SAMAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-MAIN

Ibaba, Samal, Bataan

Detailed Lesson Plan in Mathematics for Grade 8

8-STE
February 28, 2019
10:00-11:00 AM
I. Lesson Objectives

At the end of the lesson 100% of the students shall be able to attain at least 80%
level of proficiency to:

1. Identify the steps to express fundamental counting principle;

2. Solve the total number of outcomes in an experiment by using fundamental counting
principle; and
3. Relate the fundamental counting principle in real-life situation.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Introduction to Probability

B. Sub-topic: Fundamental Counting Principle
C. Major Concepts:
1. Fundamental Counting Principle (FCP)
The total possible outcomes for each individual event are found by
multiplying the number of outcomes for each event.
2. The Fundamental Counting Principle can be expressed as a three-step process:
a. determine the events;
b. determine the options for each event; and
c. multiplying the number of options for each event to determine the
number of possible outcomes.
D. References: DepEd Philippines, Mathematics Learner’s Module 8 (pp. 572-578)
Oronce and Mendoza (2013), RBS Mathematics Series e-Math 8
(K to 12) (pp. 438-439)
E. Materials: Laptop, Projector/Visual Aids
F. Skills: Problem-Solving and Analyzing
G. Values: Team Work and Accuracy

III. Teaching Procedures

A. Routinary Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greeting of Class
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Submission of Assignment/Agreement
B. Developmental Activities
Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities
1. Review
Last meeting, we discussed the possible
outcomes of an event using tree diagram. As a
review class, take a look on these given pictures.

Make a tree diagram to show the number of

outfits that you can make.
How many different outfits can you make?
There are 8 different outfits
How did you get it?
I got it by counting the number of branches.
Very good! It seems that you really remember
and understand our previous lesson about tree
diagram.
2. Motivation
Before we proceed to our new lesson, let
us have an activity called “Wheel of Treats”.
Did you have breakfast this morning?
(The students’ answers may vary.)
I need three volunteers who skipped their
breakfast today. They will stand up here in front.
(The students go in front.)
Suppose you are given a chance to choose a
special breakfast of one main dish, one drink,
and one dessert. Here’s the wheel of treats.

Click the mouse to spin the wheels for main

dishes, drinks, and desserts and click it again to
stop. Is that clear?
Yes, Sir.
Let’s start with the first volunteer, followed by
the second volunteer, and last the third
volunteer. (The results may vary.)

Aside from the three results chosen by the three

volunteers there are other possible breakfast
choice of one dish, one drink, and one dessert.
Do you agree? Yes, Sir.

Now, what is the name of our first wheel, the

second wheel, and the third wheel? The wheels are Main Dishes, Drinks, and
Desserts.

How many options are there in the first wheel? There are 10 options for main dishes.

How about in the second wheel? There are 10 options for drinks.

And in the third wheel? There are also 10 options for desserts.

What will be the answer if you multiply the

number of options for each wheel? The answer is 1000 options

Next time, don’t skip your breakfast because it

is the most important meal. Do you understand? Yes, Sir.

What you did is part of our new lesson which is

Fundamental Counting Principle.
3. Lesson Proper
Who wants to read our lesson objectives?
Lesson Objectives:
1. Identify the steps to express fundamental
counting principle;
2. Solve the total number of outcomes in an
experiment by using fundamental counting
principle, and
3. Relate the fundamental counting principle in
real-life situation.
Since we are going to discuss Fundamental
Counting Principles, what comes first in your
mind when you hear the word Fundamental
Counting Principles?
(The students’ answers may vary.)
To really understand what fundamental counting
principle is, let’s define it. Will you read? Fundamental Counting Principle is the total
possible outcomes for each individual event that
are found by multiplying the number of
outcomes/options for each event.
Based on the given definition, Fundamental
Counting Principle is basically found by
multiplying the number of outcomes/options for
each event. Fundamental Counting Principle has
three-step process to be expressed. Everybody,
will you read the three-step process?
The Fundamental Counting Principle can be
expressed as a three-step process:
1) Determining the events
2) Determining the number of options for
each event
3) Multiplying the number of options for
each to determine the number of possible
outcomes
To really understand the steps let us have an
example. Will you read example no.1?
Example 1.
A ten-peso coin, a five-peso coin, and a one-
peso coin are tossed. In how many ways can
Kindly read the first step of fundamental they fall?
counting principle.
How many events are there in the problem? Determine the event

Will you name the three events in the problem? There are 3 events in the problem.

