19/7/22

peluning
S e q v e n t b e l E x e c u t i g n

PA: P X+Y

P2: P 1

Pa:RX4P

P4: S R-
p5:T R P
PE: U=S+T

P5

wite
fter
Data Dependence
RAW Read
dependence:
X>y
x t > Y : WAR
Flow

dependece: WAW
Anb X Y:
dependeuce
Oukpue
lnpu/oukput dapendence X
>Unknowu dependence
GRAH
Draw dependence qapk s1: R1<-MCA)

S2: R z R+R4
s1: Lonol R1,A
S2 Add RaR1 S3: R<-R3

S3 Move Ra,R3 s4: Ma>-R1

S4 Store B,R1 R-M6)

S13S4
53- S,
S1 S2 ,
s2-S2
s1- >$3
S3
S2+

Do dopendence graph
S1 R1 <- MCA)
s1: Load R1,A
S2 R2 <-MCB)
S2 Lord Rz,B $3 RL<R1+ R2
s3 Ald R1,R2 R1
Sh MCA) <-
S4: Skore AR1
S5M(6) R2
S5: Sre B, R2
s5,si s
S3 S3 S4, s2
S $3, s2
$3 53 i ot considered
5|X Since memor
51 >S1 S2 + ,

s1 S3
 dvptase of ipeluning No. of lock cyclas ve

Nen-Pipelined) 6ycles
clock Pigekind4 cc

Ald:RR; R2R2t+R3
R3-R3/R1
STAGE oF
Detng in 1 cdeck eyele PieELINE
D Decode, Ex Execuiom,
Eanple:
MA: Me.mom Access,WB : Wate Back
SIRI<RI+R2 ExTi EDEA Data of Rz
S2 R2 R2
2CCC F D ExEx MAW obbained
S3 R3 +RZ CCc ongE***|* |D Ex M* |B . cc
2 34 S * *Delay 12
uesi 1 12
S-stage figeline Proces sst:
EXE for
LoAD, ADD, sUg cCe
IF,ID, Ex E ,MEM, WB 1 clock cy ola anch excep
for MUL
Exe)
,DiV: 2. cC
lesuchonm
LoAD R3,1CR2)
DV RI, R3, R
ADD R5, RG
SUB
R7RI R8
MUL RA, RRIO
 22/7/22 2
M
2 R i + Rz
SI: R3
sTFID) EXE MEM |wB 6 LO

S2:RyR2+RS 32 TF TD EXE MEM wBE

ss: 6 7 K I t k 3 S
; 3
IF IDExEMEM WB
S
S 4 : R 6 < - R 1 + R 3

= 1 IF |IDEXE IMEnNB
Jeck y c l
Clock ccles = |l stalls = 3

INE Goes hom: 2 3

SI R3 -CR2)

3ack
IFIDExEMEMW
52 RI
R3/R IF ID ExE ExEMEMwB
s 3 R 5 - R I t R 6

IF D ExE MEMW
S4 RT -RI~28 IF ExE MEMwg
S5 R1 -R)&RID TF D EXE MEMWS)
. of Cc
Stall
12 CC= II stall = 1

eet Exe) 26lal22

Add Ri RItRz Add R-ActRz
>Accuulatoy

+ype. TS fi st regestez|Souce R- Farmat C32 bs): ALU(coe) ustuctions

rt secnd restersers AD SB,ETE
o desination register o R 4 ShiFeFcode
o pcode=O Shift vve (lukt/ig
Cindicaks type t instruckion)
MPS Dgtruckion
Add $3,$1,4io
represestohn:
6inA Awer per fhied epresentbion
Decimal no. per field

0000po 01pod1o1 0l04Dob|ooopo 1doooo

hex Ox 012 A 4020

Machine Lang ug
presewtiom
struction

Qneshon SuBl++9 1 ,+ 20 R2,F30R3)

goo1o)
D203 9 o o0ooioo Ioloo ioljoioojlooopo/0p
Ox22 eox62E4

at 3 hex: Ox O2MME 48 2

bioy move *9 RI t zoRa) yTyhep

/
Lapx3o
E24
 T- ype hstructio

OPsotaddes/umedia
Taet/hestnation
MovE 9 1 , #2DRZ Ox 3D

Coodpo 1o oolaiioo|poopeooo0o0
hexOx 023A1 O030
27 t122
tEcode Cfmcion Crdo NA
, ten represet wh KX XXXX
op Cde - o f all
am tnebc gerakors
SLL sutt ft :2dadd-esso
SLL #18 R #1| R2,2
oooo00
DIDooo00ooloo0Djo x x xXKX
hex ill contain xx ia Hhe ad

lw #8,4# )
Vaelctent conke
Dolo loool olooo| O000 Obo0 o0o0
o00
S #3, 8*)
Rugiste valwe stored in
des ta ma memory
le opcgde x21
3C# )
20
1 00 pl ooosiooo
oo00 000D 0000 I o00
Soure des ahom

