PREPOSITION

by Mutiah Mutiara Firdaus

A preposition is a word governing and usually coming in front
of a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another
word or element.
Example: She left before breakfast.

Rules:
A preposition is followed by a ‘noun’.
Subject + verb + preposition + ‘noun’
Example : He lives in Ethiopia
 A preposition cannot be followed by a verb.
If we want to follow a preposition by a verb, we must use the
“ing” form which is really a gerund or verb in noun form.

Example: I ate before coming.

 Preposition of time
What is a preposition of time?
It allows you to discuss a specific time period such as:
1) a date on the calendar,
2) one of the days of the week, or
3) the actual time something takes place.

Note: Preposition of time are the same words as prepositions of

place, however they are used in a different way.
 Preposition of time
Example:
1) At: this preposition of time is used to discuss clock times,
holidays and festivals, and other very specific time frames
including exceptions, such as “at night”.

2) In: this preposition of time is used to discuss months, seasons,

years, centuries, general times of day, and longer periods of
time such as “in the past”.

3) On: this preposition of time is used to discuss certain days of

the week or portions of days of the week, specific dates, and
special days such as “on New Year’s Day.”
 AT-ON-IN
Preposition of time
Preposition time and place
 Exercise
preposition of time

1) My uncle has a new job. He works ________ the evening.

2) We’re going to have a picnic ________ Saturday afternoon.
Would you like to come?
3) I’ll be finished my work _____ an hour. Then, I can go home.
4) I’ll be finished my work _____ an hour. Then, I can go home.
5) I like to get up really early, _____ sunrise, when the birds
start to sing.
 Exercise
preposition of place

1) The police car came first. The president was in the car ___ it.
2) You can sit __________ that chair. Nobody is sitting there.
3) You’ll have to turn round to see it. It’s __________ you.
4) The dead man was lying __________ the ground.
5) The wine is ______ the bottle.
 Discover the world of
Adverbs
Adverbs are powerful modifiers that add detail to verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs.
 What are Adverbs?
Adverbs describe how an action is done, they can
describe when, where, how, how often and to what
degree the action is performed.

Place Adverbs Degree Adverbs

Manner Adverbs Time Adverbs These describe These describe to
These describe These describe where something what extent
how something is when something happens. Example: something
done. Example: He happens. Example: He is waiting happens. Example:
walks slowly. She ran yesterday. outside. She sings
beautifully.
 The Types of Adverbs
Adverbs have different forms and functions, including comparative and
superlative forms, interrogative and relative adverbs.
Comparative & Interrogative
Superlative Adverbs Relative Adverbs
Use relative
Adverbs
Use interrogative adverbs to
Use comparative adverbs to ask introduce a relative
adverbs to compare questions. Example: clause. Example:
two actions, How did you do that? This is the place
superlative adverbs to
where we met.
compare three or
more actions.
Using adverbs in sentences
Adverbs of manner

1) He sings beautifully.
2) My sister dances beautifully.
3) Tom can speak English and Spanish fluently.
4) My brother runs so fast.
5) Bobi ran quickly and won the race.
Using adverbs in sentences
Adverbs of time

1) I have to go home now.

2) Listen to me! this is our best time to be a winner. Don’t give up!
3) Don’t worry, Hanni, he will talk to you later.
4) I’ll have to meet the doctor this afternoon, please remind me.
5) My father comes to my school today.
Using adverbs in sentences
Adverbs of degree

1) I felt incredibly lucky to have such a kind and toughtful parents.

2) The teacher strongly recommended that we study together for
the exam.
3) I thoroughly understand if you want to take a day off because
of your situation.
4) The hall was largely occupied by all the new students.
5) This homework seems to be very difficult.
 Exercise
1. Erika is smart student. She does the English test so ...
(a) wrongly (b) easily (c) hardly

2. Lukas is late for school, he runs ... to the school gate.

(a) quickly (b) wrongly (c) fully

3. Robert drinks his medicine ... three times a day.

(a) quickly (b) regularly (c) loudly

4. My cat sits ... top of the sofa.

(a) on (b) beside (c) down
 TALKING ABOUT
THE FUTURE
Present Continuous, Present simple, and Will
Hi Tom, what are you doing this weekend?

I am visiting my sister in London. The train leaves in a few minutes.

I will text you when I get there.

Ok. Have a great time!

 Kamu dapat menggunakan present continuous
tense untuk membicarakan rencana yang sudah
pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

The Present Continuous

The present continuous

+ Subject + be (am/are/is) + verb1 -ing +

complement.

E
I am getting the train to London this afternoon.
We are going to that restaurant tonight.
The present continuous

- Subject + be (am/are/is) + not + verb1 -ing

+ complement.

E
Lisa is not visiting her mom in Seoul tonight.
My wife is not cooking this afternoon
The present continuous

? Be (am/is/are) + subject + verb1 -ing +

complement?

