FINAL EXAM c. Individual learning histories.

PSY100/General Psychology d. Homeostasis.

5. According to Abraham Maslow, we are

Complete Name _________________ not prompted to satisfy psychological
Section _________ needs, such as the need to be
accepted or loved, until we have
MOTIVATION AND EMOTION satisfied more basic needs. The most
basic needs are physiological needs,
Choose the best correct answer from the including the need for food, water, and
options given. Write only the letter of your best oxygen; just above these are
choice. a. Safety needs.
b. Self-esteem needs.
1. Although instinct theory fails to explain c. Belongingness needs.
most human behavior, the existence d. Psychological needs.
of simple fixed patterns such as an
infant’s rooting and sucking suggests 6. The hypothalamus, a structure deep
some innate tendencies in humans. within the brain, controls feelings of
Indeed, the underlying assumption of hunger and fullness, in part by
instinct theory – that ___ -- is as evaluating changes in blood
strong as ever. chemistry. Hunger occurs in response
a. Physiological needs arouse to high blood insulin and
psychological states a. High blood glucose and low levels
b. Genes predispose species-typical of ghrelin.
behavior. b. Low blood glucose and high levels
c. Physiological needs increase of ghrelin.
arousal c. A low basal metabolic rate.
d. External needs energize and d. A high basal metabolic rate.
direct behavior
7. Set point theory proposes that our
2. Drive-reduction theory proposes that a bodies tend to maintain themselves at
need, or deprivation (for example, a a particular weight level. When our
lack of water), leads to an aroused weight falls below the set point, we
state or drive; this in turn motivates feel hungrier (and eat more) and
the organism to act to reduce this lethargic (and reduce our energy
drive (drink a glass of water) and expenditure). This “weight thermostat”
restore internal stability. The is an example of
maintenance of a balanced internal a. Homeostasis.
state is called b. An eating disorder.
a. Instinct. c. Individual learning.
b. Pursuit of stimulation. d. Binge-purge episodes.
c. A hierarchy of needs.
d. Homeostasis. 8. Some of our responses to food and
eating are learned; others are genetic
3. Motivated behaviors satisfy a variety ad universal. Which of the following is
of needs. When feeling bored, we may a genetically disposed response to
look for ways to food?
a. Reduce physiological needs. a. An aversion to eating cats and
b. Search out respect from others. dogs
c. Increase arousal. b. An interest in novel foods
d. Ensure stability. c. A preference for sweet and salty
foods
4. Behavior is also influenced by d. An aversion to carbohydrates
incentives in the environment, as
when the smell of baking bread 9. Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia
triggers a desire to eat. To explain the nervosa are eating disorders
effects of external incentives, we must characterized by abnormal eating
erefer to patterns. Which of the following is true
a. Biological needs. of bulimia nervosa?
b. Instinct.
 a. People with bulimia continue to example of an external stimulus that
want to lose weight even when might influence sexual behavior is
they are underweight. a. Blood level of testosterone.
b. Bulimia is marked by weight b. The onset of puberty.
fluctuations within or above c. A sexually explicit film.
normal ranges. d. An erotic fantasy or dream.
c. Bulimia patients often come from
middle-class families that are 14. Two important theories of emotion are
competitive, high-achieving, and the James-Lange theory and the
protective. Cannon-Bard theory. The James-
d. If one twin is diagnosed with Lange theory states that our
bulimia, the chances of the other experience of an emotion is a
twin’s sharing the disorder are consequence of our physiological
greater if they are fraternal rather response to a stimulus; we are afraid
than identical twins. because our heart pounds. The
Cannon-Bard theory proposes that
10. Obese people find it very difficult to physiological response (like heart
lose weight permanently. This is due pounding) and the subjective
to several factors, including the fact experience of, say, fear
that a. Are unrelated.
a. With dieting, fat cells shrink and b. Occur simultaneously.
then disappear. c. Occur in the opposite order (with
b. The set point of obese people is feelings of fear first).
lower than average. d. Are regulated by the thalamus.
c. With dieting, basal metabolic rate
increases. 15. Assume that after spending an hour
d. There is a genetic influence on on a treadmill, you receive a letter
body weight. saying that your scholarship request
has been approved. The two-factor
11. In describing the sexual response theory of emotion would predict that
cycle, Masters and Johnson noted that your physical arousal will
a. A plateau phase followed orgasm. a. Weaken your happiness.
