasant as possible and equipped
to meet the needs of visitors, including children.
Privacy of visits. — Prison guards shall supervise the visiting area in an unobtrusive manner. They shall not eavesdrop on conversations or
otherwise interfere with the privacy of the inmate and his visitor.
Conjugal visits. — A male inmate may enjoy conjugal visits from his spouse in prisons where there are facilities therefor under such conditions as
may be prescribed by the Director.
Visit of legal counsel. — An inmate may be visited by his legal counsel of record at reasonable hours of the day or night.
Violation of visiting rules. — Any circumvention or violation of visiting rules by the inmate or his visitor shall result in the suspension or deprivation of
visiting privileges and the initiation of disciplinary action against the erring inmate.

VOLUNTEER COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECTS

Volunteer community service projects, concept. — The Director may, upon the recommendation of the Superintendent, authorize an inmate to
participate in a volunteer community service project. As used herein, a volunteer community service project is one that is sponsored and developed
by a local government unit or by a nonprofit charitable organization; and is designed to provide for the public good in keeping with the overall goals of
the community, such as community-wide beautification or public safety. The sponsoring organization shall certify to the Bureau that its community
service project will not displace regular employees, supplant employment opportunities ordinarily available within the sponsoring organization, or
impair contracts for services.

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Nature of volunteer community service projects. — A volunteer community service project is not a work assignment. An inmate who chooses to
participate therein does so voluntarily, and may not receive compensation for participation in the project.
Request to participate in community activity. — An inmate may volunteer to participate in a community service project by submitting a written request
to the Superintendent. The inmate must have a minimum security classification and be otherwise eligible for the conditions of the project. The
decision of the Superintendent to approve or disapprove an inmate's request shall be final.

INMATE GRIEVANCE
Inmate complaint center. — To extend prompt, efficient and timely services to the inmates, there shall be an Inmate Complaints, Information and
Assistance Center in each prison compound which shall be directly under the office of the Superintendent. The Center shall act on all written
complaints that are not palpably frivolous, as well as requests for information and assistance of inmates, within seventy-two (72) hours from receipt
thereof.
Inmate Council. — There shall be an Inmate Council composed of finally convicted inmates in every prison which shall serve as an advisory body to
the Superintendent. The Superintendent shall provide a set of qualifications, rules and regulations for membership in the Council.
Role of inmate-representatives in the Inmate Council. — The inmate representatives of the Inmate Council shall meet with the Superintendent or his
representative to discuss issues and matters affecting the prison population. The inmate-representatives shall not be entitled to special privileges
and shall not have any authority over other inmates or participate in the imposition of disciplinary measures, or otherwise interfere with prison
administrative functions.

PECUNIARY AID TO INMATES

Pecuniary aid to inmates killed or injured in the performance of duty. — Pecuniary aid shall be paid to an inmate who is killed, injured or disabled
while preventing a prison riot, or jailbreak, or while in the performance of duties required of him in any prison industry and not due to his negligence.
Amount of pecuniary aid. — The amount of pecuniary aid shall be fixed by the Director and approved by the Secretary.
When pecuniary aid is given. — The pecuniary aid shall be given to the injured or disabled inmate at the time of his release or anytime during his
confinement if he so desires. If the inmate dies as a result of the injury sustained by him, or from any other cause prior to his release, payment shall
be made to his legal heirs, provided they are not the offended parties or those who caused the imprisonment.

DISCIPLINE AND PUNISHMENT OF INMATES

DISCIPLINE OF INMATES
Disciplinary controls, purpose. — Efforts shall be made to instill in the minds of all inmates the concept that self-discipline is an essential
characteristic of a well-adjusted person.
Guidelines on disciplinary control. — Disciplinary controls on inmates shall be firm to ensure safety and good order in prison. Breaches of discipline
shall be handled objectively, and sanctions shall be executed with firmness and justice.
Due process accorded to an inmate. — Every breach of discipline shall be reported to proper prison authorities. The erring inmate shall be given due
process before he is punished. Ignorance of prison rules shall not be countenanced or considered an excuse for its non-observance.
Prohibited acts. — The following acts shall subject an inmate to disciplinary action:
a) Participating in illegal sexual acts or placing himself in situations or behavior that will encourage the commission of illegal sexual acts;
b) Openly or publicly displaying photographs, pictures, drawings, or other pictorial representations of persons engaged in sexual acts, actual
or simulated, masturbation, excretory functions or lewd or obscene exhibitions of the genitals;
c) Possessing articles which pose a threat to prison security or to the safety and well-being of the inmates and staff;
d) Giving gifts, selling or engaging in barter with prison personnel;
e) Maligning or insulting any religious belief or group;
f) Rendering personal services to or requiring personal services from a fellow inmate;
g) Gambling;
h) Exchanging his uniform with another inmate or wearing a uniform other than those officially issued to him;
i) Using profane, vulgar or obscene language or making loud or unusual noise of any kind;
j) Loitering in the prison compound or reservation;
k) Giving a gift or providing material or other assistance to fellow inmates or to the prison administration in general;
l) Engaging in any private work for the benefit of prison officer of employee;
m) Controlling the activities of other inmates except in organizations or groups recognized by prison authorities;
n) Tattooing himself or allowing himself to be tattooed on any part of his body. The removal or alteration of tattoos may only be performed by
a prison medical officer upon prior approval by the Superintendent;
o) Disobeying legal orders of prison authorities promptly and courteously;
p) Threatening, orally or in writing, the life of any employee or prison official;
q) Possessing any communication device like a cellular telephone, pager or radio transceiver;
r) Constructing, renovating or repairing, with personal funds, a prison building or structure;
s) Making frivolous or groundless complaints; and
t) In general, displaying any behavior which might lead to disorder or violence, or such other actions that may endanger the facility, the
outside community or others.
Business activity of inmate. — An inmate shall not engage in business activities or profession except when authorized to do so in writing by the
Director or the Superintendent. An inmate who was engaged in a business or profession prior to commitment is expected to assign authority for the
operation of such business or profession to a person in the community. For this purpose, a business activity shall be used to mean any revenue
generating or profit-making endeavor.

PUNISHMENT
Board of Discipline; composition. — The Director shall establish a Board of Discipline in each prison to hear cases involving an inmate who violates
prison rules. It shall be presided over by the Assistant Superintendent.
Procedure in disciplinary cases. — The procedure in handling disciplinary cases shall be as follows:
a) The written complaint or report of an aggrieved inmate or any inmate or prison personnel having knowledge of any breach of discipline by
an inmate shall be filed with the office of the Superintendent. The complaint or report shall be signed by the complainant and shall describe
the violation and the names of possible witnesses.
b) If the Superintendent, after initial investigation, finds that the complaint or report is baseless, he shall order its dismissal. Otherwise, he
shall endorse the case to the Board of Discipline for hearing.
c) The Board of Discipline shall hold sessions as often as necessary. It shall decide cases referred to it within five (5) working days after the
termination of hearings.
d) The hearing shall be summary in nature and shall not be bound by the technical rules of evidence.

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 e) The inmate charged with the offense shall be allowed to present evidence in the hearing.
f) The decision of the Board of Discipline shall be subject to review and approval by the Superintendent.
g) A decision approved by the Superintendent shall be final.
Protection of inmate from institutional abuse. — An inmate shall be treated with respect and fairness by prisons employees. He shall be protected
against the following:
a) the imposition of any cruel, unusual or degrading act as a form of disciplinary punishment.
b) corporal punishment;
c) the use of physical force by correctional officers, except in cases where the latter act in self-defense, to protect another person from
imminent physical attack, or to prevent a riot or escape;
d) deprivation of clothing, bed and bedding, light, ventilation, exercise, food or hygienic facilities; and
e) forced labor.
Imposable punishment. — The Board of Discipline shall be authorized to impose any of the following disciplinary measures on an errant inmate:
a) Caution or reprimand.
b) Cancellation of recreation, education, entertainment and visiting privileges.
c) Deprivation of GCTA for a specific period.
d) Change of security status to the next higher category e.g., from medium to maximum.
Confinement in disciplinary cell. — If the above corrective measures prove to be ineffective, an obstinate inmate may be punished by confinement in
a disciplinary cell from one (1) to two (2) months depending upon the gravity of the offense committed. This punishment shall only be meted out if the
prison medical officer, after examination, certifies that the inmate is fit to undergo the same or will not adversely affect his physical or mental health.
Mitigation of punishment. — For the first disciplinary offense, and if the inmate's conduct justifies it, the Superintendent may mitigate, suspend or
modify the penalty imposed on an inmate.
Release from disciplinary cell. — The prison medical officer shall visit periodically the inmate in the disciplinary cell and shall advise the
Superintendent if the punishment should be terminated on grounds of physical or mental health.
Use of instruments of restraint. — Instruments of restraint, such as handcuffs and strait jackets, shall not be applied as punishment. They shall only
be used —
a) to prevent an escape during an inmate's transfer or movement; or
b) to prevent an inmate from harming himself or others, or from destroying public or private property.
Limitation on punishment to be imposed on female inmate. — A female inmate shall not be subjected to disciplinary measures which might adversely
affect her unborn or nursing child.
Disciplinary punishment to form part of record of an inmate. — The penalty imposed by the Board of Discipline shall form part of the carpeta and
prison record of an inmate.

