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DNA Components

1. DNA is a molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms. 2. DNA is located in the nucleus of cells and is organized into structures called chromosomes. 3. DNA is made up of nucleotides, which contain a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine).

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45 views49 pages

DNA Components

1. DNA is a molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms. 2. DNA is located in the nucleus of cells and is organized into structures called chromosomes. 3. DNA is made up of nucleotides, which contain a sugar, phosphate, and one of four nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine).

Uploaded by

kyn chi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DNA

DNA
_E_E_I_S

Branch of biology concerned with the study of


genes, genetic variation, and heredity in
organism
GENETICS

Branch of biology concerned with the study of


genes, genetic variation, and heredity in
organism
C_RO_O_OM_S

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins


found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying
genetic information in the form of genes.
CHROMOSOMES

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins


found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying
genetic information in the form of genes.
G_E__R _EN__L

He is the “Father of Genetics”.


GREGOR MENDEL

Considered to be the “Father of Genetics” who


studied the inheritance.
G_N__

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a


parent to offspring and is held to determine
some characteristic of the offspring
GENES

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a


parent to offspring and is held to determine
some characteristic of the offspring
_N_E_I_A_C_

A process by which genetic information is


passed on from parent to child.
INHERITANCE

A process by which genetic information is


passed on from parent to child.
MELC
Explain the different patterns of non-
Mendelian inheritance (S9LT-Id-29)
a. Describe the structure of genes and
Chromosomes.
b. Identify the components of the
DNA molecule.
c. Construct a model of a molecule of
DNA
What are chromosomes? Where are
they located in our body?
CHROMOSOMES

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and


protein found in the nucleus of most living
cells, carrying genetic information in the
form of genes.
How many chromosomes do
human have?
How many

do people have? Humans have 46


chromosomes in each cell.
Observation of the human
body cells shows 23 pairs of
chromosomes for both
46 chromosomes
males and females. Twenty-
44 2 X two pairs are somatic
Body chromosomes/somatic
sex chromosomes
Y chromosomes. The 23rd
pair consists of sex
23 pairs
chromosomes
SEX CHROMOSOMES
FEMALE
2 TYPES: XX
X and Y MALE
XY
What will happen if there are
extra copies of chromosomes?
DOWN SYNDROME
Down syndrome is a
genetic condition where
a person is born with an
extra copy of
chromosome 21. This
means that they have a
total of 47 chromosomes
instead of 46.
TURNER SYNDROME
monosomy disorder.
Instead of 46
chromosomes, the
person has only 45
chromosomes.
Arrange the ___Chromosome
items in order: ___Base pair
Largest to ___DNA
smallest ___Nucleus
___Cell
___gene
Arrange the ___Chromosome
3
items in order: ___Base
6 pair
Largest to 5
___DNA
smallest 2
__Nucleus
1
___Cell
4
___gene
GENES
INHERITED TRAITS

a unit of
heredity that is
transferred
from a parent to
offspring
Genes
Our genes are on our
chromosomes.
Chromosomes are
made up of a chemical
called DNA.
What is the meaning of D.N.A.?
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleicacid
Where is DNA located?
In human cells, molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid, also
known as DNA, are densely packaged into thread-like
structures called chromosomes in the nucleus. A small
amount of DNA is also found outside the nucleus in
organelles called mitochondria.

Each chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule.


How do you describe the
shape of DNA?
The shape of DNA is
DOUBLE HELIX or a
twisted ladder.
What are the components
of DNA?
• It is made up of sub unit called

DNA NUCLEOTIDES
• Each nucleotide contains three
components:
Nucleotides
-the basic building
block of nucleic
•a sugar
acids
•a phosphate group
•a nitrogen base
DNA • It is made up of sub unit called
NUCLEOTIDES

•One deoxyribose
with its phosphate
and base make a
nucleotide
Each sugar in a nucleotide has a nitrogen base
attached to it. There are four different types of
nitrogen bases in DNA.

Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Four Nitrogenous Base

A T
Adenine Thymine

C G

Cytosine Guanine
The sugar in DNA is
called 2-deoxyribose.
These sugar molecules
alternate with the
phosphate groups, making
up the “backbone” of the
DNA strand.

Backbone of DNA
NUCLEOTIDES
✓Each base will only bond with one other
specific base.

✓Adenine (A) Form a base


✓Thymine (T) pair.

✓Cytosine (C)
Form a base
✓Guanine (G)
pair.
A T
DNA Structure
C G

Because of this T A
complementary base
pairing, the order of C G
the bases in one
T
strand determines A

the order of the C


G
bases in the other
strand. T A
PRACTICE BASE PAIRING RULES:
WRITE THE COMPLIMENTARY DNA STRAND:
Who were the big players in
developing our current DNA
knowledge?
Chargaff: Discovered the amount of
adenine = thymine, guanine =
Cytosine.

Franklin:
Created images of the
DNA molecule.

Watson and Crick: Concluded that


DNA looks like a long twisted ladder.
Importance
of
DNA
It is the
universal
blueprint
for life on
Earth
It makes you
unique and
alive.
It determines
what people
looks like
It carries genetic
information
passed from
parents to
offspring.
Forensics/ Crime
DNA
Fingerprinting
Physical evidence
Thank You

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