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APRIL 2023 REVIEW PROGRAM

CIVIL ENGINEERING LICENSURE EXAM

APPLIED MATH, SURVEYING, TRANSPORTATION & HIGHWAY ENG’G, CONSTRUCTION MGT.

Tuesday, December 13, 2022 Module 12

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item
by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES
ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only. NOTE: WHENEVER YOU CAN ENCOUNTER A CARET (^) SIGN, IT MEANS EXPONENTIATION.

QUEUE LENGTHS AND TIME DELAYS DUE TO ACCIDENTS Situation – From the following data of a freeway
surveillance, there are 5 vehicles under observation
Situation – An incident occurs on a freeway that has and the following distances are the distance each
a capacity in the northbound direction, before the vehicle had traveled when observed every 2 sec.
incident, of 4000 veh/h and a constant flow of 2900 Vehicles Distance (S)
veh/h during the morning commute (no adjustments to 1 24.4 m
traffic flow result from the incident). At 8.00 A.M. 2 25.8 m
A traffic accident closes the freeway to all 3 24.7 m
traffic. At 8:12 A.M. the freeway is partially 4 26.9 m
opened with a capacity of 2000 veh/h. Finally, the 5 22.9 m
wreckage is removed, and the freeway is restored to
full capacity (4000 veh/h) at 8:31 A.M. Assume D/D/1 10. Determine the time mean speed of the vehicles.
queuing to determine time of queue dissipation, A. 44.98 kph B. 45.25 kph
longest queue length, total delay, average delay per C. 45.81 kph D. 44.76 kph
vehicle, and longest wait of any vehicle (assuming
FIFO). 11. Determine the space mean speed of the vehicles.
A. 44.98 kph B. 45.25 kph
1. Determine the time that the queue will C. 45.81 kph D. 44.76 kph
dissipate.
A. 78.16 mins B. 43.26 mins Situation – Two platoons of cars are timed over a
C. 56.32 mins D. 62.21 mins distance of 0.5km. Their flows are recorded. The
first group is timed at 40 seconds, with the flow at
2. Determine the longest queue. 1350 vehicles per hour. The second group take 45
A. 654 veh B. 865 veh seconds, with a flow of 1800 vehicles per hour.
C. 435 veh D. 762 veh
12. Determine the free flow speed in kph.
3. Determine the total vehicle delay. A. 50 B. 55
A. 14,957.31 veh-min B. 23,526 veh-min C. 60 D. 65
C. 37,624.20 veh-min D. 41,235 veh-min
13. Determine the jam density in veh/km.
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS A. 155 B. 165
4. A portion of the South Luzon Expressway is known C. 175 D. 185
to have a free-flow speed of 60 kph and a
capacity of 3600 vehicles per hour. If in a 14. Determine the maximum flow of the traffic stream
given hour, 3344 vehicles were counted at a in veh/hr.
specified point along this highway, compute the A. 2682.75 B. 2286.75
space mean speed of these 3344 vehicles. C. 2268.75 D. 2826.75
A. 22 & 38 kph B. 25 & 40 kph
C. 20 & 35 kph D. 21 & 37 kph QUEUING THEORY

5. The rate of flow at a point in the highway is Scheduled maintenance will close three of the four
1200 vehicles/hour. Find the space mean speed if westbound lanes of a freeway during one weekday from
the density of traffic is 25 vehicles per mile. the period of 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM. The demand on the
A. 42 mph B. 45 mph two lanes are as follows:
C. 48 mph D. 52 mph
TIME Demand (Veh/hour)
6. Compute the rate of flow in vehicles per hour if 9- 10 AM 5000
the space mean speed is 30 mph and the density 10-11 AM 4500
is 14 vehicles per km. 11- 12 Noon 4500
A. 675.92 B. 625.34 12-1 PM 1000
C. 651.25 D. 693.63 1-2 PM 1000
2-3 PM 2000
Situation – Two sets of students are collecting 3-4 PM 2000
traffic data at the two sections A and B 200 m apart
along a highway. Observation at A shows that 5 If the capacity of the road is 3000 veh/hr,
vehicles pass that section at intervals of 8.18 s,
9.09 s, 10.23 s, 11.68 s, and 13.64 s, respectively. 15. Compute the maximum queue.
If the speeds of the vehicles were 80, 72, 64, 56, A. 3500 B. 4000
and 48 kph, compute the following: C. 2500 D. 4500