b. Men experience a refractory b. Intensify your happiness.
period during which they cannot c. Transform your happiness into
experience orgasm. relief.
c. The feeling that accompanies d. Have no particular effect on your
orgasm is stronger in men than in happiness.
women.
d. Testosterone is released in the 16. Research suggests that we can
female as well as in the male. experience an aroused state as one of
several different emotions, depending
12. Daily and monthly fluctuations in on how we interpret and label the
hormone levels do not greatly affect arousal. If physically aroused by
sexual desire in humans, but swimming, then heckled by an
hormonal changes over the life span onlooker, we may interpret our arousal
can have significant effects. A striking as anger and
effect of hormonal changes on human a. Become less physically aroused.
sexual behavior is the b. Feel angrier than usual.
a. Arousing influence of erotic c. Feel less angry than usual.
materials. d. Act euphoric.
b. Sharp rise in sexual interest at
puberty. 17. Emotions such as fear and anger
c. Decrease in women’s sexual involve a general autonomic arousal
desire at the time of ovulation. orchestrated by the sympathetic
d. Increase in testosterone levels in nervous system. In many situations,
castrated males. arousal is adaptive. For example, with
a challenging task, such as taking an
13. Sexual behavior is motivated by exam, performance is likely to be
internal biological factors, by external disrupted when arousal is
stimuli, and by imagined stimuli. An a. Very high.
 b. Moderate. 23. After graduating from college, you get
c. Low. a job and move into a large
d. Diminishing. metropolitan city. At first, you find the
street noise irritatingly loud, but after a
18. Feelings of fear and anger involve a while, it no longer bothers you, thus
similar general autonomic arousal, but illustrating the
they activate different brain areas. For a. Relative deprivation principle.
example, stimulate one area of a cat’s b. Adaptation-level principle.
___ and the cat draws back in terror; c. Feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
stimulate another area of that d. Catharsis principle.
structure and the cat hisses with
rages. 24. A philosopher notes that one cannot
a. Cortex. escape envy by means of success
b. Hypothalamus. alone: There will always be someone
c. Reticular formation. more successful, more accomplished,
d. Amygdala. or richer with whom to compare
oneself. In psychology, this
19. Robert Zajonc and Joseph LeDoux observation is embodied in the
maintain that some of our emotional a. Relative deprivation principle.
reactions occur before we have had b. Adaptation-level principle.
the chance to label or interpret them. c. Need to belong.
Richard Lazarus disagreed. These d. Feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
psychologists differ about whether
emotional responses occur in the 25. Age, race, and gender seem not to be
absence of predictably related to subjective
a. Physical arousal. feelings of happiness or well-being.
b. The hormone epinephrine. However, researchers have found that
c. Cognitive processing. happy people tend to
d. Learning. a. Have children.
b. Score high on intelligence tests.
20. Some nonverbal behaviors – threats c. Have a meaningful religious faith.
and smiles, for example – are d. Complete high school and some
universally understood; others are not. college education.
People in different cultures are most
likely to differ in their interpretations of PERSONALITY
a. Adults’ facial expressions.
b. Children’s facial expressions. 26. According to Freud, we block from
c. Frowns. consciousness unacceptable or
d. Postures and gestures. unbearably painful thoughts, wishes,
feelings, and memories. The blocked
21. When people are induced to assume material surfaces in disguised forms –
fearful expressions, they often report for example, in physical symptoms,
feeling a little fearful. This result is dreams, or slips of the tongue. This
known as the ___ effect. unconscious blocking of unacceptable
a. Facial feedback thoughts is
b. Culture-specific a. Free association.
c. Natural mimicry b. Repression.
d. Emotional contagion c. Anxiety.
d. Reaction formation.
22. In some situations, venting anger –
“blowing up” – seems to calm a 27. According to Freud’s view of
person temporarily. More often, acting personality structure, the “executive”
angry increases hostility. Experts system, the ___, seeks to gratify the
suggest that to bring down anger, a impulses of the ___ in more
good first step is to acceptable ways.
a. Retaliate verbally or physically. a. Id; ego.
b. Wait or “simmer down.” b. Ego; superego
c. Express anger in action or c. Ego; id
fantasy. d. Id; superego
d. Review the grievance silently.