The events are ten-peso coin, five-peso coin,

Who would like to read the second step of and one-peso coin.
Fundamental Counting Principle?

What are the options if you are going to toss a For each event, determine the number of options
ten-peso coin?

How about in five-peso coin, what are the The options are Head & Tail
options?

In one-peso coin, what are the options? The options are Head & Tail

Therefore, how many options are there for each The options are Head & Tail
event?

Based on the third step, how will you get the There are 2 options for each event.
number of ways the coins fall?

What will you multiply, based on the given Multiply the number of options for each event.
problem?

What will be the answer? 2x2x2

Do you have any question regarding to our first The answer is 8 ways.
example?

Let us have another example. Please, read the None, Sir.

second example.

A basket has 3 kinds of cookies, a box has 10

kinds of candies and a case has 4 kinds of soft
drinks. How many combinations of cookies,
Will you do the first step on the board? candies and soft drinks can be made?

How about the second step? Step 1: Cookies Candies Soft Drinks

Kindly apply the third step. Step 2: 3 10 4

Very good! Let us give them one clap, two Step 3: 3 x 10 x 4 = 120 combinations.
claps, three claps. What is the answer?

(The students do the clap simultaneously.)

Do you have any question? There are 120 combinations, Sir.

Who wants to read the next example? None, Sir.

Suppose a grade 8 student is to choose from

Mandarin, Nihongo, French, or Spanish as his
elective course in foreign language. He likewise,
has to choose from classical Music, Painting, or
Drama as an elective course for the arts. How
Who would like to answer the third example on many possible ways can he choose his electives?
the board?

Step 1: Foreign Language Arts

Step 2: 4 3
Excellent! Let us give them one clap, two claps, Step 3: 4 x 3 = 12 ways
three claps. What is the answer?
(The students do the clap simultaneously.)
Do you have any question? 12 ways sir.

Are you sure? None Sir.

What if we procced to step number 3 and skip Yes Sir.

writing step 1 and step 2 to solve the problem?
Is that correct?
(The students’ answers may vary.)
Since, we aim to attain our lesson objectives, so
we need to solve it step by step. Because the
most important thing is that you know the
process on how to solve for the total possible
outcomes of an event. Is that clear?

In real-life, what is the disadvantage of using a Yes, Sir.

tree diagram or a table in getting the total
number of possible outcomes?
Using a tree diagram or a table is time
Therefore, for you what is the easiest way of consuming.
getting the total number of possible outcomes,
using the Fundamental Counting Principle, Tree
Diagram, or Table?
The easiest way is using Fundamental Counting
Nice! Do you have any question? Principle, Sir.

Are you sure? None Sir.

Yes, Sir.
4. Application
Let us have a family activity. What are the
rules in conducting family activity? (The students’ answers may vary.)

Kindly proceed to your respective family.

(The students go to their respective family.)
Here are the rubrics to judge your family
presentation.

I have here four envelopes, each envelope has

white board marker and cartolina with written
word problem. I will give you five minutes to
solve the assigned problem to your family.

Assign one member of the family to present

your family work. If your family has done
answering, say the magic word “FCP” and post
your work on the board and go back to your
proper seats according to your family. Is that
clear? Yes, Sir.

Do you have any question? None, Sir.

Your 5 minutes starts now. Family 1.

A factory makes t-shirts in 5-colors, 4-designs,
and 3 sides. How many different t-shirts can be
made?
Step 1: Color Design Size
Step 2: 5 4 3
Step 3: 5 x 4 x 3 = 60 different t-shirts.