7. Density of traffic in vehicles per km. Situation – Vehicles arrive at an entrance to a

A. 15 vehicles/km B. 20 vehicles/km recreational park. There is a single gate (at which
C. 25 vehicles/km D. 30 vehicles/km all vehicles must stop), where a park attendant
distributes a free brochure. The park opens at 8:00
8. Time mean speed in kph. A.M., at which time vehicles begin to arrive at a
A. 60 B. 62 rate of 480 veh/h. After 20 minutes the arrival flow
C. 64 D. 66 rate declines to 120 veh/h, and it continues at that
level for the remainder of the day. If the time
9. Space mean speed in kph. required to distribute the brochure is 15 seconds,
A. 68.16 B. 65.21 and assuming D/D/1 queuing.
C. 71.22 D. 62.39
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16. Determine the length of queue at 8:10 AM. 27. Determine the time that the queue will clear up.
A. 20 veh B. 50 veh A. 7:15 AM B. 7:45 AM
C. 30 veh D. 40 veh C. 7:30 AM D. 8:00 AM

17. Determine the longest vehicle delay in minutes. Situation – Scheduled maintenance will close two of
A. 10 B. 20 the four westbound lanes of a freeway during one
C. 30 D. 40 weekday from the period of 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM. The
demand on the two lanes are as follows:
18. Determine the time that the queue will
dissipate. TIME Demand (Veh/hour)
A. 8:30 AM B. 9:00 AM 9- 10 AM 4000
C. 9:30 AM D. 10:00 AM 10-11 AM 3500
11-12 Noon 2500
Situation – Consider the entrance to the 12-1 PM 2000
recreational park described in the previous example. 4-2 PM 2000
However, let the average arrival rate be 180 veh/h 2-3 PM 2000
and Poisson distributed (exponential times between 3-4 PM 2000
arrivals) over the entire period from park opening
time (8:00 A.M.) until closing at dusk. Determine If the capacity of the road is 2960 veh/hr,
the following:
28. Compute the time when the queue occurs.
19. Average length of queue. A. 9 AM B. 10 AM
A. 1.125 veh B. 1.525 veh C. 11 AM D. 1 PM
C. 1.325 veh D. 1.725 veh
29. Compute the maximum queue.
20. Waiting time in the queue. A. 1580 veh B. 1850 veh
A. 20.5 s B. 21.5 s C. 1805 veh D. 1085 veh
C. 22.5 s D. 23.5 s
30. Compute the maximum queue length in meters if
21. Average time spent in queue. one car is assumed to be 5 m long.
A. 25.7 s B. 28.7 s A. 3550 m B. 3590 m
C. 35.5 s D. 37.5 s C. 3920 m D. 3950 m

Situation – Assume that the park attendant in the Situation – A traffic accident occurred along the
previous examples takes an average of 15 seconds to North Diversion Road at 6:00 AM. The flowrate on the
distribute brochures, but the distribution time expressway at this time of day was 46 veh/min. The
varies depending on whether park patrons have normal freeway capacity is 65 veh/min but it was
questions relating to park operating policies. Given reduced to 24 veh/min due to a traffic accident. The
an average arrival rate of 180 veh/h, compute the traffic was cleared by the MMDA after 20 minutes.
following:
31. Determine the max. length of queue before the
22. Average length in queue. blockage was removed.
A. 2.00 veh B. 2.25 veh A. 480 veh B. 440 veh
C. 2.50 veh D. 2.75 veh C. 980 veh D. 360 veh