OxO11 o008
 XOK

g0o0oilo oo
13
4

682G|
hex:
0x O1 CF

21 7 122
o MIPS
,4A3
High-lesel n g u a g e : in saD,$ai,$a2
Mnemonicsfa,h,i

Regsker,
i+j)
f Cg+h)
rejiskers
aiables
allocated to
fai)-La2+ $a3
C$aO+
$O

7MIAS
$a1
add gto, $a0,
a l , $a3
add $t1,s
$to ,$t1
Sulb $vo,

>High-leel lnguage

j= O +1O J=k

MIPS Con stnn

rthmeh
addi Sti, sto,io;erat
ddi sto, 4,03

ink i-o, isks

JL+1D

add $to, $o,0;

add $ti,9to,/0
$to ,$+l;
add $t2, 23
in $sz,2A[oJ
in$s3
LL:in
$s1,h
MIPS AC3
to,12 ($s /$to
3-ht A3 dd isl,$s2,$t0
AC =ht AL33; Au$tO,i2(}s3);
add $bo,bsz2,$t0; /$0= htAL:)
su
$40, (s3); //AL«) -§to
 ine i12 j=lo, AL3);
,

ACo)= ij
AC4J
Co) -ACo)+ nC1)
A = ACo)- ACi)
ACo ACo-AC1
ti =122
aadi $to, $o, 12
addi $t1,$0, lo
ACo) =i
Sw to , $s1) lw B , ($s);
AC=j $t2,oG5) ;
sw b2, 46sD ore efhi cint Hh doing
i 5 4 $ s / $ 2 A[ol + aC1] =

adds $t2, ACo= $t2 eveyng in one stateneub

Sw s

t 2 , $ä,4), $tz= alo)- ALi)

1Sw st3
subi $b2 , js, 4 ) ; t 2 = ACo)-A C1l;
Sw *ta, ¢sSI ACo) - $t2
 slsl22 ata thazards
w w

RA:Flo w dpendency>S«t; Opcrand Frsardeng

7WAR An > Sel :

register Renamng Technar
RA R2+ R3 RA R2+R3
R3 30
T 1 - 20
R2 20

utpuk
Set: Register Renaming Techniqve
R -R2 +R3 RtR3
Ta-R4-R5
R1Ry-R5

slsllstuchon Sheduling depends on campila)

a=b+c
cCode def;
CASE 1: MIPS astmuction

Lw R1 R FDEx MA WB
R2-C F Ex MA WB
Lw R2,c
D Ex MA wS
Lw R4,e FD Ex MA WB
RS
Lw R5,f FDEx MA WB
A3R1+R2
tDD R3,R,R2 R6-R +RS F D Ex MA
ADD R6,R, RS F Ex MA NB
EX
Sw a ,RR d R F
Si d,RG Stl
CC
cAtSE 2 MIPS lusejon
..FDEx MA wg
R1-
R-c FDEx MA 8
Ex MA WB
F
RY-e- Ex MA wB
F D
R3R+R -
Ex MA WB
D E xMA WB
RS4 F
R6-R4+R5- F D Ex MA
.F

d R6 wB

cc 16

esb+c
tg+h Lw R5, 9
Lw R1, A
LW R6
Lw R2, tDD R7, k5,R6

ApD R3,R1, R2 Sw +,R7

Sw C,R3
ADD R1,R2,,R3
SW e, 6
ol8l22
Speedup = nke
E-1)
Fo h> k
Speadep
MIDSEM-20 13
Jeck yele 2Xo
5ox 1os

I5 2x1o cP I = -33
CPIRIOS

o.4+Os o.4 + O.6

o.5
4.33-1
V3

MiDsEM-2020
20 nkt

Non-Pipeun nx 40 CkC) =
/7a
20 nx4o
23
6182
1-b ooneh predchonchngre
For Cizo;i<5 i++) IS NT
aa+L