Family 2.
In restaurant, you have a dinner choice of one
main dish, one vegetable, and one drink. The
choices for the main dish are pork and chicken
meat. The vegetable choices are broccoli and
cabbage. The drink choices are juice and water.
How many choices are possible?
Step 1: Main Dish Vegetable Drink
Step 2: 2 2 2
Step 3: 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 choices.
 Family 3.
A five item multiple choice has 3 choices for
each question. In how many ways can the test be
answered completely.
Step 1: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Step 2: 3 3 3 3 3
Step 3: 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 243 ways
Family 4.
The Math Club is selecting new officers. There
are 3 candidates for president, 4 candidates for
vice president, 4 candidates for secretary, and 2
candidates for treasurer. How many different
outcomes are there?
Step 1: Pres V.Pres Sec Treas
Step 2: 3 4 4 2
Step 3: 3 x 4 x 4 x 2 = 96 possible outcomes
5.Generalization
Let us see if you really understand the lesson
for today. What is fundamental counting
principle? Fundamental Counting Principle is the total
possible outcomes for each individual event that
are found by multiplying the number of
outcomes for each event.
The Fundamental Counting Principle can be
expressed as a three-step process. What is the
first step?
Determine the events
How about the second step?
For each event, determine the number of options
What will be the third step to express
fundamental counting principle?
Multiply the number of options for each event to
determine the number of possible outcomes
Do you have any question about fundamental
counting principle?
None Sir.
6.Valuing
Today, we discussed fundamental counting
principle. We used the word options to answer
the problem by fundamental counting principle,
right?
Yes, Sir!
Have you ever experienced a situation that you
have to choose from different options?
(The students’ answers may vary.)
On what situation?
(The students’ answers may vary.)
No matter how many options do you have in
one situation. Always think ten times or more
than that before you choose. Because life is not
a series of chances but of choices. Everyday,
you have choices to make. But make sure that
you choose the right thing. Are you with me?
Yes. Sir.
In addition, according to Arnold
Schwarzenegger, failure is not an option,
everyone has a chance to succeed in any ways,
in many times. Do you understand?
Yes, Sir.
IV. Evaluation
A. Multiple Choice.
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. In Fundamental Counting Principle, what step is “Determining the number of
options for each event”?
a. Step 1 b. Step 2 c. Step 3 d. Step 4
2. A True or False test consists of 5 questions. If all questions are answered, in how
many ways can this be done?
a. 10 ways b. 20 ways c. 23 ways d. 32 ways
3. In a birthday party, a guest has a choice of juice drinks (orange, buko, or mango)
and dessert (leche plan, ube, or fruit salad). How many distinct juice-dessert pairs
are possible?
a. 3 juice-desserts pairs c. 9 juice-dessert pairs
b. 6 juice-dessert pairs d. 12 juice-dessert pairs
4. A car model comes in nine colors, with or without air conditioning, with or
without sunproof, with or without automatic transmission, with or without anti-
locks brakes. In how many ways can the car be ordered with regards to these
options?
a. 144 ways b. 184 ways c. 224 ways d. 244 ways
5. If you have 5 siblings to love you, 3 friends to care for you, and 2 parents to guide
you. How many ways of love, care, and guidance will you get?
a. 13 ways b. 30 ways c. 33 ways d. 40 ways

V. Assignment
Answer Activity 13, “I’m Dreaming of a New Cellphone” on page 578 of your
Learner’s Module. Write your answers on a whole sheet of paper.

Prepared by:

BRYAN C. SILVESTRE
Student Teacher

Checked by:

MELISSA D. DELA ROSA

Cooperating Teacher

Noted:

DONABEL D. DELA CRUZ

Head Teacher III-Mathematics

Approved:

FELISA C. BRAVO
School Principal II
 Scores Quality
5 Points The student presents their work very confident
(Exemplary) with exemplary explanation that shows
complete understanding of the problem.
4 Points The student presents their work very confident
(Proficient) with proficient explanation that shows
complete understanding of the problem.
3 Points The student presents their work slightly
(Acceptable) confident with acceptable explanation that
shows substantial understanding of the
problem.
2 Points The student presents their work not confident
(Weak) with weak explanation that shows some
understanding of the problem.
1 Points The student presents their work not confident
(Unacceptable with unacceptable explanation that shows lack
) of understanding of the problem.