EMOTIONS - natural changes in the mental

SELF - Union of elements; body thoughts, state

feelings or emotions, and sensations that
constitute the individuality and identity of a SENSATIONS - a mental process resulting
person. from the immediate external stimulation of a
sense organ.
Body - physical attributes, health, posture,
and poise. - The union of these elements makes
up your personality
Thoughts - the way you think and how you
perceive things around you. Unpacking the Self

Theory of the week ( Sigmund ● Physical Self

● Material Self
Freud's Provinces of the Mind) ● Sexual Self
● Spiritual Self
➔ Sigmund Freud
● Political Self
- Austrian
● Digital Self
- Psychologist/Neurologist
- Father of Psychoanalysis
TRAITS - your own characteristic and
- Human Psyche can be divided into
description of yourself
three provinces.
NATURE - Your Natural Characteristics
Freud’s Provinces of the inherited from your parents.

Mind NURTURE - How you were raised and how

your environment affects your own
development and actions
Id - the completely unconscious, impulsive,
childlike portion of the psyche that operates KNOWING OUR STRENGTHS
on the “pleasure principle” and is the source
of basic impulsive and drives. ● We are more empowered to do our
developmental tasks
● wala akong pake kung masama o ● We are being equipped with skills
tama yan essential in making wise decisions in
● pleasure, desire, satisfaction life.
● We are able to analyze complex
Ego - acts on the reality principle and is the situations logically and sensibly
sole region of the mind that is in contact ● We are more confident in doing our
with the external world. It is the tasks
decision-making or executive branch of the ● We become more competent in
self. achieving our goal
- concept of wisdom KNOWING OUR WEAKNESSES
- Balance
- desicion making, reality ● We can identify situations where we
have to say no
Superego - acts on moralistic and idealistic ● We are able to reflect on what we
principle. It aims for perfection and what is should do with our own weaknesses
deal.

- moral
 ● We are being challenged to find out Spermache the beginning of development
ways how we can enhance our of sperm in boys' testicles.
capacities and capabilities.
Testosterone - an androgen that is strongly
INTROSPECTION - ability to reflect and associated in the physical maturation for
think about your own thoughts, feeling, and boys.
actions.
Estradiol - an estrogen that is strongly
associated in the physical development of
DEVELOPING THE WHOLE girls.

PERSON Androgen and Estrogen - are hormones or

chemicals produced by endocrine glands
➔ ADOLESCENCE that actively affect physical growth and
- a transition from childhood to development.
adulthood.
- a passage from one stage to another Sebaceous Gland causes acne.
- age for adolescence is 13-19 years
old Apocrine Gland produces pespiration.
- Puberty (start of sexual maturation)
to independence from parents. Body-cathexis - satisfaction with their
- Sexual Maturation and attainment of bodies (Stice &Shaw, 2002)
reproductive capacity may be
overwhelming, but it is integral ➔ Cognitive Changes
- Puberty for girls ages 10-11 and for
boys 11-12. Prefrontal cortex - involves in
decision-making, reasoning, and controlling
one’s emotions.

❖ Physical or Physiological Metacognition - the process of thinking, it

Changes increases your introspection.
❖ Social Changes
❖ Cognitive Changes Amygdala - the seat of your emotions. It
❖ Psychological or Emotional deals with anger, sadness, and happiness.
Changes
● Another primary concern of Emotional stability - is gradually attained
adolescence is rejection, by peers, as you approach the end of this
family, and love life. developmental stage.
● Peer Pressure - the influence from
members of one’s peer group. Emotional maturity - is achieved by the
end of adolescence.
Common Changes:
Peer acceptance becomes one of your
- height and mass increase priorities during these years because you
- physical and strength increases value them and their words.
- higher need for sleep
- sweat gland increases brain
development

Menarche development of Uterus (start of

Menstruation)
Albert Bandura’s Social - guide to knowing what is expected of
you
Learning Theory
➔ Albert Bandura STAGES OF
- a social cognitive psychologist
- known for his social learning theory ADOLESCENCE (Kimmel
- the concept of self-efficacy, and his
famous Bobo doll experiments.
&Weiner,1995)
Bobo Doll Experiment ➔ Early Adolescence
- 12-13 years old
- He made a film in which an adult ➔ Middle Adolescence
model was shown beating up a Bobo - 14-16 years old
doll. ➔ Late Adolescence
- 17-21 years old
Social Learning Theory
Early Adolescence
1. Attention - stimuli focus
2. Retention - rehearse encode - Accept your own physique and use
3. Motor Reproduction - practice your own body effectively
feedback - Adapting to your own Biological and
4. Motivation - reward reinforce Mental Development

Moral / Spiritual Changes - prepares you Middle Adolescence

to the real world wherein adults run their
own world for their own survival. - Achieve new and more mature
relations with age mates of both
sexes.
- Achieve a masculine or feminine
social role.
➔ Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
- German Psychologist Late Adolescence
- Psychosocial Development
- Expands the lenses of the studies in - Plan for marriage and family life
personality to a lifespan and not just - Prepare for a career
early childhood events.
Adolescence is a stage of “becoming” rather
than “being”

➔ Robert Havighurst (1900-1991)

- a psychologist in the 20th century
21st Century Adolescence
who developed a theory on how
people develop through life.
Modern Social developments -
- Developmental Tasks Theory
understanding its impact on today’s
adolescents.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
Instant Culture - how you acquire things
- the specific knowledge, skills,
easier.
attitude, and functions that a person
needs to acquire.
Materialistic - focusing on material things
rather than the effects

STATUS SYMBOL - prestige and symbol

that tells others that the owner is of higher
status than other people.

