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1. Describe how the fundamental principles (at least three) work/help in creating a

functional operating system.

- Here are three fundamental principles of operating systems and how they work/help in

creating a functional operating system:

1. Resource management: The operating system manages the resources of the computer

system, such as the CPU, memory, and storage (Franklin, 2021). This includes allocating

resources to different programs and users, and ensuring that no one program or user hogs

all the resources.

o Resource management is essential for ensuring that the computer system runs

efficiently and fairly (Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H., & Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C, 2018).

o It is also important for preventing conflicts between different programs and users.

o Some of the resource management techniques used by operating systems include:

 Scheduling: The operating system schedules the execution of programs so

that each program gets a fair share of the CPU time (Franklin, 2021).

 Memory management: The operating system manages the memory of the

computer system so that programs can access the memory they need.

 Storage management: The operating system manages the storage of the

computer system so that programs can save their data (Franklin, 2021).

2. I/O management: The operating system manages the input/output (I/O) devices of the

computer system, such as the keyboard, mouse, and hard drive. This includes handling

requests from programs to access I/O devices, and ensuring that the I/O devices are used

efficiently (Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H., & Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C, 2018).

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o I/O management is essential for allowing programs to interact with the outside

world.

o It is also important to ensure that the I/O devices do not slow down the computer

system.

o Some of the I/O management techniques used by operating systems include:

 Device drivers: The operating system uses device drivers to communicate

with I/O devices.

 Buffering: The operating system uses buffers to store data that is being

transferred between programs and I/O devices (Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H., &

Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C, 2018).

 Caching: The operating system uses caches to store frequently accessed

data in memory.

3. Protection: The operating system protects the resources of the computer system from

unauthorized access. This includes protecting programs from each other and protecting

users from each other.

o Protection is essential for ensuring the security of the computer system (Franklin,

2021).

o It is also important for preventing data corruption.

o Some of the protection techniques used by operating systems include:

 Permissions: The operating system assigns permissions to files and

directories so that only authorized users can access them (Sharma, 2021).

 Encryption: The operating system can encrypt data to protect it from

unauthorized access (Franklin, 2021).

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 Access control lists: The operating system can use access control lists to

control who has access to resources.

The fundamental principles of operating systems are essential for creating a functional

operating system. By understanding these principles, you can better understand how operating

systems work and how to choose the right operating system for your needs.

2. Install a virtual operating system (UNIX) using a virtual machine (VirtualBox or any

other virtual machine or simulation). Go through the reading assignments or research

to find the steps to install the virtual operating system.

 Detail each step in your own words.

 Add relevant screenshots to each step.

- Ubuntu running in the Oracle VM VirtuakBox.

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Allocating the space in my virtual operating system. I have created a 25 GB sized

system. And installed the Ubuntu system. Then I selected the location and timezone.

Afterwards, I entered the basic information for running an operating system-

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Ubuntu being installed-

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Word count: 520

References:

 Arpaci-Dusseau, R. H., & Arpaci-Dusseau, A. C. (2018). Operating systems: three easy

pieces (1.01 ed.). Arpaci-Dusseau Books.: https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/

 Franklin, C., & Pollette, C. (2021, November 18). How operating systems work.

howstuffworks.com.: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm

 Jagroopofficial. (2021, March 31). Pros and cons of virtualization in cloud computing.

Geeksforgeeks.: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/pros-and-cons-of-virtualization-in-cloud-

computing/

 Operating system - services. (n.d.). tutorialspoint.:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_services.htm#

 Operating systems. (n.d.). web.uri.edu.:

https://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading07.htm

 Sharma, M. (2021, November 9). Operating system based virtualization. Geeksforgeeks.:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/operating-system-based-virtualization/