23. Average waiting time in queue. 32. Determine the time that the vehicles waited for
A. 15 s B. 30 s the long queue before the blockage was removed.
C. 45 s D. 60 s A. 9.56 min B. 20 min
C. 26.31 min D. 10.44 min
24. Average time spent in the system.
A. 15 s B. 30 s 33. How many minutes after 6 AM was the queue
C. 45 s D. 60 s cleared?
A. 45.26 min B. 31.14 min
Situation – A ramp meter operates during the morning C. 53.21 min D. 42.85 min
peak period. Ramp meter cycles vary with time as
shown in the table below. The metering scheme allows ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
one vehicle per cycle to pass the signal. The table
below gives the number of vehicles demanding service 34. The number of accidents for 6 years recorded in
ramp during particular time intervals, the a certain section of a highway is 5,892. If the
cumulative ramp for morning peak, and the ramp meter average daily traffic is 476, what is the
cycle for each interval. accident rate per million entering vehicles?
A. 5256 B. 5526
Time Period 15-min Cumulative Meter C. 5625 D. 5652
Volume Volume cycle
(s/veh) 35. The number of accidents for 5 years recorded in
6:30-6:45 AM 75 75 6 a certain section of a highway is 5,432. If the
6:45-7:00 AM 100 175 10 average daily traffic is 476, determine the
7:00-7:15 AM 125 300 12 accident rate per million entering vehicles.
A. 5211 B. 5121
7:15-7:30 AM 110 410 12 C. 5112 D. 5122
7:30-7:45 AM 80 490 10
7:45-8:00 AM 65 555 6 36. Data on a traffic accident recorded on a certain
intersection for the past 5 years has an
accident rate of 4160 per million entering
25. Determine the service rate for meter cycle 12, vehicles (ARMV). If the average daily traffic
10 and 6. entering the intersection is 504, find the total
A. 75, 90, 150 B. 70, 85, 120 number of accidents during the 5 year period.
C. 80, 90, 135 D. 75, 85, 150 A. 3268 B. 3628
C. 3826 D. 3286
26. Determine the queue length at 7:30 AM.
A. 95 veh B. 97 veh
C. 93 veh D. 99 veh
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37. The accident rates for 100 million vehicle miles 45. Determine the maximum speed in kph that a car
of travel caused by people attempting to pass a could move around a 4 degree curve if the
heavily traffic 2 lane rural highway is 6.0. The centrifugal ratio is 0.12. Neglect friction
length of the road is 10 miles with an ADT of between the tires and the pavement.
36000. Determine the estimated yearly reduction A. 66.11 kph B. 71.66 kph
in total crashes if the crash reduction factor C. 54.12 kph D. 80.66 kph
is 0.25.
A. 2 crashes B. 3 crashes 46. A two lane road has a horizontal curve having a
C. 4 crashes D. 5 crashes degree of curve 2.5 degrees. What should be the
rate of the superelevation to be actually
SEVERITY RATIO provided for practical considerations for fixed
traffic if the design speed is 80 kph. Neglect
38. Data on a traffic accident recorded for the past coefficient of lateral friction.
5 years on a certain stretch of a two-lane A. 0.0062 m/m B. 0.0084 m/m
highway is tabulated as follows. C. 0.0052 m/m D. 0.0072 m/m

Year Property Damage Injury Fatal 47. In a design of a highway curve for a maximum of
2010 110 42 4 0.10 m/m, compute the maximum permissible degree
2011 210 54 2 of curve for a design speed of 110 kph. Assume
2012 182 60 5 the design coefficient of side friction is 0.15.
2013 240 74 7 A. 3⁰ B. 5⁰
2014 175 94 6 C. 2⁰ D. 3⁰