Achh onSeyvence T
Predichon
=
TTT T NT
NT TTTTT8
Accuncy 6GY.
 h a State : NT 3

Ackual Segvence TT T TT NT
NT TT

NT T
NT

T
NT T NTT
fCiz 3) it+ Predacbi oM NT T
onsieo
coubnre

i+t Accuracy XX X
NT
AS:
T T TT AccuTA
TT7

P NTT
-bbrauel Preoicie ontechngve
tecknigve

AsTT 7TNT IS:NT

Accuray =
T T
P:NTNT T

rCj=1 j<Y3j ++)

at+
3

248 22 333 A
ET
IDI Fo wO 33 2 B
4 cc 33 1 c

c 44 3
35 * 3+ 3R2* 51*
49
Atnaae no. yoks

Executin hne k G b-1)C

4+1.99) + (00-1)*1.17
+1-19) +94 1-99)

+-1),
Test
nstuchm
 e Pioeune
Exete 10 iustmchn
mo
Ec stge sane aXecution Hme .find speedp "

.3
45+04

uk
yoo
26lglz : Instmetion evel faralle Lism CILP)
Pipeline deph No. of stages
=

Speednp= CPTunpipel
1+ fipelne sball cyckes pe« iustuction CPT Pipelines

6 Staus per îustmehom

(0. x2+.05* 2)
s predichon
=
K
1+0.1+0.I

2 307. daka degendent = 5 stalls

Speedup 20
2 2.5
20 20 x 4556
)
1+ 0.7 x5

5
stages 23 / Loads nert ustucki n uses load valre
oads= 5 xo.3 1
inasas
o. =
0.|15
Jmps 0-02x 1 0.0 =

Cond aoval =
o. 25x 0 .11 * 1 -
o .o475
Totl lenglby =)
29/s22 LLP

Lop n e n n l i n g

uE>*91;
=i-3)
i=i-3) /Loop vvoU twie
/LooP n

Ciloo0 ;
cmstat;
C i =R Ci)+
Li - + cnstad -21 -3 0
Ci-
TLi-= KLi-2]
+ corstat

3 Toal ho. t steps: 4

0 wn brance s bake minimum 1 stall reg wred

,emsbant (5)
301 812 21 200o

F o =2.
LD Fo, olRA),

APp Fi,Fo, /F4 2+5=F

=

20
SD F, OCRA) / a r [o) =7
2 2606
DA R4, Ra,#3/R1=200o+1

= 2002 2008

1
Address increments by

toreduce wo. of dock cles

lasbuchom Schaduuug

Lp Fo,o CR4)
R1 , R1,#8
DAD
1 so

ADD A, Fo, F Addres akrendy

iucremented by
8(R1) / Prevous index
SDF4-
s&oringia

b
a: a [i++]+
5

H/Wa=i++

19l22 e ime 3 . 5 rm 6 cc
rednces
LP rdl
219 22
12 Cc
No-P ebned
Ppened=G cc CR
=

Clock Rat
iaS. n
NO. f
2
nx12 2
Specdup CR ) T
T2 2T1

AnSmes: Ti:7
6n 6
+
-

36
L6+-1ex6 ) 30 +b
C max+ delay
6 +0 6

Non-Ppelned = 129n

12
2 n
syeead-) 30t bn
Speedp=2 = 2

91122
. Cik5)
whle Ci5)
As TTNTINT

P TTTTi

jTACy 5 100 783. NI

2 b
T T
NTT Stng-
T NT T AS T NT
A g S T NT T
Weak-w
TTT
P TT NT T NTr P T S S W
AccA lo/,
F,D wB 1 cc
Bxe ADD =icc SUB
MUL -3 M 6
DR2 R t RO Ex WS
I D
IF D EX Ex EX WB
Ex WB
RGR5-R1 D
 + O.095 +O. 56
O.15 x o.|
x3 to.o8 x3

2
E M
R1 R2 R3
M W
ADADD R RS F
DSUB FDE M
R6 R R
DMVL FDE M W
R R DE M W
O Rs
Ro R R11
XO

5o s (5ox 5)
hne
1.0483
o.8+ 0 : 5
O8 + 0O

A.D433 15.44
Napipelave )
Pipelan

May speedg e.3 .2

4.25
 O Suko
LD F6,3CR2) Lond2 ycle
LD F2,45(R3) FPadd2 cyles
LD F, 56(RN)
Ffwwla py 10 cyoles
MULD Fo,P2,M
sUBD Fs, F6,F2
FU 3 Londer CLD/sT), 3 ADOE 2 Mulb pliers