INMATE INTERVIEW
Request for inmate interview. — A representative of the news media may file a written request with the Superintendent for a personal interview of an
inmate. The request shall be filed at least three (3) days before the proposed interview.
Notification and consent of inmate to be interviewed. — The Superintendent shall notify the inmate sought to be interviewed of the request, and shall
obtain from said inmate a written consent for the interview.
Prerequisite to approval of request. — As a prerequisite to approving a request for the interview of an inmate, the media representative or news
organization shall give the prison administration the opportunity to respond to comments made by the inmate in the interview and to release
information to the news media relative to the inmate's comments.
Action on request for interview. — The Superintendent shall act on the request for interview within twenty-four (24) hours from receipt thereof,
provided that a request to interview an NBP or CIW inmate shall require the favorable recommendation of the Director and the approval of the
Secretary. (Delegated to the Director General pursuant to Department Order 015)
Denial of request for interview. — The Superintendent may deny the request for interview in any of the following instances:
a) The media representative, or news organization making the request does not agree to abide by the conditions prescribed under these
Rules or by the Superintendent for the conduct of the interview.
b) The inmate is physically or mentally unable to participle. This must be supported by the prison medical officer's statement (a psychologist
may be used to verify mental incapacity).
c) The inmate is below eighteen (18) years of age and written consent has not been obtained from the inmate's parent or guardian.
d) The inmate is the accused or is otherwise involved in a pending criminal case.
e) The interview, in the opinion of the Superintendent, will endanger the health or safety of the interviewer, or would probably cause serious
unrest or disturb the good order of the prison.
Interviews, where and when held. — The interviews of an inmate shall be conducted during normal visiting hours in a place to be designated by the
Superintendent.
Limitations on Media. — The Superintendent may limit the number of audio, video and film equipment or the number of media personnel entering the
prison if he finds that their entry will create a disruption inside the prison.
Filming of interview. — If photographs or film or video footage will be taken during the interview, the inmate concerned shall be in proper uniform and
no frontal shots of the inmate or interior shots of prison buildings and dormitories shall be taken.
Waiver of liability. — Before an interview, the interviewer shall execute a waiver exempting prison authorities from any liability arising from death or
any injury sustained while inside the prison.
Non-payment of inmate who is interviewed. — The inmate who is interviewed may not receive monetary compensation or anything of value for
media interviews which he may give.
Interview of death convict. — Television, radio and other media interviews of a death convict is prohibited.

REHABILITATION AND TREATMENT OF INMATES

PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
Conduct of rehabilitation and treatment programs. — The Bureau shall undertake rehabilitation and treatment programs to help an inmate lead a
responsible, law-abiding and productive life upon release. Efforts shall be made to ensure an optimum balance between the security of the prison
and the effectiveness of treatment programs. Inmate and public safety, and the requirements for effective custody, shall, however, take precedence
over all other activities at all times and shall not be compromised.
Rehabilitation and treatment programs. — Rehabilitation and treatment programs shall focus on providing services that will encourage and enhance
the inmate's self-respect, self-confidence, personal dignity and sense of responsibility.
Guidelines for rehabilitation and treatment programs. — The following guidelines shall be observed in the establishment of rehabilitation and
treatment programs for inmates —

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 a) Corrective and rehabilitation services shall include religious guidance; psychotherapy; socialization; health and sanitation; vocational
training; mental, physical and sports development; and value formation and education.
b) Programs and activities for offenders with special needs shall be placed under the supervision of a social welfare officer in coordination
with other correctional officers with special skills and specialized training.
c) A regular calendar of activities shall be observed.
d) The Superintendent shall be periodically informed on the progress or result of the rehabilitation and treatment programs being
implemented.
e) There shall be a special wing for neuro-psychiatric patients in a prison hospital to be placed under the special supervision of a medical
officer. The latter shall submit a weekly report on the patients therein and may recommend the necessary transfer of a mental patient to a
better-equipped government hospital.

INMATE SERVICES
Inmate services. — As part of the prison rehabilitation and treatment program, the inmate shall be guaranteed access to health, educational,
religious, and related rehabilitation services.
Health services. — Health care and services shall be given to inmates similar to those available in the free community and subject to prison
regulations. A prison shall have at least one qualified medical doctor and a dentist.
Medical consultation and visiting hours. — Medical consultation and visiting hours shall be established by the Superintendent in consultation with the
medical staff.
Basic guidelines on medical consultations. — The following guidelines shall be observed whenever an inmate visits a prison hospital/clinic for
consultation and/or treatment —
a) The inmate shall be in proper uniform during consultations.
b) He shall be attended to on a "first-come, first-served" basis.
c) The number of inmates allowed at the hospital/clinic for consultation/treatment shall depend on the number of available doctors.
d) An inmate shall be subjected to a body search upon entering and leaving the prison hospital/clinic.
e) In emergency cases, only the medical staff and the patient shall be allowed inside the emergency room.
f) An inmate shall not loiter in the hospital/clinic or leave the same without permission from the medical staff.
g) Visitors of inmates shall not be allowed to stay inside the hospital/clinic to attend to the sick inmate without the permission of the prison
medical staff.
h) Children below twelve (12) years of age shall not be allowed to stay inside a hospital ward or treatment room.
i) i. Patients in the hospital shall not be required to stand for checking.
Pregnant CIW inmates. — In the CIW, there shall be special accommodations for pregnant women. Whenever practicable, however, arrangements
shall be made for children to be born in a hospital outside the prison.
Infant born to a CIW inmate. — An infant born while the mother is serving sentence in the CIW may be allowed to stay with the mother for a period
not exceeding one (1) year. After the lapse of said period, if the mother of the infant fails to place the child in a home of her own, the Superintendent
shall make arrangements with the Department of Social Welfare and Development or any other social welfare agency for the infant’s care. As far as
practicable, the CIW shall have a nursery staffed by qualified personnel.
Recommendation for release of seriously-ill inmate. — The prison medical officer shall visit all sick inmates daily and attend to those who complain of
any ailment. He shall render a report to the Superintendent whenever he considers that an inmate's mental or physical health has been or will be
injuriously affected by continued imprisonment or by any condition of confinement.
Notification of kin of sick or dead inmate. — Whenever an inmate is critically ill or dies, the prison medical officer shall report the matter to the
Superintendent who in turn shall notify the inmate's family by the fastest means of communication available.
Meals in hospital/clinic. — Meals shall be served in a prison hospital/clinic at the same time that food is served to the other inmates, unless directed
otherwise by the prison medical officer. Inmates assigned to work in the hospital/clinic shall be provided with food rations coming from the General
Kitchen.
Referral of inmate for outside medical consultation/treatment. — An inmate who needs medical treatment or examination that cannot be provided in
the prison hospital may be referred to a hospital/clinic outside the prison for the needed examination, treatment or hospitalization. The expenses for
the outside medical referral shall be borne by the inmate. During said referral, the inmate shall be accompanied by a member of the prison's medical
staff.
Medical certification. — The outside medical examination, treatment or hospitalization of an inmate shall be supported by a certification of the prison
medical officer or if there is none, by a government physician, which shall specify the exact ailment of the inmate, the treatment or examination
required, the duration of the hospitalization that may be required, and shall certify that the ailment cannot be properly attended to in the prison
hospital, Provided, that in the case of an NBP or CIW inmate, the request for outside medical referral shall be forwarded by the Director to the
Secretary for approval at least one (1) day before the proposed referral. (Supplement by Memorandum from Secretary of Justice dated 10 April
2013)
Referral to government hospital. — Unless absolutely necessary an inmate shall be referred to a government clinic, hospital or institution for the
required examination, treatment or hospitalization. If the referral is made to private institution, the expenses incident thereto shall be borne by the
inmate.
Outside referral for dental work. — Except in emergency cases, no dental work for an inmate shall be done outside the prison, and in cases of
restoration work, expenses shall be borne by the inmate.
Donation of human organ; form of donation. — The Director may authorize an inmate to donate to a licensed physician, surgeon, known scientist or
any medical or scientific institution, including eye banks, and other similar institutions, any organ, part or parts of his body and to utilize the same for
medical, surgical or scientific purposes, or for the utilization for medical, surgical, or scientific purposes, of said organ, or body part or parts which, for
a legitimate reason, would be detached from the body of the grantor, subject to the following conditions:
a) the organ or body part or parts being donated shall be detached after the death of the inmate;
b) the authorization to detach or use the organ or body part or parts shall be in writing; specify the person or institution granted the
authorization, the organ, part or parts to be detached, the specific use or uses of the organ or body part or parts to be employed; and shall
be signed by the inmate and attested by two disinterested witnesses.
c) the donation is approved by the proper court.
Disposition of cadaver of deceased inmate. — Unless claimed by his family, the body of an inmate who dies in prison may be turned over to an
institution of learning or any scientific research center designated by the Secretary, for the purpose of study and investigation, provided that such
institution shall provide a decent burial of the remains. Otherwise, the Bureau shall order the burial of the body of the inmate at government expense,
granting permission to the members of the family and friends of the inmate to be present thereat. If the body is claimed by the family, all expenses
incident to the burial shall be at the expense of the family.
Burial of convict. — In no case shall the burial of a convict be held with pomp.

