- Y 433 MAXWELUS EQUATION 4 T : 3 a) Defindton Maxwell's fqyualions aye a Sel of ney equations \hich must. be. Solisfied. by all electric and. Magnetic fields Throughout. all. space at, all times. they Comprise. Gauss’ law , Gauss'law for Magnetism, Maxwell's. modification of Ampexe’s law, and Favadey?s lawv._ : Each equation has o._diffexestial Version (inveving _ div ey cur] ), and an_ eqyuivalentiriteg ral Version - These eqyyivalences. come. from thie. dive Theorem ( for div) and. from. Stokes theorem( for cust) - i Gauss’ la for_ elec ee oy _$£-dA ia Ve, ii) Gauss? lays - male ii) Faradayss lav of induction : | . fe8= i) Amperers java el e fed—pith Z fedih td Gauss slow for “electhicity_ ‘v- Poe. f. TRE: ote Cs chorgedensity So ol aes _ ii) Gauss tlavy for. ogeetsm — Cas ye ag a! vE=° - ae Foraday's law “of Induction _—__ en ee oe a ; 4 a — iv Ampere 2S law pS ee ea SG WxB = 40k a K Fal vt eae Spikgees oe OE a te a Ie ‘cuore: density c= ke ae pet ae ‘orm_of Maxwell's Eqyuations___ ~~: Explonolion: ae i) Goussstaw_+ the diffevertial. form. simply states s ___thot the_din nce_of the_electic_displacement_ apa Pg. equal. -To_thelocel. free_charge. density... __the__integral._- form. States that_tie net ——flux_of the _electric_displacernent. field through... Closed _Sunfoce _5_ Ae to the_net_ free. charge —- eo ae REGS) OAS a eS. 435 jy GAUSS LOIN for Magnetism the. differential. form, Stoles that, tr divergence, of ony. magnetic field must be ti is eqyuial fo. Zevo- at thexefore implies thet. there - mognitic. imonopales. HHically ore ne lhe (nilegral_forrn States that. the net. flux of the magnetic field thraugh cmy closed Sun tace sauce fe iderdiealy equal. fo Zevo- It. therefore irnples thot maonetié field Ames. .Con_have no Sources or. Sinks, omd_anust._ form Clesed loops (ov. extend. to infinity ) ii)..Ampeve-MaxtWell La ale differential form Stalls thot the curl of Tie _ magnetic. field. Stren is the. Sum_of the -$xce_curcrent. sg density ond the time._.diffevential of tte electric di splamment field a lhe infepral fox stetes that the imfearal_ of - the. magnetic. ted Styength_araund.a_clesed tap ts_e9,ual e fo the sum, of : The met free current. passin Tbcaugh any. = Surface enclosed. the Loop -and the time derivative of Mie. - flux. of the electric. displacement. field. Through. thal Same Surfaces: 08 iy Fovaday:s Lata + the. differential. foo. states. thet the cant. Of he electric Sield is equal to the megative (Partial derivative Of te magnetic fild.tatlhrespedt Ta times Tn. other tNords: the circulation of the. eledhnie field. s -Propestinnal. to ‘he. “ale.2f. change of magnetic f Wo \436 ‘ The integral | orm skates that the initeg +o 0. cane. electric. Fielel cround oo closed Loop \s eovuial ty theme ative (Rortiol) time. devivolive.of the. rnopneic a flux through ony Surface bounded by this loop . — Maxwell's Egquuctions in _-.To-king the case .wihere there is no dielectric or _magnelic. media(ie_tNhen.-Hy= €y=1) and furtier —__agsuming thab_there_orre_mo. free ‘i charges or Current, Ste Bx d=0) becom turther..simplify the. general, crt f= d=0).te_ an_further... Simpl ifY Me genes _-— Cose.of Moxtwell’s_eqpuations fo obtarn the So-Called _ Maxwells eoyuchions_in.fxee_ space. ee Se Senos ee 5 > 3 ee ei PO ae coe eee PS ____ GaussyLains_ fox Magnetism... = : div(.8) so._..-> (2) eae hens os _CunlCB)= Me Eo 2 TS) ante437 "sabes, sa iCurl(2) ~~ 28 oe Cra aad “here : ose, Eun Be Sd "pe iD _Alsing Maxwell’ determine the_| Velocity of 1-6 orp ie fields. Mrough.*” scious media. Fixst We’ sha Ketan | _ Te case Walhene. The tlechrarnagnétic. fields propa page though. dislecticie (Lhind)media, in. Te obsrer, of fee _tunrents. ood_change. and then. Consider the Special case of fee Spaben 5 Sie eae k see ee eee In dielectyic Media :- __ Se ae. ee We. Staci. far matic’ enpuctions indidledvic media. but. assume tht. fis Gao ond take — tie curd, of Me. ee : ae (cuit) Jeount 28 = o cual 8) > fe I oe ey ee Ture we Subst the. oo eo | cea a ee) oR eee 2 o. (vA) = “yea oe ( Seas | oy a Ee macrl)- Dah 2Ae. LHS and noting Gauss! lara (assurning tet f¢=° ej- CE divibyso di 4) =aVE : a Habiyeots TE, ple). Standard Wave. eeyuation a ee La MEE ‘ pes the = of Peeper of o eas rag 2 in dielectric. media iS. fie oe IE Heh "hee In ce shar: Sheet ee Hence, os By (ie) yAhe speed. of light im Vacuum is: 446 ae /. _Enesgy Foansport. And The Poynting” _Nector: eas An electromagnetic wave. can transporl..eneray _from_ one Place to. an_other: light. f yor a bulb and _Yodiant heat fom cL. fixe cure. examples of energy f loving by means_of electromagnetic. Waves- __the ene -flow__in _an_electrornainetiic. Wave. 15 _measured to terms_of ‘rate of eneray flow perunt __Qvea- eee feet dhection - Of the energy flow interms of Vector called the ~ — . — Poynting Necloy_s_defined_a Su : ge es A SN eae ee Where Vector @:0nd.B_. are the. electric amd, __ the _eross'product -of tino Vectors ie Se _ must_ be Perpendicular_to the PLane_formed by Eard 8 _Gmd_ the dlivecten_of 2. ts_.detenmirtel by the “Tight-hand ye. ee oa kor the. Plane_electomagnetic Wa ve. the magnitude of 5 is_defined as - Wheres ond Bove the. instantanous. Values of the. - — observation. Porat: —————aan ss Saiz EB . uw) te an planet ok he Wove Number (Ke 20/4 cp a8 Sa.450 J=Sav= 1 pen el ee WAG z S65 ONS tee Senn PAR MeCe as Em =CBm. Pub: in Ey (it) se —LeSoy= bo EmxcBn a L= 2 Su= ZH, = aba sie epee Sas. bee « Traceteeaieet _may tes be. che eke of ms (vod mean. syucr). — rrp: of the fields_ jVSIN Ei ae Oe SS Encle. Beene Pike mn. hee eine. “Bm= 4 Byms ee s 1 a ee Brms ees 22 = tree Se eae cr ek