28. Freud proposed that children 33. Psychodynamic theorists and
incorporate parental values through a therapists tend to reject Freud’s view
process called identification. Closely that sex is the basis of personality. But
associated with this process is the they would agree with Freud about
development of the “voice of a. The existence of unconscious
conscience,” the part of the mental processes.
personality that internalizes ideals and b. The Oedipus and Electra
that Freud called the complexes.
a. Ego. c. The predictive value of Freudian
b. Superego. theory.
c. Reality principle. d. The superego’s role as the
d. Sublimation. executive part of personality.

29. According to the psychoanalytic view 34. Sigmund Freud viewed the
of development, we all pass through a unconscious as a reservoir of
series of psychosexual stages, such repressed and mostly unacceptable
as the oral, anal, and phallic stages. thoughts, wishes, feelings, and
Conflicts unresolved at any of these memories. Which of the following is
stages may lead to NOT part of the contemporary view of
a. Dormant sexual feelings. the unconscious?
b. Fixation in that stage. a. Repressed memories of anxiety-
c. Preconscious blocking of provoking events.
impulses. b. Schemas that influence our
d. Distorted gender identity. perception and interpretations.
c. Parallel processing that occurs
30. Freud identified many defense without our conscious knowledge.
mechanisms, including regression d. Instantly activated emotions and
(coping with anxiety by retreating to an implicit memories of learned skills.
earlier developmental stage) and
projection (disguising threatening 35. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
impulses by attributing them to proposes that we first satisfy basic
others). All defense mechanisms physiological and psychological
distort or disguise reality, and all are needs, and then we become
a. Conscious. motivated to fulfill our potential
b. Unconscious. through self-actualization. Maslow
c. Preconscious. based his ideas on
d. Rationalizations. a. Freudian theory.
b. His experiences with patients.
31. Projective tests ask test-takers to c. A series of laboratory
respond to an ambiguous stimulus, for experiments.
example, by describing it or telling a d. His study of healthy, creative
story about it. One well-known people.
projective test, which uses inkblots as
stimuli, was created by 36. According to Carl Rogers, a growth-
a. Alfred Adler. promoting environment is one that
b. Karen Horney. offers genuineness, acceptance, and
c. Sigmund Freud. empathy. The total acceptance
d. Hermann Rorschach. Rogers advocated is called
a. Self-concept.
32. In general, neo-Freudians such as b. Unconditional positive regard.
Alfred Adler and Karen Horney c. Self-actualization.
accepted many of Freud’s views but d. The “ideal self.”
placed more emphasis on
a. Development throughout the life 37. The humanistic perspective, which
span. focused on the potential for human
b. The collective unconscious. growth and self-fulfillment, has
c. The role of the id. influenced counseling, education,
d. Social interactions. child-rearing, and popular psychology.
The humanistic perspective has been
so well received because
 a. It emphasizes the group and our 42. Albert Bandura, a social-cognitive
social nature. theorist, believes that interacting with
b. It has a sound basis in scientific our environment involves reciprocal
studies. determinism, or mutual influences
c. It has predictive value as a testing among personal factors, and behavior.
instrument. An example of an environmental factor
d. Its emphasis on the individual self is
reflects and reinforces cultural a. The presence of books in a home.
values. b. A preference for outdoor play.
c. The ability to read at a fourth-
38. Trait theory describes personality in grade level.
terms of characteristic behaviors, or d. The fear of violent action on TV.
traits, such as agreeableness or
extraversion. A pioneering trait theorist 43. When elderly patients take an active
was part in managing their own care and
a. Sigmund Freud. surroundings, their morale and health
b. Alfred Adler. tend to improve. Such findings
c. Gordon Allport. indicate that people do better when
d. Carl Rogers. they experience
a. Learned helplessness.
39. Trait theorists assess personality by b. An external locus of control.
developing a profile of a person’s c. An internal locus of control.
traits. For example, they administer d. Reciprocal determinism.
personality inventories – long
questionnaires that ask people to 44. Working with animals and people,
report their characteristic feelings and Martin Seligman studied an attitude of
behaviors. The most widely used of all passive resignation, which he called
personality inventories is the learned helplessness. He found, for
a. Extraversion-introversion scale. example, that a dog will respond with
b. Person-Situation Inventory. learned helplessness if it has received
c. MMPI. repeated shocks and has had
d. Positive Psychology Self-Sort. a. The opportunity to escape.
b. No control over the shocks.
40. Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck c. Pain or discomfort.
defined personality in terms of two d. No food or water prior to the
primary factors – extraversion- shocks.
introversion and stability-instability.
Most researchers today believe that 45. A goal of many personality theories is
the Eysenck dimensions are too to be able to predict a person’s
limiting and prefer the so-called Big behavior in a particular situation. ___
Five personality factors. Which of the theory is very sensitive to the way
following is NOT one of the Big Five? people affect, and are affected by,
a. Conscientiousness particular situations, but it says little
b. Anxiety about enduring traits.
c. Extraversion a. Psychoanalytic
d. Agreeableness b. Humanistic
c. Trait
41. People’s scores on personality tests d. Social-cognitive
are only mildly predictive of their
behavior. Such tests best predict 46. Psychologist Thomas Gilovich
a. A person’s behavior on a specific demonstrated the spotlight effect by
occasion. having students wear Barry Manilow
b. A person’s average behavior T-shirts into a room where other
across many situations. students were gathered. The spotlight
c. Behavior involving a single trait, effect is our tendency to
such as conscientiousness. a. Perceive ourselves favorably and
d. Behavior that depends on the perceive others unfavorably.
situation or context. b. Try out many possible selves.
c. Become excessively critical when
made to feel insecure.
 d. Overestimate others’ attention to emotional effects of exercise is that
and evaluation of our appearance, exercise triggers the release of mood-
performance, and blunders. boosting neurotransmitters such as
norepinephrine, serotonin, and
47. Researchers have found that high a. Placebos.
self-esteem is beneficial (people who b. Endorphins.
feel good about themselves have c. B lymphocytes.
fewer sleepless nights, for example, d. T lymphocytes.
and are less likely to use drugs). Low
self-esteem tends to be linked with life 53. Long-term studies of thousands of
problems. How should this link people indicate that people who have
between low self-esteem and life close relationships – a strong social
problems be interpreted? support system – are less likely to die
a. Life problems cause low self- prematurely than those who do not.
esteem. Those studies support the idea that
b. The answer is not clear because a. Social ties can be a source of
the link is correlational and does stress.
not indicate cause and effect. b. Gender influences longevity.
c. Low self-esteem leads to life c. Type A behavior is responsible for
problems. many premature deaths.
d. Because of the self-serving bias, d. Social support has a beneficial
we must assume that external effect on health.
factors cause low -self-esteem.
54. The physiologist Walter Cannon
48. Research indicates that people tend to described the role of the sympathetic
accept responsibility for their nervous system in preparing the body
successes or good qualities and for fight or flight. Hans Selye extended
blame circumstances or luck for their Cannons findings by describing the
failures. This is an example of body’s adaptive response to stress in
a. Low self-esteem. general. Selye’s general adaptation
b. Self-actualization. syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm
c. Self-serving bias. reaction followed by
d. Empathy. a. Fight or flight.
b. Resistance then exhaustion.
Short-answer essay. c. Challenge then recovery.
d. Stressful life events.
49. How many trait dimensions are
currently used to describe personality, 55. In the months following a catastrophe,
and what are those dimensions? such as an earthquake or typhoon,
50. How do learned helplessness and there is a higher-than-usual number of
optimism influence behavior? short-term illnesses and stress-related
psychological disorders. Following
STRESS, HEALTH, AND COPING widowhood, there is an increased risk
of illness and death. These findings
51. The stress we experience depends on suggest that
how we perceive the events of our a. Daily hassles have adverse health
lives. A person (or animal) is most consequences.
likely to find an event stressful and to b. Experiencing a very stressful
suffer reduced immunity and other event increases one’s vulnerability
adverse health effects if the event to illness and death.
seems c. The amount of stress felt is
a. Painful or harmful. directly related to the number of
b. Predictable and negative. stressors involved.
c. Uncontrollable and negative. d. Having a negative outlook has an
d. Both repellent and attractive. adverse effect on recovery from
illness.
52. A number of studies reveal that
aerobic exercise raises energy levels 56. Stressors are events that we appraise
and helps alleviate depression and as challenging and threatening.
anxiety. One explanation for these
 Research suggests that the most 64. Why are some people more prone than
significant sources of stress are others to coronary heart disease?
a. Catastrophes. 65-66 How does stress make us more
b. Traumatic events, such as the vulnerable to disease?
loss of a loved one. 67-69 What are the basic links in our stress
c. Daily hassles. response system?
d. Threatening events that we 70-71 What factors affect our ability to cope
witness. with stress?