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Adult education. — All illiterate inmates shall attend adult education classes. Literate inmates may attend classes corresponding to their educational
level.
Educational programs for inmates. — A prison may offer any or all of the following educational programs:
a) Elementary education;
b) Secondary education program to prepare students to successfully pass the required tertiary level qualification examination and to receive a
regular high school diploma. A student will have completed the program when all the credits required for a regular high school diploma
from an accredited institution have been earned;
c) College education; and
d) Vocational training.
Certificate of completion. — The inmate shall be issued a certificate/diploma upon successful completion of an educational program or course. The
certificate shall form part of his prison record.
Recreational and cultural activities. — Recreational and cultural activities shall be provided in all prisons for the benefit of the mental and physical
health of the inmate.

INMATE ORGANIZATIONS
Purpose and scope. —The Bureau shall allow inmates to participate in approved, inmate organizations for recreational, social; civic, and benevolent
purposes.
Application for recognition of an inmate organization. — An inmate may file a written request for recognition of a proposed inmate organization to the
Superintendent.
Approval of an inmate organization. — The Superintendent may approve an inmate organization if he finds that —
a) The organization has a constitution and by-laws duly approved by its members; the constitution and by-laws must include the
organization's purpose and objectives, the duties and responsibilities of its officer(s), and the requirements for activities reporting and
operational review; and
b) The organization does not operate in opposition to the security, good order, or discipline of the prison.
Supervision of inmate organization. — The Assistant Superintendent shall be responsible for monitoring the activities of the prison's inmate
organizations.
Dues. — The inmate organization may not collect dues from its members.
Organization activities. — An officer of the inmate organization must submit a written request for approval of an activity to the Superintendent.
Activities include, but are not limited to, meetings, guest speakers, sports competitions, banquets, or community programs. Activities may not include
fund-raising projects. The request must specifically include:
a) Name of the organization;
b) Nature or purpose of the activity;
c) Date, time, and estimated duration of the activity;
d) Estimated cost, if any;
e) Information concerning guest participation; and
f) Other pertinent information requested by the Superintendent.
Approval of activity. — The Superintendent may approve an activity of an inmate organization if the same:
a) does not conflict with scheduled inmate work or program activities;
b) has confirmation of staff supervision;
c) can be appropriately funded when applicable; and
d) does not conflict with the security, good order, or discipline of the prison.
Use of government funds for activity. — When an activity of an inmate organization requires the expenditure of government funds, the
Superintendent ordinarily shall require reimbursement from non-inmate participants, including civilian guests or members.
Records of inmate organization. — Each inmate organization shall be responsible for maintaining accurate records of its activities.
Suspension of activities of inmate organization. — The activities of an inmate organization may be suspended temporarily by the Superintendent due
to non-compliance with Bureau rules and/or policies. The inmate organization concerned shall be notified in writing of the proposed suspension
sanction and shall have the opportunity to respond to the Superintendent. Continued noncompliance with Bureau rules and/or policies shall result in
an increase in the severity of the suspension sanction, and may include withdrawal of the approval granted to the organization.
Withdrawal of approval of an inmate organization. — The Superintendent may withdraw approval of an inmate organization for reasons of the
security, good order, and discipline of the prison, or for serious or continuous violation of prison rules and/or policies.
Funding of activities. — The Bureau may fund approved activities of inmate organizations or organization requests for purchase of equipment or
services for all inmate’s subject to the availability of funds.

RELEASE OF INMATE
Basis for release of an inmate. — An inmate may be released from prison:
a) upon the expiration of his sentence;
b) by order of the Court or of competent authority; or
c) after being granted parole, pardon or amnesty.
Who may authorize release. — The following are authorized to order or approve the release of inmates:
a) the Supreme Court or lower courts, in cases of acquittal or grant of bail;
b) the President of the Philippines, in cases of executive clemency or amnesty;
c) the Board of Pardons and Parole, in parole cases; and
d) the Director, upon the expiration of the sentence of the inmate.
Approval by Director of release. — An inmate shall only be released by the Superintendent with the approval of the Director.
Verification of identity of inmate to be released. — Before an inmate is released, he shall be properly identified. His fingerprints and other
identification marks shall be verified with those which were taken when he was admitted in prison, and any change in his distinguishing marks since
said admission.
Documentary basis for release. — An inmate shall not be released on the basis of authority relayed through telegram or telephone. Inmates to be
released by reason of acquittal, dismissal of the case, the filing of bond or the payment of indemnity shall only be released upon receipt by the
Superintendent of a written order bearing the seal of the court and duly signed by the clerk of court or by the judge thereof. The release order shall
bear the full name of the inmate, the crime charged, the number of the case, and such other details as will enable the releasing officer to properly
identify the inmate to be released.
Prompt release of inmate. — An inmate shall be released without delay. However, before releasing an inmate who is suffering from a communicable
disease or mental derangement, and who cannot defray the expenses of his treatment, the Superintendent shall take the necessary steps to arrange
for the follow-up treatment of the inmate in an appropriate government institution.

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Release of foreign national. — The Director shall notify the Commissioner of Immigration of the release of an inmate who is a foreign national. At
least thirty (30) days before the approximate date of release, the Director shall furnish the Commissioner of Immigration with certified copies of the
court decision in the case of the alien inmate, a synopsis of his prison record, and the expected date of release.
Release of inmate with pending criminal case. — If the inmate to be released has a pending criminal case, the Director shall inform the court where
the case is pending of the inmate's discharge from prison at least thirty (30) days before the actual date of release. In the proper case, the Director
shall turn over the inmate to the proper court where the inmate has a pending criminal case for disposition.
Prohibited release of inmates before and after election. — The Director shall not order or allow an inmate to leave prison sixty (60) days before and
thirty (30) days after an election except for valid or legal reasons.
Separation and Placement Center. — An inmate shall, thirty (30) days before his scheduled date of release, be transferred to the Separation and
Placement Center to prepare him for reentry into free society, provided he is not under punishment or an escape risk, and is cleared of his
government property accountability.
Pre-release seminar. — All inmates eligible for release shall undergo a one-day seminar in preparation for his life outside prison.
Assistance to inmate to be released. — Upon release of the inmate, he shall be supplied by the Bureau with transportation to his home, including a
gratuity to cover the probable cost of subsistence en route, and if necessary, a suit of clothes.
Transmittal of carpeta and prison records. — In executive clemency and parole cases, the Director shall forward the carpeta and prison record of an
inmate to the Board within the following periods:
a) for commutation of sentence — at least one (1) month before the expiration of one-third (1/3) of the minimum period of the inmate's
indeterminate sentence and in special cases, at least one (1) month before the periods specified by the Board.
b) for conditional pardon — at least one (1) month before the expiration of one-half (1/2) of the minimum period of the inmate's indeterminate
sentence and in special cases; at least one (1) month before the periods as the board may specify.
c) for parole — at least one (1) month before the expiry date of his minimum sentence.
Other security procedures. — The following security procedures shall also be observed in case of an inmate subject of a medical referral or who is
allowed to view the remains of a deceased relative:
a) Medical Referrals
i. The inmate who is brought to an outside hospital for medical treatment/examination shall be provided with at least two (2) escort
guards and returned to the prison of origin during the daylight hours after the treatment is completed. Upon said return, the
Department shall be furnished copies of the inmate's medical certificate, diagnosis and plan of management.
ii. If the inmate is to be confined in a hospital, the inmate may be handcuffed to the bed if he is ambulatory and there is a risk that
he may escape.
b) Viewing the Remains
i. The inmate shall not be allowed more than three (3) hours from the time of arrival at the wake to the time of departure from the
place where the remains lie in state.
ii. The remains to be viewed must be in a place within a radius of thirty (30) kilometers from the place of confinement. Where the
distance is more than thirty (30) kilometers, the privilege may be enjoyed if the inmate can leave and return to his place of
confinement during the daylight hours of the same day.