E
Are we going to the party tonight?
Are they traveling to Europe next summer?
The present simple
The present simple is used to refer to events in the future which
are certain because they are facts, or because there is a clear
or fixed schedule or timetable

Example:
The train leaves in a few minutes.
My holiday starts on Monday.
When do your exams finish?
The present simple

+ Subject+V1(+s/es)+Object

E
Her birthday falls on a Friday next month.
Hani goes to Ancol tomorrow morning.
The present simple

- Subject+ Do/Does+Not+V1+Object

E
She does not play the guitar tonight.
I do not cook this afternoon
The present simple

? Do/Does+Subject+V1+?

E
Does she like eating out next weekend?
When do your exams finish?
 Will
Situasi yang dapat membuat kita menggunakan kata “Will” :

1 When you promise or offer to do something in the future

ex: I will text you when I get there.
2 When you are sure about something in the future.
ex: She is working late tonight. She will be home after 7 a.m.

Will selalu diikuti v1 karena will membicarakan masa depan/ hal

yang akan terjadi.
 Will

+ Subject + Will + V1 + Object

E
I will see you next week.
They’ll be here at 6 p.m.
 Will

- Subject + will +n ot + V1 + Object

E
She will not be here until this evening.
Jaya won’t join us in the meeting
 Will

? Will + Subject + V1 + Object

E
Will you call me when you get there?
Will you come to the party?
 EXERCISE
Write the present continuous form of the verb in brackets to
complete each sentence, as shown:

1) Next weekend we _____ (visit) my sister in Brisbane.

2) I _____ (see) Rachel on saturday.
3) Jane and I _____ (go out) tonight.
4) Martha _____ (swim) this afternoon.
5) We _____ (have) a Halloween Party on Saturday.
 EXERCISE
is are does will be am
1) what time _____ you be back tonight?
2) what time _____ your train leave?
3) he won’t _____ home before tonight
4) I ______ seeing Guy and Miranda tonight
5) what _____you doing this summer?
6) where exactly in Germany ____ Liz staying?
 EXERCISE
Choose the correct word, as shown:
1) what time does/ is ypur bus leave?
2) I’m see/ seeing Paolo tonight.
3) The last train leaves/ leaving King’s Cross at midnight.
4) Are you doing/ do anything pleasant tonight?
5) I won’t being/ be back till after 11.00
PRESENT PERFECT
Definition of
Present Perfect
The present perfect tense is a verb form
used to express actions or experiences that
occurred in the past but have relevance to
the present moment.
Uses of the present perfect
1) to talk about something that happened in the past but that is
still important in the present:
Sophie : What’s the matter, Ann?
Ann : I have lost my purse.

2) to describe something that started in the past and is still

happening now:
A : Do you know this part of town?
B : Yes, I’ve lived here for ten years.
3) With ‘ever’ to ask questions to find out things that people
have done
A: Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
B: Yes, many times.

4) with ‘yet’ and ‘already’

Have you done your homework yet?
Don’t tell me what happens at the end of the film. I haven’t
seen it yet.
We don’t need any more milk. I have already bought some.
Remember!
Already -> positive sentences
Yet -> negative sentences & questions
5) With ‘for’ (for a period of time) or since (from a point in time)
I have lived in Paris since 2010.
(2010 > moved to Paris, now > still living in Paris)

He has worked there for three months.

[July > started work, now (oct) still working there]

She has been a fan since she saw them in concert.

(2012 > saw them in concert, now > still a fan
6) Present perfect with been and gone.
Sam has gone to the shops to buy a newspaper. He will be back
in a few minutes.
This means that Sam is still at the shops.

Julia has been to the shops so we have got enough food for
dinner.
This means that Julia has gone to the shops and come back.
Forming
the Present Perfect
Kalimat positif
Subject + has/have + verb 3 + object + other words

Kalimat negatif
Subject + has not/have not + verb 3 + object + other words

Kalimat interogatif
Has/have + subject + verb 3 + object + other words + ?
Question word + has/have + subject + verb 3 + object + other words +?
Verb berakhiran e menjadi ed. Ex: used, divided, arrived
Verb berakhiran y menjadi ied. Ex: tried, fried, dried
Verb berakhiran y yang tetap menjadi ed. Ex: destroyed, enjoyed, played
Verb berakhiran konsonan menjadi double konsonan.
Ex: stopped, cancelled, travelled
 Exercise
1) My brother and Dika _____ round the park many times but they've
never seen the lamp.
(a) has walked (b) have walked (c) has walking (d) are walking

2) Anita _____ some application letters to the company but they never
call her.
(a) has send (b) has sent (c) have sent (d) have send

3) The police ____ us many times about the area since somebody fell
from the cliff.
(a) has told (b) has tell (c) have telling (d) are told