72-73 What tactics can we use to manage
57. Cardiologists Meyer Friedman, Ray stress and reduce stress-related
Rosenman, and their colleagues ailments?
observed that heart attacks were more 74-75 Those who frequently attend religious
frequent in Type A men – in those who services live longer that those who attend
appeared to be hard-driving, verbally infrequently or not at all. What type of
aggressive, and anger-prone. The research finding is this, and what
component of Type A behavior linked explanations might it have?
most closely to coronary heart disease
is PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND
a. Living a fast-paced lifestyle. THERAPY
b. Working in a competitive area.
c. Meeting deadlines and 76. Although some psychological disorders are
challenges. culture-bound, others are universal. For
d. Feeling angry and negative much example, in every known culture some people
of the time. have
a. Bulimia nervosa.
58. Stress hormones suppress the b. Anorexia nervosa.
lymphocytes, which ordinarily attack c. Schizophrenia.
bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and d. Susto.
other foreign substances. The stress
hormones are released mainly in 77. A physician may wash his hands 100 times
response to a signal from the a day, and few people would think his behavior
a. Lymphocytes and macrophages. was disordered. But if a lawyer washes his
b. Brain. hands 100 times a day for no apparent reason
c. Upper respiratory tract. and has no time left to meet with his clients,
d. Adrenal glands. the hand washing will probably be labeled
disordered because it is, among other things,
59. Research has shown that people are a. Distressing and dysfunctional.
at increased risk for cancers a year or b. Not explained by the medical model.
so after experiencing depression, c. Harmful to others.
helplessness, or bereavement. In d. Untreatable.
describing this link between emotions
and cancer, researchers are quick to 78. Some therapists adhere to the idea that
point out that psychological disorders are sicknesses and
a. Accumulated stress causes that people with these disorders should be
cancer. referred to hospitals, where they can be
b. Anger is the negative emotion treated as patients. This approach is called the
most closely linked to cancer. a. Social-cultural perspective.
c. Stress does not create cancer b. Psychological model.
cells, but it weakens the body’s c. Medical model.
natural defenses against them. d. Diagnostic model.
d. Feeling optimistic about chances
of survival ensures that a cancer 79. Many psychologists reject the “disorders-
patient will get well. as-illness” view and instead contend that other
factors may be involved – for example, a
Short-answer question/essay. growth-blocking difficulty in the person’s
environment or the person’s bad habits and
60. What is stress? poor social skills. Psychologists who take this
61-63 What events provoke stress approach to psychological disorders are said
responses? to be advocates of the ___ approach.
 a. Medical
b. Positive psychology 85. Rats subjected to unpredictable shocks in
c. Biopsychosocial the laboratory become chronically anxious. To
d. Diagnostic labels the learning researcher this suggests that
anxiety is a response to
80. The APA’s system of classifying a. A phobia.
psychological disorders is found in the DSM- b. Biological factors.
IV-TR. One study found that psychologists c. A genetic predisposition.
using DSM-IV agreed on a diagnosis for more d. Fear conditioning.
than 80 percent of patients. The DSM-IV’s
reliability stems in part from its reliance on 86. Some psychologists believe our biological
a. Structure-interview procedures. predispositions to fear certain stimuli may play
b. In-depth histories of the patients. a role in the development of phobias. But
c. Inputs from patient’s family and psychologists of the learning perspective
friends. propose that phobias are
d. The theories of Peterson, Seligman, a. The result of individual genetic
and others. makeup.
b. A way of repressing unacceptable
81. Researchers note that 1 in 7 adults are impulses.
suffering or have suffered a psychiatric c. Conditioned fears.
disorder. One predictor that crosses ethnic d. A symptom of having been abused as
and gender lines and is closely correlated with a child.
serious psychological disorder is
a. Age. 87. Dissociative identity disorder is relatively
b. Education. rare. This disorder is controversial because
c. Poverty. a. Criminals have used it as a defense.
d. Religious faith. b. It was reported frequently in the 1920s
but rarely today.