Execuh om wite
Rsult Tsse Compete esu lt
LD P6,3(R)
Coplete
LD F2,15(R3) 2
LD FYS6(e) 5 6
MUL Fo, F2, F - 4 19
SUBD
$, F6 5 7
5 8
ISsUe Conplete Res ult
LD F6 3 (R) 2
LD F , 4s (R3 2

LD F4, 56 (R) 3 5
MULD Fo, F2 F
DiVD FiO,Fo, FG 5 21 22

LD2cc MULI FU3 Loaddet , 3 tlder 2 mulbplie

ADD 2 CC Div

LD Fo o 1 sSe Cmplute Resu l

1
MvLTD F4 Fo R2
15
J-17
L 6
BNEZ LLrp 2
5

SD 2doseks -1 20
-22
Mut4 cc 1
23
LD 8 cc 3 19 3 20
T12
a 25
13 DA 28
TT

|S
 Supe scala Superpipelne 26l1ol 22

C1,1) =
k+(N-1) Scalar
Superscalax
tCmy1) k +(N-m) m isSwes
m ha
ving sAme k sages
ldcal Specd up
SCm, 1) = t C1,1) n CktN-4) =mCk+ N-1)
C1) k+(N) N Ck-1)

SupeTpeluing
EAch stage divide into substages
2
FE FF261 62 LFa
3

Superpipelned Superscala ferformance

Cmn) k+N-)
mn

SCm 4)= t(4,1) Mn Ck +N 4)

ECm ) kmn+N-m
sCm) EC4,4) - mn
CkN-4)
m+N-m
Dsadventages
P-rbem schedmlng
Detinental affeck on perfomance vanus
bcomeS more prono unced haza vds
 4 l h l 2 2

AMAT And alcbal Miss Rate

of Hhe givea fsltai, nfarmakion
ulst
HT L1 cycle
O.05ns AMAT I t 0.0> * ML1t0.05XI6.5 =1.325
MR L1

HT L2
4 cycles MP 4 + 0-25 x 50 I6.5
MR La 0.25ns
AMAT L2
MP Lz
50 yces
MPL * ME 0. o125 ns
obnl Mi

8 1 0 0 0 nctuchions

to mISSes iu L1
20 i sses îu L2

1 cqcle
L4 h tie
L2 HT 1o cy e
L2 miss PRalty =
Iod

e mstmeLim
1.5 henyretrenes=1.0
CeI
s6ume idal
A local and qlobal miss t e o enc nel AMAT, stall eyoes pey
ind
nstuceh on and hose wiout L2 a h

Local wiss a t fp L1 =40 . 4%

ooo

Local mussate f Lz / 2 Z 5o
27
wcs ake = 4 x 5° 7 =

qlobal
o 20x00 2
Tast
lo+ o. 5 x jdo Averae Heary salls pe
W AMAT 1+(0.o4)| ( 3 . - 1 ) XI.S - 3 .
L
1+0,01x 6D
3.4

Wrhuk L2 cake
160 5
5
1 + 47 x
TInst (5-1.)x1.5
AtMAT

Mwmory
Stales pe
t erage
improvemenk uith Lz
1)
teriinana
6+ 52
(3.641)
5 veent
 what is t e npace ot *cmd-lerel ache asso ciaativ1ty
Civen Mhe data below,
o s miss penalby

Assu me io Cc
dine cl mapped
=

HT in L2 fr
asspcialviky increases by
ut b e o.5 Cc
2-w seke
La tov r e c e maprel 20/
LoCal i s t e f
LMR L2 fv 2-wy SA =I07.
MP L2|Od CC

AMAT 10+207. * io= 30cc

iod E
0 7 x 20.5 cc
AMAT2w 0 .f

increase. o 1 inCYase
ra cically
20 Cc
AMAT2w 0 t o KjoD
l + Id7xlod = 2.1 CC

Associalviby Tag sleck &Set

Sek Asseciaive Tag Se Number lock-
MM siz 4G8 =2 x 2 2qte

Eapa-
MM Size 3 G3 2x 23
Block Sie 8KB 2 x2 2 B
Word Size 1B
Fo Assoc ahve
Mapes
Phy Sical Mdress bs splu = 33

19 Tas Dictan Sise

EXmpl-3
2B Block Offset l12
MM s Ze 44B
1 MB 28 No. ns 22
Cache siw 2 12
Blocks R 4 KB 2 B
22Y

Word sizu : 15 seks

=

ber
Fot 2-w SA Mo-peig
PA l,2 32 T SN 8ieck
2x13
Ta Diveckety :