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Problems - Chapter 1 2 3

This document discusses concepts in physics and measurement, including: 1) Dimensions and units of various physical quantities like displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc. 2) Significant figures in measurements and calculations. 3) One-dimensional motion, including average and instantaneous velocity/acceleration, motion graphs, and kinematic equations. 4) Vector concepts like addition, subtraction, and resolution of vectors into components. Several problems involve calculating vector quantities from given information.

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19 views5 pages

Problems - Chapter 1 2 3

This document discusses concepts in physics and measurement, including: 1) Dimensions and units of various physical quantities like displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc. 2) Significant figures in measurements and calculations. 3) One-dimensional motion, including average and instantaneous velocity/acceleration, motion graphs, and kinematic equations. 4) Vector concepts like addition, subtraction, and resolution of vectors into components. Several problems involve calculating vector quantities from given information.

Uploaded by

erylmaz.utku
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter-1: Physics and Measurement

1) Write the dimensions of the below quantities.


a) Displacement
b) Velocity
c) Acceleration
d) Kinetic energy: 1/2mv2
e) Potential energy: mgh
f) Linear momentum: mv
g) Density: m/V
h) Force: (F=ma)
i) mV2/r
j) mVr
Some example answers a) [x]=L c)[a]=LT-2 f) [mv] = MLT-1
2) The position of a particle given as a function of time as x=Vt-Kt 3. Here, x is position, v is
velocity and t is time. a) Find the dimension and SI unit of K.
Hint: Dimension of all of the terms in the equation should be identical. Since x has a dimension of L
(length) the term -Kt3 should has a dimension of L.
Ans: LT-3
3) The velocity of a particle given as a function of time as v=Ct 2-Dt3. Here, v is velocity and t is
time. a) Find the dimension of C and D. b) Find the SI unit of C and D.
Ans: a) [C]=LT-3 [D]=LT-4 b) Unit of C is ms-3 . Unit of C is ms-4
4) Write the number of significant figures of the below numbers.

a) 4.3406 x 10-24 (Ans: 5)


b) 3.000 x 103 (Ans:4)
c) 4.004780 (Ans: 7)
d) 0.00456 (Ans: 3)
e) 4009 (Ans: 4)
f) 2500 (Ans: 2)
g) 2005 (Ans: 4)
h) 3089 (Ans: 4)
i) 108.45 (Ans: 5)
j) 0.0845 (Ans: 3)

5) Perform the below calculations by considering the rules for mathematical rules for significant
figures.

a) 1.198058x0,5678 (Ans: 1.1982)


b) 2.1/0.67 (Ans: 3.1)
c) 3.567x714 (Ans: 2547)
d) 45.61/1.78 (Ans: 25.62)
e) 1.587+3.47 (Ans: 5.06)
f) 25.678-3.29 (Ans: 22.39)
g) 891.295-34.67 (Ans: 856.63)
h) 9861.289+2345.7 (Ans: 12207.0)
Chapter-2: One dimensional Motion

1-) The position versus time for a certain particle moving


along the x axis is shown in Figure-1. Find the average
velocity in the time intervals (a) 0 to 2 s, (b) 0 to 4 s,
(c) 2 s to 4 s, (d) 4 s to 7 s, (e) 0 to 8 s.
Answer: (a) 5 m/s (b) 1.2 m/s (c) -2.5 m/s (d) -3.3 m/s (e) 0

2) Find the instantaneous velocity of the particle described


in Figure 1 at the following times: (a) t=1.0 s, (b) t=3.0 s, (c)
t=4.5 s, and (d) t =7.5 s.
Answer: (a) 5 m/s (b) -2.5 m/s (c) 0 (d) 5 m/s

3) A particle starts from rest and accelerates as shown in


Figure. Determine (a) the particle’s speed at t=10.0 s and at
t=20.0 s, and (b) the distance traveled in the first 20.0 s.
Answer: (a) 20.0, 5.00 m/s (b) 262 m

4) A particle moves along the x axis according to the equation x=2.00 + 3.00t-1.00t 2, where x is in
meters and t is in seconds. At t=3.00 s, find (a) the position of the particle, (b) its velocity, and (c) its
acceleration.
Answer: (a) 2 m (b) -3.0 m/s (c) -2.0 m/s2

5) An object moves along the x axis according to the equation x(t)=(3.00t 2 - 2.00t+3.00) m.
Determine (a) the average velocity between t=2.00 s and t=3.00 s, (b) the instantaneous velocity at
t=2.00 s and at t=3.00 s, (c) the average acceleration between t=2.00 s and t=3.00 s, and (d) the
instantaneous acceleration at t=2.00 s and t=3.00 s.
Answer: (a) 13.0 m/s (b) 10.0, 16.0 m/s (c) 6.00 m/s2 (d) 6.00 m/s2
6) A velocity–time graph for an object moving along the x
axis is shown in Figure (a) Plot a graph of the acceleration
versus time. (b) Determine the average acceleration of the
object in the time intervals t=5.00 s to
t =15.0 s and t=0 to t=20.0 s.
Answer: (b) 1.60, 0.800 m/s2

7) A motorist drives along a straight road at a constant speed of 15.0 m/s. Just as she passes a parked
motorcycle police officer, the officer starts to accelerate at 2.00 m/s 2 to over-take her. Assuming the
officer maintains this acceleration, (a) determine the time it takes the police officer to reach the
motorist. Find (b) the speed and (c) the total displacement of the officer as he overtakes the
motorist.
Answer: (a) 15 s (b) 30 m/s (c) 225 m

