Unit Grammar

Reported speech

Q Reported speech
Use E x a m p le
To report what someone else said My dad said that he’d written a song.

Form
Direct speech Reported speech
present simple past simple
7 want to build a new house/ said Jill. Jill said she wanted to build a new house.
present continuous past continuous
W e are m aking a dress,’ they said. They said they were m aking a dress.
present perfect continuous past perfect continuous
7 have been drawing all day,’ said Debbie. Debbie said she had been drawing all day.
past simple past perfect simple
‘Jim m ade a card for me yeste rd a y/ Amy said. Amy said Jim had m ade a card fo r her the day before.
past continuous past perfect continuous
7 was writing a p o e m / said Tina. Tina said she had been writing a poem.
will would
7 will make you a scarf,’ my grandma said. My grandma said she would make me a scarf.
a m /is/a re going to w as/were going to
‘They are going to make a new one,’ said Joe. Joe said they were going to make a new one.
can could
7 can draw quite w e ll/ Emma said. Emma said she could draw quite well.
m u s t/h a v e to had to
‘You have to visit the fashion sh o w / she said. She said we had to visit the fashion show.
may m ight
7 m ay visit the White House next w e e k/ said Polly. Polly said she m ight visit the White House the following wee!

I1d * elpful hints

We often have to change other words apart from the verb form.
pronouns time and place
• I — he/she • here — there • next week the following week
• you -> l/m e /th e y/th e m • now ~ then/at that mom ent • yesterday the day before
• we — they • tom orrow — the next day • last week the week before
• us -►them • tonight — that night • ago before
• my — his/her
• your -•> m y/their

We only make tense changes when the reporting verb (say, etc) is in the past.
/ Tony says he is going to study architecture.
/ Tm y -says he was going to studyarchitecturer
We don't change the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous.
/ 7 had seen the picture before.’ -> He said he had seen the picture before.
We also don’t change would, should, could and m igh t
/ 7 m ight take up painting.’ — She said she m ight take up painting.
We can use verbs like apologise, deny, promise, refuse and suggest in reported speech.
/ Jan apologised for losing the picture. / Charlotte refused to let me see her painting.
/ He denied breaking the statue. / My dad suggested going to an art gallery.
/ Terence prom ised to help me decorate
the house.
 Reported speech Jnit 31

Choose the correct answer.

1 Tm a big fan of 112/ Derek said. 5 ‘At one o'clock, I was having lunch/ said Molly.
Derek said h e ..................... a big fan of U2. Molly said she . ... lunch at one o'clock.
A was A had been having
B has been B has had
C had been C -s having
2 'We're watching TV/ said the twins. 6 ‘You'll get wet without an umbrella,' Dad said.
The twins said th e y ......................TV. Dad said I ......................wet without an umbrella.
A watched A will be getting
B were watching B got
C had watched C would get
3 ‘You've been annoying me all Gay!' my mum 7 ‘He can juggle five balls!' said Angie.
said. Angie said h e ......................five balls.
My mum said I ......................her all day. A juggled
A annoyed B would juggle
B was annoying C could juggle
C had been annoying
8 ‘You must give me your essays,' Mrs Vine said.
4 The dog ate my homework!' said Ivan. Mrs Vine said w e ......................give her our
Ivan said the d o g ......................his homework. essays.
A was eating A were having to
B had eaten B had to
C has eaten C would have to

C o m p lete using the words and phrases in the boxes.

his • their • them • there before • that night • the day before • the next day

1 Tm see[ng Simon tomorrow,' Mary said.

Mary said she was seeing Sim on...........................................
2 ‘We moved into the area two years ago,' Bella said.
Bella said they had moved :nto the area two years ...
3 ‘Our teacher is giving us a test!’ said Michelle.
Michelle said their teacher was giving ........................................a test.
4 ‘My dad gave me fitty pounds!' sa»d Neil.
Neil s a id .........................................dad had given him fifty pounds.
5 ‘I scored a great goal yesterday/ Manna said.
Marina said she had scored a great g o a l...........................................
6 ‘We saw our cousin at the fair,' said Ben.
Ben said they had seen.........................................cousm at the fair.
7 ‘I left my wallet here,' Frank said.
Frank said he had left his w a lle t...........................................
8 I'll sieep well tonight!' said Arnie.
Arnie said he would sieep w e ll...........................................