Determine the severity ratio for the given 48. The degree of curve of a simple curve is 5⁰ .
accident record. Compute the desired superelevation require if
A. 0.275 B. 0.255 the design speed of a car passing thru the curve
C. 0.225 D. 0.245 is 80kph and the skid resistance is equal to
0.12
39. The average that the toll guy gives the change A. 0.10m/m B. 0.14m/m
is 20 sec. But this depends if the driver is a C. 0.19m/m D. 0.18m/m
beautiful girl. Given an average arrival rate of
150 veh/h arriving at an exponential rate, 49. Vehicle performance is being tested on a large
determine the average length in queue. flat paved area. For this situation, what
A. 5 veh B. 6 veh coefficient of side friction must be developed
C. 7 veh D. 4 veh to hold a car going 90 kph on a radius of 300 m?
A. 0.21 B. 0.15
40. Data on a traffic accident recorded for the past C. 0.12 D. 0.32
5 years on a certain stretch of a two-lane
highway is tabulated as follows. 50. The horizontal circular curve has a degree of
3.5⁰ . If the max speed of the car passing thru
Year Property Damage Injury Fatal the curve is 75kph, compute the skid resistance
2014 116 23 5 of the tires if no super elevation is provided
2015 212 54 2 by the curve.
2016 188 61 7 A. 0.14 B. 0.18
2017 212 77 8 C. 0.25 D. 0.36
2018 185 72 10
51. Compute the difference in radius of horizontal
Determine the severity ratio. curves with a ruling design speed of 100kph and
A. 0.259 B. 0.474 a minimum design speed of 84kph. Assume
C. 0.754 D. 0.573 superelevation and coefficient of friction for
both curves to be equal, e = 0.07 and f = 0.15
HORIZONTAL CURVES respectively.
41. A highway curve has a super elevation of 7º. A. 105.37m B. 36.82
Find the radius of the curve so that there will C. 96.42m D. 80.44
be no lateral pressure between the tires and the
roadway at a speed of 40 mph? 52. The max superelevation allowed by the DPWH is
A. 265.71 m B. 257.32 m 0.07 and the safe limit of transverse
C. 212.33 m D. 276.45 m coefficient of friction 0.15. If the design
speed of a certain highway is 85 kph, calculate
42. A railway curve having a radius of 420 m has a the superelevation needed to maintain this speed
distance between their rails of 1.5 m and the and if it is exceeded, what would be the maximum
outer rail is 15 cm higher than the inner rail. allowable speed on the horizontal curve which
Find the maximum speed that a train could move has a fixed radius of 200m.
along this curve so that there will be no A. 74.75 kph B. 75.62 kph
lateral pressure on the wheels and the rails. C. 71.62 kph D. 70.42 kph
A. 65.20 kph B. 75.30 kph
C. 69.60 kph D. 73.70 kph 53. A highway curve having a radius of 400 ft. Is
banked so that there will be no lateral pressure
43. Compute the impact factor for a horizontal curve on the car’s wheel at a speed of 48 kph. What is
radius of 400 m if the design speed is 120 kph. the angle of elevation of the embankment?
A. 0.176 B. 0.283 A. 8.45⁰ B. 9.53⁰
C. 0.242 D. 0.311 C. 10.34⁰ D. 7.25⁰

44. A car having a gross weight of 40 kN is moving 54. The rated speed of a highway curve of 100 m
at certain speed at a given curve. What force radius is 65 kph. If the coefficient of friction
will it tend to pull the car away from the between the tires and the road is 0.60, what is
center of the curve if it has a centrifugal the maximum speed at which a car can round the
ratio of 0.30? Neglect friction between tires curve without skidding?
and pavement. A. 112.67 kph B. 321.45 kph
A. 12 kN B. 36 kN C. 217.12 kph D. 121.79 kph
C. 9 kN D. 24 kN
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55. A highway having a radius of 120 m has an angle 63. Determine the elevation of the residual water
of embankment equal to 9.31⁰ . A car has a weight level (RWL) for a gravity type if the following
of 15 kN and center of gravity is located 0.80 m data are as follows:
above the roadway. Distance between front wheels Elev. of MLLW = 0 m (datum)
is 1.2m. If friction is great enough to prevent Elev. of HWL = +1.26 m
skidding, at what speed would overturning Elev. of LWL = -0.23 m
impend?
A. 234 kph B. 126 kph A. +0.17 m B. +0.23 m
C. 535kph D. 345 kph C. +0.13 m D. +0.27 m

PAVEMENTS 64. Planned water depth is considered as follows for

a ship with a draft of 7.50 m. Assume that there
56. Compute the thickness of a flexible pavement for is a scour protection riprap layer.
a wheel load of 50 kN, if the allowable bearing
pressure on the base of the pavement is 0.15 MPa Std water depth of berth for the ship = -7.5 m
and the equivalent radius of the contact area of Design low tide = -0.35 m
the tires is equal to 165 mm.
A. 170.5 mm B. 173.4 mm Determine the design water depth.
C. 175.2 mm D. 178.3 mm A. -1.25 m B. -6.15 m
C. -7.85 m D. -9.75 m
57. What is the stiffness factor of a pavement if
its modulus of elasticity is 180 MPa and whose 65. A ship having a displacement of 20000 metric
subgrade modulus of 40 MPa? tons enters a harbor of fresh water. The ship
A. 0.605 B. 0.305 captain recorded a draft of 8.4 m while the ship
C. 0.505 D. 0.405 was still in seawater (sg = 1.03). Obtain the
draft in meters of the ship in fresh water if
TRAFFIC FLOW the horizontal section of the ship below the
water line is 3000 m3 in both instances.
58. The driver of a car travelling at a certain A. 5.562 m B. 6.325 m
speed suddenly sees an obstruction ahead and C. 7.489 m D. 8.594 m
traveled a distance of 58.3 m during the
perception time of 1.3 seconds. Determine the Situation – A cargo vessel weighing 200,000 kg is 14
car’s speed of approach in kph. m long, 8 m wide and 4.5 m deep. It will transport
A. 145.6 kph B. 152.3 kph to Cebu 20 mm diameter by 6 m long reinforcing steel
C. 161.4 kph D. 172.5 kph bars.