EXECUTION OF DEATH PENALTY

Death Penalty in the Philippines

 Republic Act 7659 – An act of impose the Death Penalty on certain heinous crimes, amending for that purpose the Revised Penal Laws, as
amended, other special penal laws, and for other purposes. (December 13, 1993).
 Republic Act 8177 – An act designating death by lethal injection as the method of carrying out capital punishment, amending for the
purpose the Article 81 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC), as amended by Section 24 of R.A 7659. (March 20, 1996).
 Republic Act 9346 – An act prohibiting the imposition of death penalty in the Philippines (June 24, 2006)

Death penalty, how executed. — The death penalty shall be executed under the authority of the Director by lethal injection. As used herein, lethal
injection refers to sodium thiopenthotal (Induces sleep), pancuronium bromide (To paralyze the muscles), potassium chloride (Stop the function of
circulatory system particularly the function of heart) and such other lethal substances as may be specified by the Director that will be administered
intravenously into the body of a convict until said convict is pronounced dead.
Policy. — In the execution of the death penalty, the Director shall endeavor so far as possible to mitigate the suffering of the death convict during the
actual execution as well as the proceedings prior thereto. He shall take steps to ensure that the lethal injection to be administered is sufficient to
cause the instantaneous death of the convict.
Services and privileges given to a death convict. — A death convict shall enjoy the same services and privileges accorded to other convicts unless
otherwise provided under this Manual.
Holding cell. — Whenever practicable, the death convict shall, twelve (12) hours prior to the scheduled time of execution, be confined in an individual
cell in a maximum security level facility. The convict shall be provided therein with a bunk, a steel/wooden bed or mat, a pillow, a blanket and a
mosquito net.
Death watch. — Four (4) guards shall keep a close watch over a death convict confined in the holding cell. Said guards shall keep a detailed log
book of their watch.
Religious service. — Subject to security conditions, a death convict may be visited by a priest or minister of his faith and given such available
religious materials which he may require.
Exercise. — A death convict shall be allowed to enjoy regular exercise periods under the supervision of a prison guard.
Meal services. — Meals shall, whenever practicable, be served individually to death convicts inside the cells. Mess utensils shall be made of plastic.
After each meal, the utensils shall be collected and accounted.
Visitation. — A death convict shall be allowed to be visited by his immediate family and reputable friends at regular intervals and during designated
hours’ subject to security procedures.
Subject to the approval of the Superintendent, a death convict shall, seven (7) days before the scheduled date of execution, be allowed daily visits by
his authorized visitors and his attorney of record.
After the death convict is moved to the holding cell, he may only be visited by members of the clergy and other individuals granted visiting privileges
by the Director.
Telephone privileges. — The death convict shall not enjoy telephone privileges after his transfer to the holding cell. The Director may give the convict
said privilege in meritorious cases.

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Log book for mail of death convict. — Thirty (30) days prior to the execution date, the Superintendent shall instruct the mail room officer to forward all
the incoming mail of the death convict to the Commander of the Guards for censorship. A separate log book shall also be kept for mail matters of the
death convict, noting therein the date and time of their receipt and disposition.
Notification and execution of the sentence and assistance to the convict. — The court shall designate a working day for the execution of the death
penalty but not the hour thereof. Such designation shall only be communicated to the convict after sunrise of the day of the execution, and the
execution shall not take place until after the expiration of at least eight (8) hours following the notification, but before sunset. During the interval
between the notification and execution, the convict shall, as far as possible, be furnished such assistance as he may request in order to be attended
in his last moments by a priest or minister of the religion he professes and to consult his lawyers, as well as in order to make a will and confer with
members of his family or of persons in charge of the management of his business, of the administration of his property, or of the care of his
descendants.
Suspension of execution of the death sentence. — Execution by lethal injection shall not be inflicted upon a woman within one year after delivery,
nor upon any person over seventy (70) years of age. In this last case, the death sentence shall be commuted to the penalty of reclusion perpetua
with the accessory penalty provided in article 40 of the Revised Penal Code.
Place of execution. — The execution by lethal injection shall take place in the prison establishment and space thereat as may be designated by the
Director. Said place shall be closed to public view.
Execution procedure. — Details of the procedure prior to, during and after administering the lethal injection shall be set forth in a manual to be
prepared by the Director and submitted to the Secretary for review and approval. The manual shall contain details of, among others, the sequence of
events before and after the execution; procedures in setting up the intravenous line; the administration of the lethal drugs; the pronouncement of
death; and the removal of the intravenous system.
Quantity and safekeeping of drugs purchased. — The exact quantities of the drugs needed for an execution of a death penalty shall be purchased by
the Director pursuant to existing rules and regulations not earlier than ten (10) days before the scheduled date of execution. The drugs shall be kept
securely at the office of the Superintendent of the prison where the death sentence is to be executed. All unused drugs shall be inventoried and
disposed of properly under the direct supervision of the Director.
Administering of lethal drugs. — The injection of the lethal drugs to a death convict shall be made by a person designated by the Director.
Identity of relatives of death convict and of person administering lethal injection. — The identity of the relatives of the death convict and the person
who were designated to administer the lethal injection shall be kept secret.
Persons who may witness execution. — The execution of a death convict shall be witnessed by the priest or minister assisting the offender, his
lawyers of record not exceeding two (2) in number, by his relatives, not exceeding four, if the convict so desires, by the prison physician and
necessary prison personnel, and by such persons as the Director may authorize which may include the —
i. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or his representative;
ii. Secretary of Justice or his representative;
iii. Superintendent;
iv. Chief, NBP Hospital;
v. Chairmen of the House and Senate Committees on Crime or their representatives;
vi. Chairmen of the House and Senate Committees on Peace and Order or their representatives.
vii. Undersecretary of Justice in-charge of corrections.
viii. Chairman, Commission on Human Rights or his representative.
ix. Police chief of the locality where the crime was committed.
x. Ten (10) media witnesses.
 A person below eighteen (18) years of age shall not be allowed to witness an execution.
Selection and composition of media witnesses. — The media witnesses shall be selected from among those present two (2) hours before the
scheduled execution and shall be drawn from the following sectors:
1. two (2) from newsprint (broadsheet);
2. two (2) from newsprint (tabloid);
3. two (2) from TV;
4. two (2) from radio; and
5. two (2) from foreign press.
Expulsion of witness. — Any person who makes unnecessary noise or displays rude or improper behavior during an execution shall be expelled from
the lethal injection chamber.
Non-recording of execution. — The Director shall not allow the visual, sound or other recording of the actual execution by media or by any private
person or group.
Time for burial. — The burial of a death convict shall be held immediately after execution in a common graveyard for inmates. In case the cadaver of
the convict is claimed by his relatives, his burial shall held not later than three (3) days after his body was released.

ESCORT PROCEDURES
Distance of guard from inmates. — If escorting a group of inmates, a guard shall keep a distance of not less than ten (10) paces from his charge.
Upon arrival at the destination, he shall station himself at a vantage point where all the inmates are within sight and can be properly controlled.
Escort procedures for court appearance. — In escort duties for court hearing, the Superintendent shall provide at least two (2) guards for every
inmate. However, when two or more inmates are to be escorted, the number of guards may be reduced proportionately without sacrificing security
requirements. If an inmate is notorious or has a previous record of escape, additional escort guards shall be assigned.

