DIASS |1

ST. PETER’S COLLEGE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL, principles and determined the life situations that are within the
INC. goals and scope of professional counseling.
15th de Septiembre St., Brgy. 2, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 WHAT IS NEW

As previously discussed in the previous chapters, counseling

DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES is a process and relationship between the client(s) and counselor. In
Module No. 3 (Week 5 and 6) this chapter, you will learn about the professionals and the
The Professionals and Practitioners of Counseling practitioners in the discipline of counseling.
WHAT IS IT

Defining the Roles, Functions and Competencies of Counselors

Roles of Guidance Counselors

Educator Advocate
Direct Care Supervisor

Program Prevention
Director Specialist

In the Western world, counseling in schools began in the early

twentieth century, focused mainly on preparing students for the
LESSON 1: The Professionals and Practitioners of Counseling workforce. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, guidance counselors
became more prevalent. In the beginning, many teachers doubled as
WHAT IS IN
guidance counselors; however, this is no longer the case. In the
In the previous chapter, you have developed a comprehensive 1960s, counseling in public schools was afforded more funding,
definition of counselling as an applied science. You understood the allowing the vocation to flourish. The profession expanded beyond
principles of counseling and the contexts involved in it. We had the focus on academic and career achievement.
clarified how the different factors contribute to the successful
counseling, discussed the core values of counseling and the
 DIASS |2

Given that the youth are the future of every nation, the role of
providing guidance at critical moments of growth is a serious nation-
building undertaking. Counseling is a process and a relationship  According to Philippine Republic Act No. 9258 (Section 2 to 3)
between the client(s) and counselor. a guidance counselor is a natural person who has been
professionally registered and licensed by a legitimate state
 The role of the guidance counselor is to assist the person or entity and by virtue of specialized training to perform the
persons (clients) in realizing change in behavior or attitude, to functions of guidance and counseling.
assist them to seek achievement of goals, assist them to find  He or she must be a qualified and licensed guidance counselor
help. at master's level. It is a profession, not a field. This is the only
 In some cases, the role of counselors includes teaching social profession whose primary purpose is counseling; wellness and
skills, effective communication, spiritual guidance, decision- strength-based approach to treatment; wellness model rather
making and career choices. than medical model.
 A counselor’s role may sometimes include aiding one in coping
with a crisis such as premarital and marital problems, grief The functions of a guidance counselor include:
and loss (divorce, death or amputation), domestic violence 1. helping a client develop potentials to the fullest;
and other types of abuse. Special counseling may include
assistance in situations like terminal illness (death and dying 2. helping a client plan to utilize his or her potentials to the fullest;
and counseling of emotionally and mentally disturbed 3. helping a client plan his or her future in accordance with his or
individuals. her abilities, interests, and needs;
 Counseling can be short-term or long-term.
4. sharing and applying knowledge related to counseling such as
Functions of Guidance Counselors counseling theories, tools and techniques; and
5. administering a wide range of human development services.
Competencies of Counselors

 Seven (7) distinct competence areas of counselors.

(McLeod, 2003)
1. Interpersonal Skills – counselors who are competent display
ability to listen, communicate ; empathize ; be present ; aware of
nonverbal communication; sensitive to voice quality , responsive to
expressions of emotion, turn taking, structure of time and use of
language .
 DIASS |3

2. Personal beliefs and Attitude- counselors have the capacity to Things to Remember:
accept others, belief in potential of change, awareness of ethical and
moral choices and sensitive to values held by client and self. The following are the key skills of a counselor:

3. Conceptual ability – counselors have the ability to understand 1. Attending and listening skills – This refers to active listening
and assess client’s problem; to anticipate future problems; make which means listening with a purpose and responding with
sense of immediate process in terms of wider conceptual scheme to awareness that the client feels he or she has been both heard and
remember information about the client. understood.