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 G ra m m a r

U n d e r l i n e t h e m i s t a k e in e a c h s e c o n d s e n t e n c e a n d w r i t e t h e c o r r e c t w o r d s .

1 T h e re 's a m ouse in the kitchen!' said M artha.

M artha said there had been a m ouse in the kitchen. ........................................
2 ‘W e’ve won every m atch this year,' Am y said.
Am y said they w on every m atch th a t year. .........
3 ‘I broke m y leg tw o w eeks ag o ,' said Spencer.
S pencer said he had broken his leg tw o w eeks ago. ........................................
4 ‘W e'd heard the song b e fo re ,’ Rory said.
Rory said he had heard the song before. ........................................
5 Tve been w o rkin g since fo u r o’c lo c k ,’ said Dad.
Dad said he w as w o rkin g since fo u r o 'clo ck . ........................................
6 ‘W e’re spending to m o rro w by the sw im m ing p o o l,’ Belinda said.
Belinda said th e y have sp e nt the next day by the sw im m ing p o o l...........................................

C o m p l e t e e a c h s e c o n d s e n t e n c e u s in g t h e w o r d g iv e n , so t h a t it h a s a s i m i l a r
m e a n i n g to t h e f i r s t s e n t e n c e . W r i t e b e t w e e n t w o a n d fiv e w o r d s .

1 Tm g o in g to bake a ca ke ,’ said Mum. s h e

Mum s a id ......................................................................... to bake a cake.
2 ‘Ricnard has passed his driving te s t,’ Andy said . p a s s e d
Andy s a id .......................................................................... his driving te st.
3 ‘W e’re staying in to n ig h t to w atch TV .’ Jim said, t h a t
Jim said t h e y .........................................................................to w atch TV.
4 Tm thinking of g o in g on a diet,' said G eorge, h e
G e o ^ e s a id .........................................................................o f goin g on a diet.
5 ’My sister lived in Russia fo r a ye a r,’ Caroi said. liv e d
Carol s a id ........................................................................ . in Russia fo r a year.
6 ‘1 w e n t s n o w b o a rd irg last ye a r,’ Jill said, y e a r
Jill said s h e ..................................................................... .... before.
7 ‘I’ll call you to m o rro w ,’ Karl said to m e. n e x t
Karl said he ................................................................... ....day.
8 ‘W e’re flying hom e next w e e k ,’ said A rth u r t h e
A rth u r said t h e y ............................................................ ............w eek.

R e w r i t e t h e s e n t e n c e s in r e p o r t e d s p e e c h u s m g t h e v e r b g iv e n .

1 Tm so rry I to ld everyone yo u r s e c re t,’ m y s:ste r said, a p o l o g is e d

2 ‘I d id n 't give the m oney to John,’ said AM. d e n i e d

3 Til love you fo re ve r!’ Francis said to Elizabeth, p r o m i s e d

4 ‘No, I w o n 't open the d oor!’ said Mandy. r e fu s e d

5 ‘W hy d o n 't we give Jenny a call?’ A ib e rt said, s u g g e s t e d

Unit Grammar
Reported questions, orders, requests

Q Reported questions, orders, requests SMflEHfildEkaJjfeE

Use Exam ple

To report what someone else asked/ordered/requested Pat asked me if I had tried the jeans on in the shop.

