Scribd
Upload
30 views4 pages

Elsc Lesson 2.4

Geologic processes shape the Earth through both internal and external forces. Internal, or endogenous processes include magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism which generate rocks through heat and pressure within the Earth. External, or exogenous processes like weathering, erosion, mass wasting and sedimentation occur near the surface and influence the structure of rocks and landscape. Weathering breaks down rocks through physical or chemical means, while erosion and mass wasting transport material downhill, and sedimentation involves the accumulation of eroded materials.

Uploaded by

Moselle Marika Mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views4 pages

Elsc Lesson 2.4

Geologic processes shape the Earth through both internal and external forces. Internal, or endogenous processes include magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism which generate rocks through heat and pressure within the Earth. External, or exogenous processes like weathering, erosion, mass wasting and sedimentation occur near the surface and influence the structure of rocks and landscape. Weathering breaks down rocks through physical or chemical means, while erosion and mass wasting transport material downhill, and sedimentation involves the accumulation of eroded materials.

Uploaded by

Moselle Marika Mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

2.

4 Geologic Process
& History of the
Earth
-Geologic processes of the earth describe the natural forces that influence the shape and
structure of the planet.
-Earth’s structure is naturally altered by internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous)
natural forces.
-Endogenous Processes are caused by forces from within or in the interior of the earth.
-Exogenous Processes are processes that occur on or near the surface of the earth.
-Types of Exogenous Processes include Weathering, Erosion, Mass wasting, and Sedimentation.
-Weathering is the integration of rocks, soils, and minerals together with other materials
through contact with the earth’s subsystems.
Additional:
Weathering happens even without movement or transportation.

Weathering: Two Types


PHYSICAL
-This refers to the breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces.
CHEMICAL
-This refers to the breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions.

-Sedimentation is the accumulation of materials such as soil, rock


fragments, and soil particles settling at the bottom.
Erosion
Happens when the earth's surface is worn away by the wind, water or
ice, animals, human activities, and even urbanization.

Sedimentation
Is the accumulation of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil
particles settling at the bottom.

Erosion
Involves movement.
Sedimentation
Usually occurs in stream and sea erosion

Mass Wasting
Mass Wasting refers to the movement of material on a downslope
terrain due to gravity.
TYPES
a. Debris flow happens when a large number of sediments, usually rocks, fall downslope. It does
not need water to flow down.
b. Mud flow happens when combined soil and water flow downslope.
c. Slumps is a slow downslope movement of loosely consolidated materials or rock and soil
layers.

-Endogenous processes of the earth are responsible for earthquakes and the movement of
plates.
Additional:
-Endogenous processes use heat from within the earth. It is also called hypogene processes.
-Earthquake- a form of wave motion transmitted through the surface of the earth.
-Tectonic Movement- gives rise to oceans, mountains, ridges; called distrophism when it results
in building up.

-Examples of Endogenous Processes include Magmatism, Volcanism, and Metamorphism


-Magmatism happens when magma is generated and develops into igneous (magmatic) rocks.

Volcanism
Also known as "Plutonism", is the process that usually happens after the magma is formed.

Magmatism
The process of changing the materials that make up a rock. Rock changes (chemical/geologic)
due to heat, fluids, and pressure.

Types
a. Contact metamorphism- if rock minerals and texture change because of heat.
b. Regional metamorphism- change in the rock (larger or more extensive area) like a mountain
range, because of heat and pressure.

A. Stratification of Rocks- Stratification planes are the names given to the separation
between individual layers of rocks.
Stratification The layering that occurs in most sedimentary rocks and in those igneous
rocks formed at the Earth's surface
Stratification planes are the names given to the separation between individual layers of
rocks

A. Relative Dating- establishes/place the events in their proper order.


B. Absolute Dating- based on the decay of radioactive elements in the rocks.
C. Marker Fossils / D. Index Fossils- used to date the rocks. In addition, it indicates the types of
organisms that existed in a certain time period.
The geologic time scale shows the order of duration using units of abstract time: eons, eras,
periods, and epoch

You might also like