4. Personal Soundness – counselors must have no irrational beliefs 2. Reflective skills – The key skills are restating, paraphrasing and
that are destructive to counseling relationships, self-confidence, summarizing, capturing what the client is saying and “playing” it
capacity to tolerate strong of uncomfortable feelings in relation to back to them.
the clients, secure personal boundaries, ability to be a client; must 3. Probing skills – These skills facilitate going deeper, asking more
carry no social prejudice, ethnocentrism and authoritarianism. directed or leading questions that they move the conversation in a
5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a knowledge of particular direction.
when and how to carry out specific interventions, ability to assess 4. Communication skills – These include the ability to actively listen,
effectiveness of the interventions, understanding the rationale demonstrate understanding, ask appropriate questions and provide
behind techniques, possession of wide repertoire of intervention information as needed.
6. Ability to understand and work within social system – this would 5. Motivational skills – This is to influence the client to take action
be compromise of awareness of family and work relationships of after a helping session or consultation.
client the impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use
support networks and supervision; sensitivity to client from different 6. Problem-solving skills – These include differentiating between the
gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or age group. symptoms and the problem itself.

7. Openness to learning and inquiry – counselors must have the 7. Conflict resolution skills – These involve helping the client focus
capacity to be curious about client’s backgrounds and problems; on facts rather than personalities.
being open to new knowledge
 DIASS |4

LESSON: 2 CLIENTELE & AUDIENCES IN COUNSELING

- People who abuse alcohol – alcoholism is seen as a disease alcoholic find it
WHAT IS IT
difficult to stop drinking on their own. This requires help from a professional as it
Attributes of Clientele and Audiences of Counseling requires appropriate treatment. However, an equally important paradigm is to look at
alcoholism as a weakness of self – control and self –discipline. therefore, this requires
 Neurotic - is a long-term tendency to be in a negative intervention other than treatment.
emotional state. Individuals with neuroticism tend to have
more depressed moods- they experience the ill effects of - Women – most men still have less participation in household responsibilities and
sentiments of blame, jealousy, outrage and uneasiness more childcare. In this case, women’s advancement is constrained. What complicates this
much of the time and more seriously than others. Neuroticism situation is the women’s perception about themselves and the society’s expectations.
Counselors are responsible in helping women appreciate their own values, abilities,
is the state of being neurotic.
aptitudes, and interests and to utilize these to develop their full potential. (Gibson and
 Psychotic-Psychotic Disorders are serious mental issue that Mitchel ,2003)
cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. Individuals with
psychoses puts some distance between the real world. Two of - Older Adults – a transition from a busy life to retirement stage must be instituted.
the fundamental manifestations are delusions and This is a challenge to the counseling profession. other issues that require attention of
counseling include loss of a partner, decline of mental capacity and mobility,
hallucinations.
increased loneliness, decline in financial security etc.
 Personality Disorder- it includes long haul examples of
considerations and practices that are unhealthy and inflexible. - People with AIDS –acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been labeled
The practices cause significant issues with connections and as the most feared disease due to its incurability. Victims of this disease are seeking
work. Individuals with character issue have trouble managing help to improve their quality of life and to handle their emotional stress and low self-
with everyday stress. esteem. Counseling’s approach requires sensitivity and appreciation of the intricacies
of the disease. Counselors may also help in assisting and educating the victims’
The clientele and audiences of the counseling profession come support system.
from different settings. Counselors deal with a mixture of people
- Victims of Abuse – this population represents victims of domestic violence
with different concerns and issues.
characterized by spouse and child abuses. Spouse abuse is often associated with
- People who abuse drugs – drug abuse is not just harmful to our physical health but poverty, drug abuse and career disappointments. The abuse has also become rampant
to our mental health as well. It cannot be denied that the drug addiction creates more and has caused psychological damage to the victims. The counselors are increasingly
social problems and contribute to social disintegration. Consequently, more youth utilized to help the victims.
victims cry for help and seek for counselors’ attention.
- Gay Men and Lesbian Women- they are usually the victims of harassment,
- People who use Tobacco – slowly our population recognizes the bad effects of violence, discrimination, and isolation. Gays and lesbians, like other sectors of the
tobacco to our health. However, many people still use and continue use tobacco even society, suffer from peer denial, family clash, health uncertainties and prejudgment.
if it is deadly. Users find it difficult to stop smoking. Hence, smokers who desire to Counseling will focus on self-awareness, self- acceptance and understanding.
quit tobacco were added to the list of the counselor’s audiences.
 DIASS |5

DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES b. Discipline d. Client

(ANSWER SHEET) 7. This started in the Western World in the early twentieth century,
Module No. 3 focused mainly on preparing students for the workforce.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
NAME: DATE: 8. Teachers have previously served as this person.
GRADE/STRAND/SECTION: BSED MATH 1st yr a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
NAME OF TEACHER: ERNA S. PALARCA 9. People with mental and emotional problems need the help also of this
professional.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
ASSESSEMENT 10. This practitioner administers a wide range of services human
development services.
LESSON 1: The Professionals and Practitioners of Counseling a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
ACTIVITY 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE: 11. This is one of the foundational skills of a counsellor in which he or she
employs active listening.
Choose the best answer to the following questions. Encircle the letter of your a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
answer. b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills
1. This is a process and a relationship between the client and the 12. This counsellor skills means helping the client focus on facts and not
counsellor. personalities in conflict.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Conflict resolution d. Problem-solving skills
2. He or she is someone who should be registered and licensed by a 13. This means a counsellor needs to be able to differentiate between
legitimate state and has specialized training to be one. symptoms and the problem itself.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills
3. Realizing change in behavior and attitude to assist the client is one of 14. This is a key skill for a counsellor which is concerned with being able
the roles of this professional and/or practitioner. to “capture” what the client is saying and play it back to them.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Reflective Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Communication Skills d. Problem-solving skills
4. His or her function as a professional includes the use of approaches to 15. A counsellor should be able to facilitate going deeper into the problem,
help client develop potentials to the fullest. asking more leading questions.
a. Counselling c. Counselor a. Attending Skills c. Motivational Skills
b. Discipline d. Client b. Communication Skills d. Probing skills
5. He or she perform several roles and can have many functions.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
b. Discipline d. Client
6. This process and/or relationship can either be short-term or long-term.
a. Counselling c. Counselor
 DIASS |6

ACTIVITY 2
LESSON: 2 CLIENTELE & AUDIENCES IN COUNSELING
Go online and research some of the country’s most famous professionals
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
and practitioners in the discipline of counseling. Give at least five
names and the details regarding their person and profession. ACTIVITY 1.
Matching Type: Match the items in column A with items in column B.
Write the answers in your notebook. (2 points each)
1. Albert Bandura- he most cited counseling psychologist alive is
Albert Bandura, a David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social
Column A. Column B.
Science in Psychology at Stanford University. Bandura’s contribution
to the field of psychology spans nearly six decades and includes areas
of specialty in therapy, personality, social cognition, and behaviorism. 1. Rehabilitation A. Employees who need to determine
Counselor business related issues or concerns
2. Roy Baumeister - A Francis Eppes Professor of Psychology at
B. Individuals who need assistance in
Florida State University, Roy Baumeister is known for his research on 2. Bereavement counselor
conquering their issues or alleviate
the self, irrationality and self-defeating behavior, self-regulation, and the negative impacts of medication
3. School counselor
the need to belong. His current research focuses on self-control and misuse
decision-making. 4. Human C. Individuals who need assistance in
resource personnel coping with loss
3. Carol Dweck- Professor of Psychology at Stanford University,
Carol Dweck has become recognized for her research in the fields of D. Students who need to
5. Job hunting coach determine individual conflicts
motivation and social psychology. Her research focuses on origins of
or upsetting circumstances
social, personality, and developmental psychology and how they 6. Marriage counselor
E. Individuals who need assistance in
bridge together with self-regulation and mindsets.
7. Conflict manager discovering essential data to get
4. Uta Frith - . A graduate of King’s College London, where she provider work appropriate for them
completed her PhD on autism, Dr. Frith has spent her career F. Individuals who need assistance in
investigating the cognitive processes involved with dyslexia and managing conflict to deescalate it, if
autism. She believes in research that is relevant to understanding not resolve it decidedly
autism and providing a better quality of daily life for those affected. G. Individuals (for example couples and
She is an advocate and leader supporting women in science and co- youngsters) who need assistance in
managing family-related issues that
founded the UCL Women Network. compromise their solidarity
5. Stephen Kosslyn - is a counseling psychologist, author, and
educator specializing in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
Formerly the John Lindsley Professor of Psychology at Harvard
University, Kosslyn has won notable honors such as the Guggenheim
Fellowship and Cattell Award. His research includes the study of
mental imagery, visual display design, and how people exhibit
individual differences when performing particular tasks.