Form
Direct q u e s tio n /o r d e r /r e q u e s t Reported q u e s t io n /o r d e i/ r e q u e s t
ik
questions beginning with have, do or be
Have you been to the galleryT he asKed her. He asked her if she had been to the gallery.
Vo you want a sweater?' my mum asxed. My mum asked i f ! wanted a sweater.
Are you making a skirt?’ I asked Anne I asked Anne if she was making a skirt.

questions beginning with a mocal

Van you paint?' Mary asked her friend. Mary asked her friend if he could paint.
Will you make me one?’ I asked Terry. I asked Terry if he would make me one.
Shall I wear a jacket?' I asked Mum. I asked Mum if I should wear a jacket.
May I borrow your coat?' Mr Jones askeo me. Mr Jones asked me -f he might borrow my coat.

questions beginning with a quest.on word

What kind o f shoes are in fashion now?’ my mum My mum asKed me wnat kind of shoes were in
asked me. fashion at that moment.
Who did you see at the tasnion show?’ asked Ben. Ben asKed who 1had seen at the fashion show.
Which one do you want?’ Sarah asned Liam. Sarah asked Lam wmch one he wanted.
When will they finish the house?’ i asked. 1asked when they would finish the house.
Why did you say that?’ my s.;s:er asked me. My sister asked me why 1had sa:d that.
‘How much did your hat cost?' Ed asKed Carl. Ed asked Carl how much his hat had cost

orders
‘Put your clothes in the d ra w e rM u m sa,d. Mum told me to put my clothes in the drawer.
‘Don't wear the red one,’ Alice said. Alice told me not to wear the red one.

requests
Will you make me one?’ i asnea Ter>y. 1asked Terry to make me one.
Please don't move my pictures,' said Olga. Olga asked me not to move her pictures.

1« . . . .. . , .

We can also use whether instead of /Yin reported questions.

/ He asked her whether she had oeen to the gallery.

W atch Rememoer not to use question word order in reported questions.

OTif / 1asked when they would finish the house.
X f-asked w h e m /m rid they finish the house.
W

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 G ra m m a r

C ir c le th e c o r r e c t answer.

1 ‘Has your brother gone out?’ Mum asked me.

Mum asked me if my brother has g o n e / had g o n e out.
2 ‘Do you know the answer?' Miss Smith asked Ruby.
Miss Smith asked Ruby if she k n e w / h ad k n o w n the answer.
3 ‘Is this your car?' the police officer said to the man.
The police officer asked the man if it is / w a s his car.
4 ‘Have you been to see the exhibition?' I asked Benjamin.
I asked Benjamin if he w e n t / had b e e n to see the exhibition.
5 ‘Does your laptop need a new battery?' Jerry asked me.
Jerry asked me if my laptop n e e d e d / w i l l n e e d a new battery.
6 ‘Are you having a barbecue?' I asked the Browns.
I asked the Browns if they w e re h a v in g / had b e e n h a v in g a barbecue.

W r ite o n e w o rd in e a c h g ap ,

1 ‘Will you be at the party?' Richard asked me.

Richard asked me if I ............................................ be at the party.
2 ‘May I ask you a few questions?' the woman asked Ted.
The woman asked Ted if s h e ............................................ ask him a few questions.
3 ‘Can we go to the zoo tomorrow?' Jane asked her father.
Jane asked her father if th e y ............................................ go to the zoo the following day.
4 ‘Shall I study maths or English?' Sally asked her best friend.
Sally asked her best friend whether s h e ............................................ study maths or English.
5 ‘Can you write with your left hand?' Val asked me.
Val asked me whether I ............................................ write with my left hand.
6 ‘Shall we play tennis or volleyball?' Debbie asked her sister.
Debbie asked her sister if th e y ............................................ play tennis or volleyball.
7 ‘May I leave the table?' Samantha asked her parents.
Samantha asked her parents if s h e ............................................ leave the table.
8 ‘Will our bus leave on time?' Mum asked the driver.
Mum asked the driver whether our b u s ............................................ leave on time.

C o m p le te each s e c o n d s e n te n c e so th a t it has a s im ila r m e a n in g to th e fir s t

s e n te n c e . W r ite b e tw e e n tw o and five w o rd s .

1 ‘When did your brother join the army?' Rudy askeclm e.