TREATMENT OF INMATES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

HANDLING INMATES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS - The following guidelines shall be observed in handling inmates with special needs:
1. Female
a) The female dorm should be completely separated from the male dorm;
b) A female personnel shall be designated to keep the keys of the female dorms;
c) Only work suitable to their age and physical condition should be assigned to female inmates;
d) No male inmate shall be allowed to enter the female dorm;
e) Male personnel must provide female inmate with utmost privacy and respect for personal space;
f) No male jail personnel should be allowed to enter the female dorm except in emergency cases or when necessary;
g) Searches shall be performed by a female personnel trained in the conduct of appropriate searching methods, shall be made in accordance
with established rules, and shall be provided with privacy during the procedure;
h) Medical/physical examination shall be performed by female health personnel. In the absence of a female health staff, the examination shall
be performed by a male health personnel in the presence of a female staff; and

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 i) i. Female inmates shall be provided with the opportunity to avail themselves of all programs and activities male inmates are provided with.
2. Drug Users/Dependents/Alcoholics
a) Inmates found to be drug users/dependents/alcoholics should be segregated from other inmates, especially during the withdrawal period;
b) Inmates undergoing drug/alcohol withdrawal must be referred to the jail psychiatrist, physician or nurse for evaluation and management;
c) Appropriate measures should be taken to enable inmates to follow strictly the jail physician’s advice regarding diet and other medical
interventions/treatments during the withdrawal period;
d) Maintain close supervision over inmates to prevent attempts to commit suicide or self-mutilation by designating a jail personnel trained to
manage such cases; and
e) Conducts a regular search of the inmate’s dorm and maintain constant alertness to prevent the smuggling of narcotics, liquors and other
dangerous drugs.
3. Mentally-ill
a) Inmates manifesting signs and symptoms of mental illness must be referred to the jail psychiatrist for evaluation and treatment;
b) Disturbed inmates (mentally-ill inmates) should be transferred to mental institutions for proper psychiatric treatment upon the issuance of a
court order;
c) Close supervision and medical management of mentally-ill inmates should be maintained by a jail medical personnel;
d) Place the mentally-ill inmates in separate dorms or in a special restraint room provided for violent cases; and
e) Maintain close supervision over inmates to guard against suicidal attempts or violent attacks on others.
4. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT)
a) Segregate LGBTs to prevent their maltreatment and abuse by other inmates and to prevent them from maltreating and abusing other
inmates.
5. Sex Offenders
a) Inmates charged with sexually-related crimes should be segregated to prevent them from taking advantage of other inmates; and
b) Maintain close supervision and control.
6. Suicidal Inmates
a) Inmates manifesting signs and symptoms of depression/suicidal tendency must be referred to the jail psychiatrist for evaluation and
management;
b) Inmate who attempts to commit or has attempted to commit suicide must be transferred to a government psychiatric hospital immediately
upon issuance of court order;
c) Maintain close supervision over suicidal inmates at all times and designate personnel trained to handle such cases; and
d) Subject them to frequent strip/frisk searches, and greyhound operation for tools/materials that can be used for suicide.
7. Sex Deviates
a. Homosexuals should be segregated immediately to prevent them from influencing other inmates or being maltreated or abused by other
inmates; and
b. Likewise, other sex deviates should be separated from other inmates for closer supervision and control.
8. Escape-Prone Inmates
a. Escape-prone inmates should be held in the most secure quarters, preferably in single-inmate cells, to minimize their contact with one
another;
b. Their conduct/behavior should be closely watched/observed during and after visiting hours and their activities, closely monitored;
c. They should be frequently strip searched and their quarters frequently inspected;
d. Special attention should be given to the examination of items recovered from strip searches; and
e. Telephone calls must be restricted and only calls that can be monitored through an extension line shall be allowed.
9. Inmates with Disability
a. Inmates with disability should be segregated and closely supervised to protect them from maltreatment and any form of abuse by other
inmates, personnel and visitors;
b. Individual case management and special activities should be developed and conducted to address distinct of the inmates;
c. Collaboration with other government agencies should be done to ensure that disabled inmates are provided with the services and benefits
contemplated under the Magna Carta for disabled persons; and
d. Tasks related to self-care of inmates with disability shall be supervised and assisted to avoid potential self-harm or accidents.
10. Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL)
Pursuant to the RA 9344, CICL shall not be confined in jails. Hence, serious efforts shall be exerted by Wardens to immediately transfer
the custody of any CICL to a Youth Detention Home or Youth Rehabilitation Center.
a. Upon admission, CICL shall be subjected to a thorough physical examination. The results of such examination shall form part of the
records of the case of the CICL;
b. Provide a separate detention cell for CICL;
c. Continuously coordinate with the Public Attorney’s Office (PAO) for the provision of paralegal assistance to expedite CICL cases;
d. Continuous coordination and follow-up of CICL cases should be made facilitate the provision of appropriate intervention programs by the
DSWD;
e. The “Law on Proportionality" in the implementation of rehabilitation programs should be observed making said rehabilitation programs
distinct and different from those given to adult inmates;
f. Unless absolutely necessary, a child in conflict with law should not be handcuffed nor other instruments of restraint applied on him/her,
when he or she attends hearings or when he or she is brought to the hospital or is transferred to other institutions;
g. The use of vulgar or profane words should be avoided in dealing CICL;
h. CICL should not be required to wear prison uniforms; and
i. Upon release from confinement, the records of the CICL shall be sealed, and at an appropriate time, expunged.
11. Senior Citizen Inmates
a. Senior citizen inmates should be segregated and close supervised to protect them from maltreatment and other forms of abuse by other
inmates;
b. Individual case management strategies should be developed and adopted to respond to the special needs of elderly inmates;
c. Collaboration with other government agencies and community-based senior citizen organizations should be done to ensure that the
services due the senior citizen inmates are provided; and
Senior citizen inmates should be made to do tasks deemed fit and appropriate, their age, capability, and physical condition considered.
12. Infirm Inmates
a. Inmates with contagious diseases must be segregated to prevent the spread of said contagious diseases;
b. Infirm inmates should be referred to the jail physician or nurse for evaluation and management; and
c. Infirm inmates must be closely monitored and provide with appropriate medication and utmost care.

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13. Pregnant Inmates/Female Inmates with Infants
a. Pregnant inmates must be referred to jail physician or nurse for pre-natal examination;
b. They should be given tasks that are deemed fit and proper, their physical limitations, considered;
c. During active labor, pregnant inmates should be transferred nearest government hospital;
d. Treatment of mother and her infant/s shall be in accordance with the BJMP Policy (Refer to DIWD Manual); and
e. Female inmates with infants shall be provided with ample privacy during breastfeeding activity.
14. Inmates of Other Nationalities
a. The Warden shall report in writing to the Bureau of Immigration and the respective embassies of the detained foreigners the following:
1. Name of Jail;
2. Name of Foreigner;
3. Nationality and the number of his/her Alien Certificate of Registration, if any;
4. Age/Sex;
5. Offense Charged;
6. Case Number;
7. Court/Branch;
8. Status of Case; and
9. Additional data information.
 Conduct regular count of inmates at least five to six (5-6) times within a 24-hour period and strictly implement the established procedures
in counting inmates. Personnel conducting the count shall record the result;
 Never allow jail personnel to open inmate’s quarters alone. At least one (1) other jail officer should be present and guarding the gate;
 Long distance transport of one (1) or more inmates shall be escorted by a minimum of three (3) escort personnel and a back-up vehicle, if
available;

The Physical Plant

 The early prisons were constructed as strong and as escape proof as could be suit to purpose of imprisonment which was then penitence.
 Modern trends of correctional administration encourage the use of open institutions in line with the present concept of rehabilitation as the
objective of the correctional system.
 The plan of building should express the purpose of which it is to be put.
 Present concept of prison: the loss of liberty by confinement in an institution constitute penalty.
 While the penalty is being serve in prison, there should be carried an intensive program of training and treatment aimed at the ultimate
rehabilitation of the inmate confine therein.
 The physical plant of big prisons in the past has always handicapped the rehabilitation work of the administrators. The fundamental
characteristics of prison architecture lag far behind form the progress that correctional ideals and techniques have developed. The goals of
correctional work can far be realized, not until the physical plant of correctional institutions brought into basic harmony with the
assumptions and requirements of the philosophy of rehabilitation. The design of an institution can and does affect the operational prison
atmosphere.

MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY BY PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION (PPA)

WHAT IS TC?

The Therapeutic Community (TC) is an environment that helps people get help while helping others. It is a treatment environment: the interactions of
its members are designed to be therapeutic within the context of the norms that require for each to play the dual role of client-therapist. At a given
moment, one may be in a client role when receiving help or support from others because of a problem behavior or when experiencing distress. At
another time, the same person assumes a therapist role when assisting or supporting another person in trouble.

HOW DOES TC LOOK LIKE?

The operation of the community itself is the task of the residents, working under staff supervision. Work assignments, called “job functions”
are arranged in a hierarchy, according to seniority, individual progress and productivity. These include conducting all house services, such as
cooking, cleaning, kitchen service, minor repair, serving as apprentices and running all departments, conducting meetings and peer encounter
groups.
The TC operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with a hierarchical structure of older and younger members. Each member has a
defined role and responsibilities for sustaining the proper functioning of the TC. There are sets of rules and community norms that members upon
entry commit to live by and uphold.

WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?

1. The primary “therapist” and teacher is the community itself, consisting of peers and staff, who, as role models of successful personal
change, serve as guides in the recovery process.
2. TC adheres to precepts of right living: Truth/honesty; Here and now; Personal responsibility for destiny; Social responsibility (brother’s
keeper); Moral Code; Inner person is “good” but behavior can be “bad”; Change is the only certainty; Work ethics; Self-reliance;
Psychological converges with philosophical (e.g. guilt kills)
3. It believes that TC is a place where: One can change – unfold; the group can foster change; individuals must take responsibility; structures
must accommodate this; Act as if – go through the motion.
4. There are 5 distinct categories of activity that help promote the change:
 Relational/Behavior Management
 Affective/Emotional/Psychological
 Cognitive/Intellectual
 Spiritual
 Psychomotor/Vocational-Survival Skills
These tools serve more than just the purpose of curbing unproductive behavior. They are also a means used for enforcing community
sanctions on behavior that undermine the safety and integrity of the community such as violations of the cardinal rules of TC: NO drugs, NO violence

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or threat of violence, NO sexual acting out and NO stealing! Everything an officer does is meant to erase “street behavior” and to lead the offender to
be committed to “right living”.
When the office gives seminars and tutorials, arranges activities focused on the Higher Power, conducts games, educational trips and
other recreational activities, we touch on the TC aspect of Intellectual and Spiritual Dimension. Aside from the role of a direct supervisor, the VPAs
may be the invited resource persons, donors/sponsors, facilitators, lecturers, etc. during these seminars.
The skills training and livelihood activities fall within the purview of TC’s Vocational and Survival Skills, so with Medical/Dental Clinics and
Environmental Conservation activities. In this aspect, the VPAs can facilitate job placement and can tap community resources for clients social and
physical needs.
Therapeutic Community is a tool that the Administration uses to prepare the client for reintegration to the community as a reformed,
rehabilitated, productive, drug-free and law abiding person.

WHAT IS THE TC MISSION?

To promote human and social transformation among our clients and among ourselves.

WHAT IS THE TC VISION?

By the end of this decade, TC shall have become the corporate culture of the Parole and Probation Administration permeating its plans,
programs, and practices, and confirming its status as a model component of the Philippine Correctional System.

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)

PHASES OF TREATMENT
 Phase 1-Entry/Orientation Phase – once an inmate is committed to jail, he undergoes a series of examination to determine his physical,
social and psychological status. Upon his commitment, a resident is placed on orientation at the Reception and Diagnostic
room/Orientation room. In here, he is acquainted with the TC program.
 The rules and norms of the community.
 TC concepts, written and unwritten philosophy.
 The staff and the members of the community
 The tools of the house.
 Job functions and TC hierarchy.
 Phase 2-Primary Treatment – after proper orientation on the different TC concepts and tools, the norms and rules of the community and
the staff members, the resident is now ready to undergo treatment proper.
 Phase 3-Pre Re-Entry – under regular circumstances, the resident is expected at this stage to have internalized the TC values and concept
to start life afresh.
 Phase 4-Re-Entry – in the ideal setting, a resident at this stage is now ready to be released back to society as he has demonstrated
adequate self-control and discipline.
 Phase 5-Aftercare – is an outpatient program that require clients to report twice a week to an outreach center.

Standard Parameters for Jail TCMP

a. Physical environment
b. TCMP staff
c. The therapeutic environment – the inmates/residents
Morning meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC facility. It is attended by the whole community and lasts for an hour. It
commences with the opening prayer, singing of the Philippine national anthem and the recitation of the TC philosophy.

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)

The therapeutic community (TC) program represents an effective, highly structured environment with defined boundaries both moral and
ethical. The primary goal is to foster personal growth. This is accomplished by re-shaping an individual’s behavior and attitudes through the inmate’s
community working together to help themselves and each other, restoring self-confidence, and preparing them for their re-integration into their
families and friends as productive members of the community.
Patterned after Daytop TC, New York which is the base of the therapeutic community movement in the world, the BuCor TC program was
adopted as part of the Bureau’s holistic approach towards inmate rehabilitation. It is implemented primarily but not limited to drug dependents.

Developmental Aspects of Therapeutic Modalities:

A. Behavioral Management or Behavioral Therapy;
The Behavior Management is a component of Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) that introduces the concept and mechanics of the
various shaping to include morning meeting in order to facilitate the management of and shape the behavior of the residents.
Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the learning process and the practice of more adaptive behaviors within the social learning
environment.
Hierarchy of Behavior Shaping Tools
 Talk to – is an outright correction mode by any member of the TC community to another member who has done a minor infraction but is
not aware of it. It is a friendly reminder/advice about an unacceptable behavior and must be done privately.
 Pull-up – is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in awareness in a resident. This is done when the violator is unknown and must be
validated first prior to bringing up in the morning meeting.
 Dealt with – is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the house rules/norms are done for the second time of same offense by a
resident. A panel of three (3) composed of a senior resident, peer and a friend are tasked to deliver as serious and stern reprimand to the
subjected resident.
 Haircut – is done when negative behaviors or infractions to house rules/norms in same offense are done for the third time or more or for
first time grave offense. It is a carefully planned and structured verbal reprimand given by a Staff with four other residents – senior resident,
peer, big brother, and department head. The tone is more serious and can be loud, harsher and exaggerated.
 Learning experience (LE) – is an action or activity given to a resident who was subjected to haircut or general meeting who did an
infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE may be task-oriented, written task or peer interactions.
 Bans – are sanctions to members who commit repeatedly infractions or violation to the cardinal rules by prohibiting, disallowing or limiting
an activity or affiliation to a group.
 General meeting – a repeated breach to the cardinal rules necessitates a general meeting. Such issue should be discussed with the
community to point out to the violator the negative effect the behavior had on the community.

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  Expulsion – in extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and becomes a threat to the community (instigator, initiator of jail
disturbances), the Director with the recommendation of the Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the nearest jail facility with an
appropriate Court order.
B. Emotional and Psychological;
Counseling – is defined as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities enhance or restore their capacity for psychological,
emotional and social functioning and creating an environment favorable for the attainment of these goals.
Psychosocial Skills and Characteristics of Counseling
 Empathy
 Warmth
 Respect
 Congruence
 Confidentiality
Pattern of Counseling Session:
1. Introduction
2. Information gathering
3. Discussion/counselor input
4. Conclusion
When to break confidentiality?
1. Children are being neglected or abused
2. Appearance in court as a witness
3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide.
4. Client expressed plan to harm others.
Initial Interview/Intake Interview – the intake interview in the jail setting is done by a Counselor to newly admitted residents. The main purpose is to
elicit information about the resident and provide information about the program and what the expectations are on both parties.