59. A driver travelling at 50 mph is 80 m from a 66. If a draft (submerged depth of the cargo vessel)
wall ahead. If the driver applies the brakes is to be maintained at 3 m, how many pieces of
immediately (perception time is 2 seconds) and the bars can it carry if the density of salt
begins slowing the vehicle at 10 m/s2 water equal to 1026 kg/m3 and steel weighs 7850
(decelerating), find the distance from the kg/m3?
stopping point to the wall. A. 6543 B. 9786
A. 38.66 m B. 44.72 m C. 8914 D. 10054
C. 42.51 m D. 50.14 m
67. What is the draft from the cargo vessel when one
60. A driver travelling at 50 mph sees a wall at a half of its cargo is unloaded in fresh water?
certain distance ahead. The driver applies the A. 1.57 B. 2.43 m
brakes immediately (perception time is 3 C. 2.86 D. 3.24 m
seconds) and begins slowing the vehicle at 6 m/s2
(decelerating). If the distance from the 68. If the draft of the cargo vessel in fresh water
stopping point to the wall is 12 m, how far was is equal to 2 m, determine the number of bars
the car from the wall upon perception? that it can carry.
A. 120.74 m B. 122.37 m A. 1223 B. 1623
C. 126.25 m D. 129.24 m C. 2136 D. 2597

SIGHT DISTANCE THEORY / TERMS / DEFINITIONS

61. A highway curve has a radius of 80 m and a 69. Minimum K value of vertical curves should be
length of 90 m. If the required sight distance selected on the basis of the different
is 60 m, how far off the center of the road controlling factors:
could you allow the bushes to grow? I. Sight distance is a requirement in all
A. 5.625 m B. 2.475 m situations for driver safety.
C. 3.225 m D. 4.715 m II. Appearance is generally required in low
fill and flat topography situations.
PORTS AND HARBORS III. Riding comfort is a general requirement
with specific need on approaches to a
62. A rectangular barge is 20 m long, 12 m wide and floodway where the length of depression
8 m deep. It enters the harbor of Cebu City needs to be minimized.
having a design low tide (DLT) equal to -0.30 m.
The harbor facility is protected by riprap to A. I and II only B. I and III only
prevent scouring. The weight of the barge when C. II and III only D. All of the above
empty is equal to 1000 tons. Assuming sp. gr. of
seawater to be 1.03 and that the max depth of 70. The design of overtaking lanes and climbing
water in the harbor is 6.4 m deep, determine the lanes requires the consideration of the:
maximum weight in tons that the barge can carry I. Initial diverge taper
safely based on the specifications of the Phil. II. Auxiliary lane length
Port Authority (PPA) regarding standard water III. End or merge taper
depth.
A. 385.20 tons B. 455.68 tons A. I and II only B. I and III only
C. 507.92 tons D. 615.21 tons C. II and III only D. All of the above

