21stCentury Literature

from the Philippines and

the World
Imagine having to be
under the control of
a powerful nation for
more than 300 years.
How much alike can
you be?
 Lesson 2:
Literature During Spanish
Colonization
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Learn the forms of literature that had risen during the
Spanish colonization.
2. Identify the influences in literature during the Spanish
colonization,
3. Value the leading works of literature written during the
Spanish colonization that are considered masterpieces
today.
 What forms of
literature emerged
during the Spanish
colonization?
What are the main
influences in
literature during
this time?
▪ The invasion of Spaniards started during 1565 and
ended by 1898.
▪ Literature has been greatly influenced by European
culture and Catholic religion during this period.
 A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• The first published book in the

Philippines is the Doctrina Christiana
(1590) written by Fr. Juan de Placencia
and Fr. Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and
Spanish.
 A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• Nuestra Señora del Rosario (1602) is the

second book printed in the Philippines
which is a biography of Saints, novenas,
and other pieces of information on religion.
It is written by the Dominican priest, Fr.
Francisco Blancas de San Jose.
A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• Libro de los Cuatro Postrimerias del Hombre is the first

written book in typography in 1604 also written by Fr.
Francisco Blancas de San Jose.

• The first translated novel in Tagalog published is the biblical

story, Barlaan at Josaphat (1708) by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
The original translation is in Greek.
Barlaan at Josaphat
A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon Natin

na Tola (1704) is about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ
written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen of Bataan. This is read
during Lent season in different dialects.
 A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:
• Florante at Laura (1838) is Francisco Baltazar's, more known as
Balagtas, masterpiece. This is one of the most prominent secular
poetry that is a metrical romance.

• lbong Adarna is one of the tales of chivalry based from

European stories which are sung and chanted. This is also a type
of metrical romance.
 A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• The epistolary novel, Urbana at Feliza

(1864) written by Modesto de Castro who
is hailed as the Father of Classical Prose in
Tagalog, has influenced the behavior of
the people in society.
A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• Ang mga Dalit kay Maria or the Psalms

for Mary (1865) is a collection of songs
giving praise to the Virgin Mary by Fr.
Mariano Sevilla
 A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• The works of Pedro Paterno such as his

collection of poems, Sampaguita (1880)
and his novel, Ninay (1885) which is the
first Filipino novel.
 A. The following are the earliest texts which have left a mark
in the literary map during the Spanish Colonization:

• The masterpieces of Dr. Jose Rizal, Noli

Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo
(1891) have greatly paved the way for
Filipinos to revolt against the Spanish
colonizers.
B. Notable historical figures are remembered through time for
their literary contributions that influenced society.

1. Graciano Lopez Jaena, a journalist, orator, reformist, and first

editor of La Solidaridad, has written the famous satire Fray
Botod (1874) which tells the story of a greedy, corrupt and
horrendous Spanish priest.
B. Notable historical figures are remembered through time for
their literary contributions that influenced society.

2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar has written in both Spanish and Filipino.

Some of his works are La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Ang
Paghahari ng Simbahan sa Pilipinas) and Sagot ng Espanya sa
Hibik ng Pilipinas, and other articles in La Solidaridad.
B. Notable historical figures are remembered through time for
their literary contributions that influenced society.

3. Andres Bonifacio, who is known to be the Father of the

Philippine Revolution, has made impactful works. Some of his
most prominent works are Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (1896)
and Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog.
B. Notable historical figures are remembered through time for
their literary contributions that influenced society.

4. Apolinario Mabini, also a Philippine revolutionary and the first

constitutional adviser of Katipunan, is also recognized for his
work La Revolucion Filipina or The Philippine Revolution
(1902). He also wrote on a published pamphlet the document
containing The True Decalogue (1898).
B. Notable historical figures are remembered through time for
their literary contributions that influenced society.