i. One to one counseling/individual counseling

ii. Group counseling
 Static groups – is a permanent group of peers and leaders that meet regularly while the residents are in treatment. It is a sort of
“home” group who provides support for one another and to the new members of the community.
iii. Peer confrontation group – the group participants in peer confrontation group are selected by the staff and group according to peers like
adult members will go with the same date of entry in the facility and same goes with the middle and young members.
iv. Secrets – are a group activity where participants are given the opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus experience freedom from
internal psychological conflicts.
v. Encounter groups – serves as a “safety valve” within the community which is usually high pressured and structured.
vi. Extended group – are usually composed of 5-12 residents and is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff members.
vii. Specialized groups
 Loss and bereavement
viii. Women’s group
ix. Men’s group
x. Medication support group
xi. Anger management
xii. Pre-release interview
C. Intellectual and Spiritual or Cognitive Therapy;
Spirituality in TC – spirituality is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness in an man. Spirituality in TCMP is designed to respond
to the inner longing of residents to find greater faith where they can anchor themselves within their struggle to find meaning to their existence.
Intellectual component – the intellectual component on the other hand responds to the natural human characteristics of yearning for knowledge in
order to attain a higher level of understanding.
The TC Philosophy
1. Surrender
2. Self-disclosure
3. Reflection
a. Self-realization
b. Growth
c. Self-worth
The TC Unwritten Philosophies
1. Honesty
2. Responsible love and concern
3. To be aware is to be alive
4. Trust in your environment
5. Be careful what you ask for, you might just get it
6. No free lunch
7. You can’t keep it unless you give it away
8. What goes around comes around
9. Act as if
10. Understand rather than be understood
11. Personal growth before vested status
12. Compensation is valid
13. Forgiveness
14. Humility
15. You alone can do it, but you can’t do it alone
16. Pride in quality
17. Feelings don’t think
18. Guilt kills
19. Hang tough
20. You are your brother’s keeper

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Theme/Concept of the Day – it refers to a word or saying that will serve as a guide for the community to ponder upon in relation to their day-to-day
interactions and behaviors.
Meditation: Discovering Your Inner Sanctuary – the visualization meditation is used to help an individual establish a practice of moving his attention
within, finding his place of relaxation and peace by contacting his inner wisdom.
Seminars – are activities in TC, that provide intellectual stimulation and seek personal involvement among residents. It is a way of providing
information, improving the resident’s speaking and writing abilities and enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all the information being
presented.
The Debate – is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how to reasonably and put together arguments in a logical manner. This
is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain
insights on other’s opinions which may be opposite to their own.
Games: The “Grab Bag” – the “grab bag” is a form of seminar which enhances the resident’s ability to communicate, analyze ideas and develop
insights about themselves with the use of identification with inanimate objects.
Saturday Night Activities – this activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event purposely to instill fun, humor and entertainment after an
intense and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to let loose and socialize.
D. Vocational and Survival Skills – the development of vocational and survival skills starts at the beginning of performance in job functions in the TC
community which has substantial value to the individual. Its aim is not only to detain or confine residents but also to challenge them to learn
vocational skills for their reentry to the community. Vocational rehabilitation helps the individual to become less independent, adapt himself and
become more independent by making positive changes.
Therapeutic Community Structure
 Class – A TC Community (Jail Population – 1, 000 up)
 Class – B TC Community (Jail Population – 500-999)
 Class – C TC Community (Jail Population – 1-499)
Different Positions in the Structure
 Coordinator
 Coordinator on duty
 Chief expediter
 Assistant chief expediter
 Department head
 Department crew
TCMP Departments
 Business Office Department (BOD)
 Expediting Team
 Kitchen Department
 Maintenance and Landscaping Department
 Housekeeping Department
 Laundry Department
Staff Functions
 Director – Warden
 Assistant Director – Assistant Warden
 Counselor – a staff is assigned as a counselor for each department.
Livelihood and Skills Training
 Culinary arts
 Basic steel fabrication
 Bread making enhancement
 Rug making
 Wood carving
 Flower making
 Massage therapy
 Artistry
 Basic electricity
 Automotive
 Masonry and carpentry
 Tailoring and dressmaking
 Furniture
 Lantern and Christmas décor making
 T-shirt printing
 Basket weaving
 Shell craft
 Guitar making
 Organic farming

Major Programs
There are four (4) major programs under the mandate of BJMP and they are the following:
1. PDL custody, security and control program.
2. PDL welfare and development program.
3. Decongestion program.
4. Good governance.

Core Programs
A. Provisions of Basic Needs
All PDL under custody are provided with three (3) meals (breakfast, lunch and supper). Adequate supply of potable water is made available to them
at all times. Likewise, upon admission, each PDL is issued his or her PDL uniform consisting of the yellow shirt and brown jogging pants. Hygiene
kits are also distributed to the PDL on monthly or quarterly basis. Occasionally, the provision of basic needs for the PDL is supplemented by the
food and non-food donations from local government units, non-government organizations, business sector and private individuals.
B. Health Services

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Health services for PDL consist of interventions towards the prevention, promotion, treatment of illnesses and rehabilitation. All PDL undergo
medical assessment upon admission. During confinement, PDL are provided with health education and counseling, medical consultations, regular
health monitoring, and provided medicines subject to availability. To maintain the physical health of PDL, they are allowed daily sunning and
physical exercises.
C. Educational Program
The educational program aims to provide opportunities for PDL to achieve mandatory education. For this reason, BJMP adopted the Alternative
Learning System (ALS) of the Department of Education for the PDL to earn their elementary and high school diplomas. Teachers in the jail-based
ALS are BJMP Personnel who are professional teachers and trained on the Instructional Method for ALS. In jails where there are no personnel
trained to handle ALS classes, the ALS teachers would be coming from the Department of Education. All PDL enrolled in the ALS earn their
respective Time Allowance for Teaching, Studying and Mentoring (TASTM) pursuant to RA 10592.
D. Skills Training/ Enhancement Program
The objective of the skills training program is to equip the PDL with technical/vocational skills which they can use in seeking employment or starting
their own business after release from confinement. To make the PDL as competitive as other potential job seekers, the skills trainings preferred are
those accredited by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) so that the PDL will be able to earn National Certifications.
Thus, only the PDL who meet the eligibility requirements of the specific skills training program being offered can participate.
E. Livelihood Program
The livelihood program presents income-generating activities to PDL during their confinement where they are able to earn for their personal upkeep
and for financial support to their families. The capital for the livelihood project are either from BJMP for BJMP-funded projects or from the common
fund of a group of PDL for non-BJMP funded projects. Examples of continuing and most popular livelihood projects of PDL are bags and purses,
bonsai made of beads, pastries, rugs, paper crafts, and wood crafts. To help the PDL earn from these livelihood projects, the jail unit Welfare and
Development Officer (UWDO) facilitates the sale of the products in display centers or livelihood caravans organized by the local government units
and other service providers. In addition, online or e-marketing of PDL products is also run by the jail unit Welfare and Development Office.
F. Behavioral Management/ Modification Program
BJMP implements the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) to manage and modify behaviors of PDL with the goal of positively
changing their thinking and behavior through structured group processes. The program endeavors to teach and model positive thinking, pro-social
values, good decision-making, and positive coping. Through the program, PDL are trained on socially acceptable ways of behaving and relating with
their fellow PDL and with personnel and visitors thereby fostering a therapeutic jail environment and maintaining a peaceful communal atmosphere.
G. Interfaith Program
PDL are provided with the opportunity to practice their faith while under custody without discrimination, subject only to usual safety and security
measures. The BJMP chaplains and imams provide different religious services such as but not limited to mass celebrations, communal prayers,
spiritual counseling, catechism, and others. Religious organizations and their respective ministers/pastors and leaders are accredited by BJMP to
facilitate their regular contact with PDL for the provision of religious services.
H. Cultural and Sports Program
The cultural program aims to promote camaraderie among PDL, encourage the development of self-confidence and sharing of cultural talents as
form of positive entertainment. Cultural activities allowed in jails include dance, singing, theatre/drama, and art workshops. Also, through this
program, PDL experience some sense of social normalcy through the communal celebrations of socio-cultural events like birthdays, Valentine’s Day,
Mothers’ and Fathers’ Day, Christmas, Lent and Easter, Ramadan, local festivals and other similar activities.
I. Paralegal Program
The main objective of the Paralegal Program is to address the overcrowding in jail facilities. Through the paralegal program, PDL are assisted in
availing of the different early modes of release. Regional and jail paralegal officers conduct continuous informative seminars/orientations to PDL on
their rights, modes of early release, and other paralegal/legal remedies which can be availed of by them. Other paralegal services include paralegal
counseling and case follow-up in the courts by the jail paralegal officers.
J. E-Dalaw
The E-DALAW service is an alternative to the traditional face-to-face visitation between PDL and respective families. This service enables the PDL
to connect with his/her family through a supervised video call and chat. The program is conceptualized specifically to cater to PDL whose family
members cannot go to the jail for actual visit because of the long distance to the jail from the residence or workplace of the family members.
However, in case of jail lockdown by reason of public health emergency where visitation is suspended, all PDL are allowed to use the e-dalaw to
communicate with their families on equitable rotation basis.