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71. The warrant for the use of safety barriers can 82. Signs used to guide drivers through a change in
be established considering: horizontal alignment of the road.
I. Fore slope or back slope steepness and A. Chevron Signs B. Supplementary Signs
height C. Guide Post Signs D. Crossroad Signs
II. Unforgiving hazards within the clear
zone. 83. A berth structure projecting out from the
III. Water hazards within the clear zone. shoreline.
A. Groins B. Wharf
A. I and II only B. I and III only C. Pier D. Port
C. II and III only D. All of the above
84. Delineation of the road alignment needs to be
72. Inform and advice road users of directions, considered as part of the design process to
distance, routes, the location of services, and ensure that adequate guidance is provided to
points of interests. road users. Delineation is generally provided by
A. Guide signs B. Regulatory signs the use of the following devices:
C. Warning signs D. Traffic signs
I. Pavement markings
73. What are the four types of pavement and curb II. Signs
markings? III. Guide posts
A. longitudinal, transverse, transition, IV. Reflective delineators
and stop lines V. Lighting
B. longitudinal, transverse, other lines, VI. Curb or other physical devices
and other markings
C. longitudinal, transverse, center, and A. I, II, III, IV B. I, II, III, IV, V
stop lines C. I, II, IV, V, VI D. All of the above
D. longitudinal, transverse, center, and
lane lines 85. What are some of the important properties of
queuing diagrams?
74. Types of Reflectorized Markings:
I. Retro Reflector Raised Pavement Markers I. The slope of D(t) is the departure rate;
II. Hazard markers the slope of A(t) is the arrival rate.
III. Delineators II. The departure rate cannot exceed the
service rate or capacity of the server.
A. I and II only B. I and III only It may be less.
C. II and III only D. All of the above III. Cumulative departures can never exceed
cumulative arrivals. D(t) can never be
75. Is a type of thermoplastic lane marking designed above A(t) in the queuing diagram.
to aid and provide motorist with visual, audio IV. When a queue is present, the departure
and motion warnings on the road? rate will equal the service rate. When no
A. Rumble strips B. Chevron markings queue is present, the departure rate will
C. Painted median D. Diagonal markings equal the arrival rate. The queue first
forms when the arrival rate first exceeds
76. Divided arterial highway for through traffic the service rate.
with full or partial Control of access and
generally with grade separations at major A. I, II, III B. I, III, IV
intersections. C. I, II, IV D. All of the above
A. Parkway B. Flared Highway
C. Freeway D. Expressway 86. Operating a motor vehicle on a street or highway
can be complex and demanding at times, but it
77. A general term denoting a highway primarily for can be boring at other times. These range of
through traffic, usually on a continuous route. circumstances coupled with the range of driver
A. Arterial Highway B. Reasonable Freeway capabilities presents a challenge to the highway
C. Parkway D. Avenue designer. It is helpful to begin by considering
the three essential elements such as navigation,
78. The crossing of traffic streams moving the same guidance and control which is referred to as:
general direction accomplished by merging and A. Driving task B. Auxiliary task
diverging. C. Turnout D. Flow of traffic
A. Undercrossing B. Weaving
C. Travel way D. Flared intersection 87. Signs that inform road users about the direction
and distances of destinations on the route they
79. An open water of navigable depth is called: are following or along other roads that
A. Shoal B. Skewd intersect their route.
C. Significant depth D. Fairway A. Regulatory Signs B. Guide Signs
C. Warning Signs D. Traffic Signs
80. A wave at a point where the water depth is equal
to ½ of the wavelength or greater to be 88. The ideal capacity of road in vehicles per hour
expressed in terms of the parameters of is:
significant wave. A. 1000 veh/hr B. 2000 veh/hr
A. Deep water wave C. 1500 veh/hr D. 2500 veh/hr
B. Equivalent depth water wave height
C. Highest wave 89. When train passes on curves, which have no
D. Significant wave super-elevation, it will give thrust on the:
A. Inner rail
81. Messages when painted on pavement should be B. Inner side of inner rail
limited to ___ words or less. C. Outer rail
A. 5 m B. 4 m D. Inner side of outer rail
C. 6 m D. 3 m

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90. Which is more accurate parameter of traffic

capacity: volume or density? Why?
A. Volume is more accurate: Only volume is
a function of cars in a given length of
roadway
B. Density is more accurate: Only density
is a function of cars in a given length
of roadway
C. Volume is more accurate: Only volume has
units of time
D. Density is more accurate: Only density
has units of time

91. What is the worst condition which should be

considered in relation to the design of coastal
defense works?
A. Extreme wave height
B. Combination of unusually high sea level
with severe wave action
C. Position in relation to still water
level
D. Offshore wave climate

92. It is the single most important environmental

factor in the broad field of coastal
engineering.
A. Coastal erosion B. Sea
C. Sand D. Wave

93. Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind

across the water surface. This is a process of
transferring energy from wind to water. Water
particles are moved from their position by the
wind, and then return to the original position
by gravity, which is restoring force. This waves
are called:
A. Gravity Waves B. Significant Waves
C. Equivalent Waves D. Shallow Waves

94. A structure employed to direct the flow of

current in rivers with a view to the
establishment of more favorable and fixed
channel and to prevent scour and erosion and the
carrying away of river banks.
A. dikes B. jetty
C. mole D. levee

95. Cracks in concrete pavement due to temperature

expansions can be prevented or minimized by:
A. insuring proper consistency and strength
of concrete mixture
B. proper preparation of subgrade
C. continuous pouring of concrete
D. providing expansion joints and sectional
pouring of concrete

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