5. Emilio Jacinto, one of the Philippine generals in the revolution,

has a collection of essays for his fellowmen entitled Liwanag at
Dilim (1896).
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

1. Tibag
▪ It is a ritualistic performance to show the devotion to the holy
cross which was brought about by Spaniards.
▪ It means to excavate or to unearth.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

2. Sinakulo
▪ It is a dramatic performance to commemorate the life and
sufferings of Jesus Christ.
▪ The word Cenaculo means 'cenacle' where Jesus Christ
celebrated the Last Supper with his disciples.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

3. Lagaylay
▪ It is a two-hour praise to the Holy Cross manifested through
singing and dancing.
▪ It is a performance that re-enacts the finding of the Holy Cross
by St. Helena and her entourage.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

4. Panunuluyan
▪ A traditional Filipino re-enactment of Joseph and Mary's
search for a suitable place for Mary to give birth to Jesus.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

5. Salubong
▪ It is a pre-dawn meeting of two processional images, one of the
Risen Christ, and the other of a still-mourning Mary.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

6. Carillo
▪ It is part of the puppet tradition of the Philippines that dates
from the late 19th century.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

7. Zarzuela
▪ It was usually presented to royal families.
▪ According to Dr. Nicanor G. Tiongson, the Filipino zarzuela, is a
play in prose with songs and dances, containing from one to five
acts, portraying Filipino types and situations within the framework
of a love story, and incorporating contemporary issues.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

8. Sainete
▪ It is a short Spanish comic opera made popular during the 18th
century.
▪ According to lsagani R. Cruz, in A Short History of Theater in the
Philippines, these plays are slightly exaggerated and can be seen at
any time in cafes, squares, and market-places of a big city.
 C. The following are categorized as recreational plays during
the Spanish period. These are different types of performances.

9. Moro-moro or comedia
▪ It is a folk drama based on the battles between Christians and the
Muslim Moros in the Philippines.
▪ It is based on metrical romances which feature Scenes of battle and
love, as well as song, dance and magical effects.
SEATWORK #2
Classify the following texts into their respective genres. Write the number
of your choice in each column.
1. El Filibusterismo 6. Barlaan at Josaphat
2. Lagaylay 7. Ang Mga Dalit Kay Maria
3. lbong Adarna 8. Sainete
4. Noli Me Tangere 9. Zarzuela
5. Tibag 10. Florante at Laura

POETRY NOVEL DRAMA or PERFORMANCE

Many forms of literary arts have
been born during the supremacy of
the Spaniards in the Philippines.
After more than three centuries as a
colony of Spain their customs and
traditions are deeply embedded
within the Filipinos.
 QUIZ #1
I. Given the following situations, determine possible literary text being referred to in each item.
1. A group of students are assigned to dramatize the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
2. The class discussion is focused on the battles between Christians and the Moros, this kind of performance
can be viewed to better understand the topic.
3. Two teams will engage in a debate-like speech known to be Balagtas' most prominent and influential work.
4. In one performance, one of the characters who plays Mary meets the other character who is depicted as
Jesus Christ.
5. During the holiday season, this is usually played as the re-enactment of the search for Bethlehem by Joseph
and Mary right before the birth of Jesus Christ.
6. A member of the class has to present the first book that is written in Filipino to be understood more by
many.
7.Two characters will exchange letters and speak about ideal virtues that people should follow, especially in
marriage.
8. This can be used by the class as a reference novel in reporting that urges a national consciousness among
Filipinos.
9. The class is divided into three groups who will each make a shadow play made of cardboard performed in
small carts.
10. A group of presenters show a sample image of a work of literature carved in .05 wood.
Barlaan and Josaphat Sinakulo
Urbana at Feliza Moro-moro
Ninay Florante at Laura
Carillo Salubong
Doctrina Christiana Panunuluyan
 QUIZ #1
II. ldentify whether the statement is true or false.

1. Riddles are one of the shortest forms of folk song.

2. Legends are sacred while myths are secular.
3. Some folk songs are about victory and praise.
4. Epics are the longest folk narratives that talk about the journey of a
hero.
5. Ballads are shorter than epics and usually tell about a particular event.
ASSIGNMENT #1

1. What are the evident traces of Spanish colonization until today?

2. What kinds of literature have risen during the Spanish colonization?
3. How did literature help in building the Filipino identity?
4. If you had lived during that period, what text would you have written?
Why?
5. How can we enrich our original customs and traditions?
Thank You!
See you next meeting!