Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*7782297934*

CHEMISTRY (US) 0439/31

Paper 3 Theory (Core) October/November 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Center number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

IB16 11_0439_31/RP
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1 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

H
Li B C N O F Ne
Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Cu Zn Br Kr

Answer the following questions using only the elements in the diagram.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Which element

(i) has a smaller proton number than lithium,

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) is formed at the cathode when a dilute solution of sulfuric acid is electrolyzed,

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) has an oxide of the type XO2 which is used to bleach wood pulp,

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) forms ions which when tested with excess aqueous sodium hydroxide produce a white
precipitate,

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) is extracted from bauxite?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Mercury has several naturally-occurring isotopes. One of these is shown.

204
80 Hg

(i) What is the meaning of the term isotope?

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
204
(ii) How many neutrons are there in one atom of the isotope 80 Hg ?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
204
(iii) How many protons are there in one atom of the isotope 80 Hg ?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Determine the number of electrons in the mercury(II) ion, Hg2+.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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2 The bar charts compare the concentrations of the main ions in two samples of seawater, sample A
and sample B.

sample A sample B
20 20

15 15
concentration

concentration
in mg / dm3

in mg / dm3
10 10

5 5

0 0
Na+ Ca2+ K+ Mg2+ SiO32– Cl – HCO3– Na+ Ca2+ K+ Mg2+ SiO32– Cl – HCO3–

(a) Use the information in the bar charts to answer the following questions.

(i) Describe two differences in the composition of the seawater in sample A and sample B.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Which positive ion has the lowest concentration in sample A?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the mass of sodium ions in 200 cm3 of sample B.

Show all your working. [1 dm3 = 1000 cm3]

mass = ...................... mg [2]

(b) Describe a test for sodium ions.

test . ............................................................................................................................................

result . .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) River water contains small particles of clay. When these particles are viewed under a microscope
they show a random, jumpy motion even when the water is still.

What name is given to this type of movement?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form a mixture which contains hydrogencarbonate ions
and hydrogen ions.

CO2(g) + H2O(l) HCO3–(aq) + H+(aq)

(i) What is the meaning of the symbol ?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The solution formed is slightly acidic.

Describe how you would use Universal Indicator paper to determine the pH of this solution.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which causes climate change.

Explain how carbon dioxide contributes to climate change.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the name of one other greenhouse gas and give one source of this gas.

gas . .....................................................................................................................................

source . ................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 14]

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3 Calcium is in Group II of the Periodic Table.

(a) Draw a diagram to show the electronic structure of an atom of calcium.

[2]

(b) Calcium is manufactured by the electrolysis of molten calcium chloride.

Complete the boxes in the diagram to show the

• anode,
• cathode,
• electrolyte.

calcium
forming
+

[2]

(c) Calcium reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and a gas which ‘pops’ with a lighted
splint.

Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

Ca + .......H2O → Ca(OH)2 + ...............

[2]

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(d) Describe the manufacture and uses of lime (calcium oxide).

Include at least one relevant word equation relating to the manufacture or use of lime.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 10]

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4 A porous pot has tiny holes in its walls which allow gases to move in or out of the pot.
A teacher filled a porous pot with green chlorine gas. The teacher then placed the pot in a large jar
of air. After 10 minutes, a green color was seen outside the porous pot.

air

porous
chlorine pot
gas

at the start after 10 minutes

(a) Use the kinetic particle model of matter to explain this observation.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) A porous barrier can be used to separate uranium fluoride molecules containing different
isotopes of uranium.

(i) State the main use of the radioactive isotope 235U.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) The accurate relative atomic mass of uranium is 238.03.

Define the term relative atomic mass.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) Chlorine reacts with potassium bromide to form bromine and potassium chloride.

(i) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

............... + 2KBr → Br2 + .......KCl

[2]

(ii) Give one use of chlorine.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Chlorine forms an oxide with the formula Cl 2O7.

Is this oxide an acidic or a basic oxide?

Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) A teacher heated a test-tube containing anhydrous copper(II) chloride. A piece of damp
litmus paper was placed at the top of the test-tube.

litmus paper

anhydrous copper(II) chloride

heat

The anhydrous copper(II) chloride decomposed and chlorine was formed.