Rudy asked m e .....................................................................the army.
2 ‘How was your trip to Turkey?' I asked Katherine.
I asked Katherine h o w .................................................................... been.
3 ‘How will we find your keys in the dark?' Ashley asked Susie.
Ashley asked S u s ie .....................................................................keys in the dark.
4 ‘Why was Rob on TV?' Denise asked me.
Denise asked m e .....................................................................on TV.
5 ‘Who saw you at the park?' the police officer asked me.
The police officer asked m e .....................................................................at the park.
6 ‘Who did you see at the park?' the police officer asked me.
The police officer asked m e .....................................................................at the park.
 Reported questions, orders, requests J n it 3 2

Look at the pictures and com plete the sentences.

Tidy your
Listen carefully. Push harder,
Stop following me. v Jenny! „

1 My mum to ld ............................................................. 4 The p a rro t.........

2 I ................................................................................... 5 Jenny's grandma
3 The m a n ..................................................................... 6 The m agician....

Choose the correct answer.

1 ‘Could you pass me the salt, please?' I asked the man next to me.
I asked the man next to m e ..................... me the salt.
A pass B if he passes C to pass
2 ‘Would you mind waiting a moment?' the shop assistant asked the woman.
The shop assistant asked the w om an..................... for a moment.
A to wait B waiting C she wait
3 ‘Please don’t leave your duty football boots in the hall,' Mum said to Doug.
Mum toid D oug................. . his dirty football boots in the hall.
A that he doesn't leave B not to leave C don't leave
4 ‘Could you tell us where you were at six o'clock?’ the police officers asked Barry
The police officers askecJ B arry......................he had been at six o'clock.
A telling them where B where he tells them C to tell them where
5 ‘Could I have your e-mail address?' I asked Marieila.
I asked Marieila..................... e-mail address.
A to give me her B give me your C give me her
6 ‘Can I have a new Xbox for my birthday?' I asked my mum.
I asked my m um ..................... a new Xbox.
A that she get me B get me C to get me

If the word or phrase in bold is correet, put a tick ( / ) „ If it is wrong, w rite the
correct word or phrase.

1 I asked Toni why had she taken my CD without asking me. ...........................
2 Roger tola Isabelle don’t m ake any plans for the weekend. ...........................
3 Madison asked me how much my new jeans had cost
4 Alexander asked his Gad giving him some money for his school trip ...............................
5 i told Jeremy you d o n ’t move while I took his photograph. ...........................
6 Annie told her dog to sit, but it didn't. ...........................

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Unit Vocabulary
Creating and building

~j Topic v o c a b u la r v ^ ^ ^ ^ H see page 196 for definitions

ancient (adj) maintain (v) sleeve (n)

checked (adj) match (v) smooth (adj)
cotton (n) material (n) stretch (v)
create (v) notice (v, n) striped (adj)
design (v, n) pattern (n) style (n)
fix (v) pile (n) suit (v, n)
fold (v) practical (adj) suitable (adj)
gallery (n) rough (adj) tear (v, n)
improvement (n) shape (n) tight (adj)
loose (adj) silk (n) tool (n)

Phrasal verbs D Prepositional phrase

cut off completely remove by cutting at the back (of)
do up button/zip up a piece of clothing at the end (of)
fill up make sth completely full in fashion/style
have on wear (a piece of clothing) in front (of)
leave out not include in the corner (of)
put on start wearing (a piece of clothing) out of fashion/style
. ...................... ..................— -—,— ,
take off remove (a piece of clothing)
try on put on (a piece of clothing) to see how it looks and if it fits

D Word formation
art artist, artistic hand handful, handle
break broke, broken, (un)breakable imagine imagination, imaginative
compose composition, composer intelligent intelligence
exhibit exhibition perfect perfection, imperfect
free freedom prepare preparation

D Word patterns
adjectives amazed at/by describe sth as
disappointed with explain sth to
familiar with remind sb of
involved in remove sth from
similar to nouns an influence on
verbs change sth (from sth) into a picture of
.......................... ................ ---------jsrsr.S