82. When anxiety is so distressing, c. It is almost never reported outside
uncontrollable, or persistent that it results in North America.
maladaptive behavior, the person is said to d. Its symptoms are nearly identical to
have an anxiety disorder. If that anxiety takes those of obsessive-compulsive
the form of an irrational fear of a specific disorder.
object or situation, the disorder is called
a. A phobia. 88. unlike other psychological disorders,
b. A panic attack. personality disorders need not involve any
c. Generalized anxiety. apparent depression or loss of contact with
d. An obsessive-compulsive disorder reality. A personality disorder, such as
antisocial personality, is characterized by
83. The experience of anxiety often involves a. The presence of multiple personalities.
physical symptoms, such as trembling, b. Disorganized thinking.
dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations. c. Enduring and maladaptive personality
An episode of intense dread, typically traits.
accompanied by such symptoms and by d. Elevated level of autonomic nervous
feelings of terror, is called system arousal.
a. A specific phobia.
b. Compulsion. 89. Schizophrenia is actually a cluster of
c. A panic attack. disorders characterized by positive or negative
d. An obsessive fear. symptoms. A person with positive symptoms is
most likely to experience
84. Marina’s mother never had to remind her a. Catatonia.
to clean her room. When Marina became b. Delusions.
consumed with the need to clean the entire c. Withdrawal.
house and refused to participate in any other d. Flat emotion.
activities, her family consulted a therapist, who
diagnosed her as having 90. Stressful events and inherited
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. abnormalities in brain chemistry and structure
b. Generalized anxiety disorder. are possible factors in the development of
c. A phobia. schizophrenia. Chances for recovery are best
d. A panic attack. when
 a. Onset is sudden, in response to c. Transference.
stress. d. Active listening.
b. Deterioration occurs gradually, during
childhood. 96. The technique of systematic
c. No environmental causes can be desensitization teaches people to relax in the
identified. presence of progressively more anxiety-
d. There is a detectable brain provoking stimuli. Systematic desensitization
abnormality. has been found to be especially effective in
the treatment of
91. All of the psychological therapies involve a. Phobias.
verbal interactions between a trained b. Depression.
professional and a person with a problem. A c. Alcoholism.
therapist who encourages people to relate d. Bed-wetting.
their dreams and searches for the
unconscious roots of their problems is drawing 97. In token economies, people who display a
from desired behavior or take a step in the right
a. Psychoanalysis. direction earn tokens, which they can later
b. Humanistic therapies. exchange for other rewards. Token economies
c. Client-centered therapy. are an application of
d. Nondirective therapy. a. Classical conditioning.
b. Operant conditioning.
92. Humanistic therapists focus on present c. Counterconditioning.
experience – on becoming aware of feelings d. Cognitive therapy.
as they arise and taking responsibility for
them. Compared with psychoanalysts, 98. Aaron Beck’s form of cognitive therapy
humanistic therapists are more likely to teaches people to stop attributing failures to
emphasize personal inadequacy, and success to external
a. Hidden or repressed feelings. circumstances. This form of cognitive therapy
b. Childhood experiences. has been shown to be especially effective in
c. Psychological disorders. treating
d. Self-fulfillment and growth. a. Mental retardation.
b. Phobias.
93. Especially important to Carl Rogers’ client- c. Alcoholism.
centered therapy is the technique of active d. Depression.
listening. The therapist who practices active
listening 99. Psychotherapy is in large part an individual
a. Engages in free association. process, although most therapies may occur in
b. Exposes the patient’s resistances. therapist-led small groups. The social context
c. Restates and clarifies the client’s of this group tells people that others have
statements. problems similar to theirs and allows them to
d. Directly challenges the client’s self- act out alternative behaviors. In family therapy,
perceptions. the therapist assumes that
a. Only one family member needs to
94. Behavior therapists apply learning change.
principles to the treatment of problems such as b. Each person’s actions trigger
phobias and alcoholism. In such treatment, the reactions from other family members.
goal is to c. Dysfunctional families must improve
a. Identify and treat the underlying their interactions or give up their
causes of the problem. children.
b. Improve learning and insight. d. All of the above are true.
c. Eliminate the unwanted behavior.
d. Improve communication and social 100. What does it mean to say that
sensitivity. “depression is the common cold of
psychological disorders”?
95. Behavior therapists often use
counterconditioning to produce new responses THANK YOU!
to old stimuli. Two counterconditioning
techniques are systematic desensitization and
a. Resistance.
b. Aversive conditioning. MA. NENITA L. MAGALLANES, MASP