8) The position of a particle is given by x = 4 - 5t + 3t 2 m. (a) What is its instantaneous velocity and
acceleration at t = 3 s? (b) At what time is the particle at rest?
Answer: (a) 6 m/s2 (b) 0.83 s

9) A truck starts from rest and accelerates at 1 m/s 2. Ten seconds later, a car accelerates from rest at
the same point with an acceleration of 2 m/s (a) Where and When does the car catch the truck? (b)
What are their velocities when they meet?
Answer: (a) 34.1 s, 581 m (b) 34.1 m/s (car), 48.2 m/s (truck)

10) A speeder moves at a constant speed of 15 m/s in a school zone. A police car starts from rest just
as the speeder passes it. The police car accelerates at 2 m/s 2 until it reaches its maximum velocity of
20 m/s. Where and when does the speeder get caught?
Answer: (20s, 300m)

11) A ball thrown up from the ground reaches a maximum height of


20 m. Find: (a) its initial velocity; (b) the time taken to reach the
highest point; (c) its velocity just before hitting the ground; (d) its
displacement between 0.5 and 2.5 s; (e) the time at which it is 15 m
above the ground.

Answer: (a) 19.8 m/s (b) 2.02 s (c) -19.8 m/s (d) 10.2 m (e)1,01 and 3,03 s
12) Ball A is thrown vertically up at 5 m/s from a roof top of height 100 m. Ball B is thrown down
from the same point 2 s later at 20 m/s. (a) Where and when do they meet? (b) What are their
velocities when they meet?
Answer: (a) 3.78m, -51.1 m (b) -32 m/s, -37.4 m/s

Chapter-3: Vectors

1) Use the component method to add the vectors A and B shown in


Figure. Express the resultant A+B in unit–vector notation.

(Answer: 2.60 ^i + 4.50 ^j )

2) A vector has an x component of -25.0 units and a component of 40.0


units. Find the magnitude and direction of this vector.
(Answer: Magnitude=47.2 units, angle=122o)

3) A displacement vector lying in the xy plane has a magnitude of 50.0 m and is directed at an angle
of 120° to the positive x axis. What are the rectangular components of this vector?
(Answer: -25.0 ^i + 43.3 ^j )

4) Given the vectors A=2.00 ^i + 6.00 ^j and B= 3.00 ^i - 2.00 ^j , (a) draw the vector sum
C=A+B and the vector difference D=A-B. (b) Calculate C and D, first in terms of unit vectors and
then in terms of polar coordinates, with angles measured with respect to the + x axis.

5) Consider the two vectors A= 3 ^i – 2 ^j and B = - ^i - 4 ^j . Calculate (a) A+B, (b) A - B,


(c) |A + B|, (d) |A – B| and (e) the directions of A + B and A – B.
Answer:
(a) 2 ^i - 6 ^j (b) 4 ^i +2 ^j (c) 6.32 (d) 4.47 (e) 288o and 26.6o

6) Three displacement vectors of a ball are shown in Figure where ͉


A= |20.0| units, ͉B= |40.0| units, and C=|30.0| units. Find (a) the resultant in
unit–vector notation and (b) the magnitude and direction of the resultant
displacement.

Answer:
(a) 49.5 ^i + 27.1 ^j (b) Magnitude: 56.4 and angle=28.7o

7) If A=(6.00 ^i - 8.00 ^j ) units, B=(-8.00 ^i + 3.00 ^j ) units, and C=(26.0 ^i + 19.0 ^j )


units, determine a and b such that aA+bB+C=0.
Answer: a=5.00, b=7.00

8) Given two vectors, A = 2 ^i + ^j - k^ and B = - 3 ^i + 2 ^j + k^ , find the unit vector


in the direction of S=2B – 3A. (Find S/|S|)
Answer: -0.92 ^i +0.077 ^j +0.38 k^

9) Given two vectors, A = 2 ^i - 3 ^j + k^ and B = -4 ^i + ^j -5 k^ , find a third vector,


C, such that A - 2B +C/3 = 0.

Answer: -30 ^i +15 ^j - 33 k^

10) Given vectors ⃗


A=5 i−12
^ ^j and ⃗
B=4 i^ −3 ^j , find a) the x and y components b) Magnitude of
these vectors.

11) The magnitude of ⃗ A is 6.8 units and ⃗ B is 5.5 units. Find the
magnitude and direction of
C =⃗
⃗ A+⃗B, ⃗C =⃗A-⃗B ,⃗
C =⃗ A (Ans: 1.3 i^ , 12.3 i^ , −12.3 i^ )
B− ⃗

12) The magnitude of ⃗ C and ⃗ D are shown in the figure. Find the
magnitude and direction of the vectors ⃗ C and ⃗
D +⃗ D.
C −⃗
(Ans: 3.48 m 8.27°, 5.66 m 52.6°)

A,⃗
13) Vectors ⃗ B are shown in the figure. Use component method to find
a) ⃗A+ B⃗ (Ans:3.14i^ +0.41 ^j )
b) A−⃗
⃗ B (Ans:-0.32i^ +2.41 ^j )
c) 2 ⃗A +⃗B (Ans:4.53i^ +3.82 ^j )
d) 2 ⃗
B −⃗A ^
(Ans:2.05i-3.41 ^j )

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