Describe the color change of the litmus paper.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]

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5 The table shows the properties of some steels.

percentage of relative melting point

steel ease of corrosion
carbon in the steel strength range / °C
A 1.0 8.0 1430–1460 corrodes easily
B 0.50 6.5 1430–1450 corrodes fairly easily
C 0.25 5.0 1410–1430 corrodes fairly easily
D 0.10 4.0 1440–1450 resistant to corrosion

(a) Use the information in the table to answer the following questions.

(i) What is the relationship between the percentage of carbon in the steel and its strength?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State whether there is a relationship between the percentage of carbon in the steel and its
melting point range.
Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Which steel would be best to use for making a bicycle chain?
Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Steel is an alloy.

Which one of the diagrams best represents an alloy?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

Cr Fe Fe Fe Ni Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni
Fe Fe Cr Fe Ni Ni Ni Ni Fe Fe Fe Fe Ni Ni Ni Ni
Fe Fe Fe Fe Ni Cr Cr Cr Cr Cr Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni
Fe Ni Fe Cr Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Ni Ni Ni Ni

A B C D
[1]

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(c) High voltage electricity cables are made from aluminum with a steel core.

(i) Apart from conducting electricity, what is the purpose of the steel core?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Aluminum is a good electrical conductor.

Give one other use of aluminum and state a property of aluminum which makes it suitable
for this use.

use . .....................................................................................................................................

property ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Aluminum powder reacts with powdered iron(III) oxide. The equation for this reaction is shown.

2Al + Fe2O3 → Al 2O3 + 2Fe

(i) Which substance is oxidized in this reaction?

Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The energy level diagram for this reaction is shown.

2Al + Fe2O3

energy
Al 2O3 + 2Fe

Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?

Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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6 (a) Describe the characteristic properties of acids.

In your answer you should refer to the reactions of acids with metals, bases, carbonates and
indicators.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [5]

(b) The table shows some properties of the first five members of the carboxylic acid homologous
series.

molecular melting point boiling point density

acid
formula / °C / °C in g / cm3
methanoic acid CH2O2 8 101 1.22
ethanoic acid C2H4O2 17 118 1.05
propanoic acid C3H6O2 –21 141 0.99
butanoic acid C4H8O2 –5 164 0.96
pentanoic acid C5H10O2 –34 0.93

(i) How does the density of the carboxylic acids vary with the number of carbon atoms in the
molecule?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest a value for the boiling point of pentanoic acid.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Determine the state of ethanoic acid at 15 °C.

Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(iv) Draw the structure of the functional group present in carboxylic acids.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

(v) Calculate the relative molecular mass of butanoic acid.

Show all your working.

[2]

(c) Identify the following as either physical changes or chemical changes by writing either ‘physical’
or ‘chemical’ in the spaces provided.

The condensation of ethanoic acid vapor to liquid ethanoic acid is a ......................... change.

The reaction of sodium with ethanoic acid is a ......................... change.

The dissolving of a salt in water is a ......................... change.

[2]

[Total: 14]

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7 The diagram shows the changes of state when sulfur is heated.

solid A liquid B sulfur

sulfur sulfur vapor

(a) Give the names of the changes of state labeled A and B.

A .................................................................................................................................................

B .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in sulfur vapor.

arrangement ...............................................................................................................................

motion . .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Give one use of sulfur.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Some compounds of sulfur are found in coal.

Explain why the presence of sulfur in coal has an adverse effect on human health when the
coal is burnt.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(e) One of the compounds of sulfur in coal is thiophene.

The structure of thiophene is shown.

H H

C C

C C
H H
S

(i) Determine the formula of thiophene.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Thiophene can be made in the laboratory by heating ethyne, C2H2, with hydrogen sulfide,
H2S, in the presence of a catalyst.

What is the purpose of the catalyst?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) When 2.6 g of ethyne react with excess hydrogen sulfide, 4.2 g of thiophene are formed.

Calculate the mass of thiophene formed when 15.6 g of ethyne react with excess hydrogen
sulfide.

[1]

[Total: 10]

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© UCLES 2016 0439/31/O/N/16

 The Periodic Table of Elements

© UCLES 2016
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

0439/31/O/N/16
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
cesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)