Support Services
A. Human Rights Desks
Every jail facility operates a 24-hour Human Rights Desk handled by a designated Human Rights Affairs Officer. The main function of the Human
Rights Desk is to receive complaints concerning human rights violations from PDL and visitors and to report the complaints thru the appropriate
reporting system to the concerned BJMP offices and to the Commission on Human Rights for investigation and appropriate action.
B. Help Desk
In line with the government’s policy of providing timely and speedy access to government services, each jail facility has established its own Help
Desk managed by a designated Held Desk Officer. The Help Desk functions as a referral unit where PDL and visitors can lodge their request for
assistance concerning personal or family needs. These requests are evaluated by the Help Desk Officer and all requests for assistance that cannot
be addressed by the jail are referred to the concerned government agencies for appropriate action.
C. Refferals for Aftercare
Although BJMP recognizes the importance of aftercare program for PDL to be released for them to start a new, it is limited only to providing welfare
and developmental programs to PDL while they are in custody. Nevertheless, to ensure continuity of care of PDL upon release, the jail unit Welfare
and Development Officer facilitate referrals to different community resources. These referrals addressed to the local government units, non-
government organizations and the business sector usually include but not limited to seeking immediate financial assistance for PDL’s repatriation,
employment/livelihood assistance, educational/vocational training scholarships, medical and psychological interventions.

Special Program for Vulnerable Groups

A. Services for Pregnant PDL
Pregnant PDL, by reason of their medical condition, are given special attention by the jail nurses to ensure compliance to pre-natal and post-natal
care, timely provision of other pregnancy-related needs, and assistance for the care of the newborn until the latter is endorsed to the immediate
family or accredited child-caring agency.
B. Services for Senior Citizen PDL and PDL with Disabilities
In addition to implementing measures to protect the senior citizen PDL and PDL with disabilities from discrimination and establishing functional
priority lanes for them, the primary policy is to link them to the local Office of Senior Citizen Affairs Office (OSCA) and Person with Disability Affairs
Office (PDAO) for the acquisition of their respective Identification Cards. The respective identification cards issued by the local government unit are

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the PDL’s access key to the different services for senior citizens and persons with disabilities mandated by the Senior Citizen’s Act and Magna Carta
for Persons with Disabilities.
C. Services for PDL with other Special Needs
PDL who are members of the LGBT community maybe segregated from the general population in terms of housing to prevent potential
mistreatments towards them by reason of their gender expression and other vulnerabilities. Nevertheless, they receive the same programs and
services provided to the general population and they are encouraged to participate fully in the socio-cultural activities of the jail.
D. Mental Health Services
In general, preventive mental health aimed at reducing incidence of mental health disorders and developing positive coping mechanisms are
provided to all PDL. Preventive mental health interventions include informative seminars on stress management, psycho-educational counseling and
other supportive psychological group activities. Likewise, psycho-social support services or stress debriefing to address trauma are facilitated for
PDL after the occurrence of untoward jail incidents or in the aftermath of devastating calamities directly affecting the PDL.
E. Drug Counseling for PDL with Substance use Disorder
PDL with substance use disorder or have history of illegal drug use and who were granted plea bargaining under A.M. No. 18-03-16 SC, are
provided with drug counseling using the Katatagan Kontra Droga sa Komunidad (KKDK) approach. The KKDK is a psycho-educational drug
counseling program developed consisting of twenty-four (24) modules: eighteen (18) modules to be completed by the PDL in a small group setting
with fellow PDL and six (6) family modules to be participated by the PDL’s family. The drug counseling runs for maximum duration of four (4) months.

Treatment Programs of Convicted Persons placed under Non-Institutional correction programs/Community Based Program (Parole and Probation
Administration, including Pardonees)

 Community-based corrections enhancing the role of the community in corrections

 Community involvement is a necessary crime prevention ingredient in the effective treatment and rehabilitation of offenders. The
active and serious involvement of the citizens is essential if crime is to be substantially reduced. Public participation has to be
mobilized and energized to help the authorities in effectively addressing the law and order concerns of the local citizentry.
 The community should carry greater responsibility in corrections. After all, it is from them that criminals emerged. Some kind of a
collective responsibility to pay for a collective guilt in somehow contributing to the emergence of the criminal is just one of the
justification for involving the community.
 The best approach is first to organize the people who become critical of government wrongdoings. If we do not do this, the
community organizations formed will only be just paper organizations at the beck and call of those who organized it.
 The community should be concerned about the operation of local jails for several reasons. First, the budget for local jails
consumes a substantial portion of the Internal Revenue Allocation of the local government unit. Second, the majority of jail
inmates come from the very community where the jail is situated and it will be able these communities that the inmate will return
to upon release. This fact forces the successful rehabilitation of the inmate not merely as a criminal justice problem but as a
community problem requiring the community itself to be mobilized for this purpose.
 Improving offender-family relations to improve treatment.
 The family is the basic unit of the society. Whatever fate befell the family also befell society. If the family is in trouble, so too, is
society in trouble. If it is ruined, society is also ruined.
 The family also suffers for the incarceration of a member. Positively involving them in corrections would surely increase the
success of rehabilitation and treatment.
 Media plays an important role
 In the efforts to enlist the support and participation of the community, the role of the media is extremely important for two
reasons. One is that the media has the capacity to reach out to the widest segment of the population. Secondly, the media is a
very strong force in the formation of public opinion. The media presents opportunities that can lead speedily, easily and surely to
a more positive image and increased public support.
 Instilling spirituality and moral recovery program as one way of reforming the offender and society
 Institutionalizing and intensifying a moral regeneration program in society that will target the very young can achieve correcting
society as a means to correct criminals. The curriculum in the schools for values education is a passive one; it is not enough to
make our people morally upright.
 The most ideal groups to tap in this effort are those who belong to the religious sector. The church is the moral guardian of
society. It is but natural that the task of recovering the morality of our people should be initiated by the church. And the church
will be forced to take this obligation if offered by the government due to a passage in the bible that says whatever you did to the
least of our brethren, the prisoners being one of those specified in the bible, you did it for god.
 The church and its teaching are also valuable at the micro level. When all else fail in the work of rehabilitating the offender, the
last weapon is to instill the fear of God. Enhancing the spirituality of the inmate is a most potent weapon in corrections. Religious
teachings focus on the basic theme of belief and reliance on an all-powerful but all-merciful god, as opposed to belief in oneself.
 The school should complement the church
 The school shall not only teach the youth subjects that will enable them to acquire skills such as reading, writing, science,
technology and math subjects. It is also important that students are taught values of makatao, makabayan, makakalikasan and
maka-diyos. These teachings will go a long way towards making a man law-abiding.
 The business community should also be tapped to provide livelihood in and outside prisons
 The business community is a highly valuable partner in the rehabilitation and treatment of convicted offenders. It has everything
needed for an effective corrections work: funds, human resources, skills, product, employment, etc. and it will be valuable in
training inmates and giving them life skill experiences that will surely prove valuable in their effort to successful reenter society
upon release.
 More recommendations for a more effective community pillar in corrections work
 Probation should be handled by NGOs who should conduct regular house calls, meeting the probationer’ families, friends,
neighbors and the community at large.
 Convicts that are not hardened and with a lot promise in being rehabilitated will render community service instead of going to
prison. This will be under the supervision of NGOs not government who may not become effective because of bureaucracy or
pressure from politicians or the top.
 Post-release programming is the role to be played by the 5 th pillar of the criminal justice system, the community. This can be
done through an NGO.
 Support mechanism for newly released prisoners; conduct information and education program on crime prevention in the
community.
 A community linkage and network development office should be created in every jail and prison facilities nationwide.

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  Since support can be most effectively produced through a two-way approach, the detainees and inmates considered as medium
security should be utilized to participate in community projects initiated by the church, the schools, the NGOs, the civil as well as
the civic society like the rotary, the jaycees, etc. and any other groups.

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