Tech-savvy - easily accessing information

and capable of multitasking

Family Structure - a family is organized

according to roles, and rules. (The free
dictionary, 2021)

Self-esteem - positive belief in oneself

Empathy - the ability to put oneself in

another’s shoes.

Knowing right from wrong - what is right

and avoiding what is wrong.

Developing Good Judgement - ability to

make good decisions.
The Challenges of Middle and Late engage in activities that put their health and
Adolescence dignity at risk.

Behavior - it helps you to become the

person you want to be.
CHALLENGES AMONG ADOLESCENT
Risky Behavior
● Drug Addiction
- potentially expose people to harm, ● Internet Addiction
or significant risk of harm will ● Teenage Pregnancy
prevent them from reaching their
potential Common Symptoms of Depression
- caused by interplay of biological,
psychological, and social factors that 1. Depressed mood
may create problems that you need 2. Markedly diminished interest or
to overcome pleasure in most or all the activities
3. Significant weight loss or gain, or
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RISKY increase or decrease in appetite.
BEHAVIOR 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation
❖ Biological/Physical - deals with 6. Fatigue or loss of energy
genes, hormones, your puberty 7. Feeling of worthlessness
stage, and brain development. 8. Diminished ability to think or
concentrate or indecisiveness
Hormonal changes - is linked to higher 9. Recurrent thoughts of death
rates of depression and it heightens sex
drives. Strategies to Cope with Challenges

Prefrontal cortex develops after amygdala 1. Learn to accept what you feel
2. Identify your vulnerabilities
❖ Sense of Identity - successful 3. Develop your talents and interest
formation of your identity will lead 4. Be more involved with others
you to healthy academic, social and 5. Seek help when needed
psychological functioning.
IKIGAI - Japanese secret to a long and
The absence of concrete self-identity happy life
causes heightened emotionality that usually
causes problems. ➔ iki - means “life: alive”
➔ kai - means “reason; worthiness;
❖ Social Factors - are family, peers, fruitful; effective.”
school, socio-economic status, and ➢ Ikiru hariai, yorokobi, meate -
immediate environment. something to live for, the joy and
goal of living
Rejection may cause depression if not ➢ Ikite iru dake no neuchi, ikite inu
handled well. It also causes low kōfuku, rieki - a life worth living, the
self-esteem which leads teenagers to happiness and benefit of being alive
 ➢ Reason to live 1. Eating more or less
2. Sleeping too much or too little
Ikigai 3. Isolating yourself from others
- Ikigai isn’t necessarily related to 4. Procrastinating
work or money. 5. Neglecting responsibilities
6. Drinking alcohol, smoking
- Ikigai doesn’t have to be viewed as
7. Having nervous
an overwhelming, all-or-nothing life
purpose. COPING INVOLVES
- You can have more than one ikigai
in your life. - Managing difficult situations
Coping with Stress in Middle and Late - Exerting efforts to solve your
Adolescence problems
- Striving to master or reduce the
STRESS - is your body’s way of responding stressful effects
to any kind of demand or threat.
Problem-focused coping
2 KINDS OF STRESS
- Facing the situation squarely and
❖ Eustress - can challenge and exerting efforts to solve the problem.
motivate you to find creative - Acting upon your concerns.
solutions to your concerns.
(Beneficial Stress) Emotion-focused coping
❖ Distress - when stress leads to a
- Responding in an emotional way.
sense of helplessness and
- Focusing on pain triggers emotional
exhaustion.
reactions
SYMPTOMS OF STRESS - Denying problems or laughing it off
prevents you to acknowledge the
❖ Cognitive Symptoms problem and handle it.
1. Memory problems
2. Unable to concentrate Avoidant coping
3. Poor Judgement
4. Seeing only negative - Ignoring the problem and hoping that
5. Anxious it will disappear in its own
❖ Emotional Symptoms
- Drinking alcoholic beverages
1. Moodiness
2. Irritability or short temper - Playing computer games for hours
3. Agitation or restlessness - Using illegal drugs
4. Feeling of being overwhelmed
5. Sense of loneliness Instant “relaxers” - It is your first aid in
6. Depression emotionally wrought and stressful situations:
❖ Physical Symptoms
1. Body aches - Eating comfort food
2. Diarrhea or constipation - Deep breathing
3. Nausea / Dizziness
- Relaxing your muscles
4. Chest pain
5. Rapid system weakness - Engaging in physical activities
❖ Behavioral Symptoms - Using aromatherapy
 - Having a good cry

Indicators that you have successfully

handled Stress

Emotional stability - remaining calm and

not being carried away by your emotions
signals a healthy way of coping.

Being tactful - being able to express your

thoughts and feelings in a non-aggressive
manner

Doing well in school - ability to meet all

your academic requirements

Learning to say “no” - being firm on what

you believe is right and saying “no” to peer
pressure.
THE POWERS OF THE MIND 3. Hindbrain - Control in the brain and
body
BRAIN
- The Control Center of the Body 4 LOBES
- The fattest organ of the Body (at
least 60% fat) ❖ Frontal Lobe
- Receives and integrates sensory - Planning and Thinking
information, and regulates internal - Control center of the Brain
processes. - Monitors Higher-order Thinking
MIND - Problem-Solving
- Involved in cognitive functions like - Working Memory and Focus
making decisions.
- The culmination of energy flow ❖ Temporal Lobe
through the brain that occurs when - Deals with sound, music, and face.
we think, feel, and make decisions - Long-term Memory
- Speech Centers at the left Temporal
Lobe

❖ Occipital Lobe
- Visual Processing

❖ Parietal lobe
- Spatial Orientation, Calculation, and
certain types of Recognition.

MOTOR CORTEX
- Controls Body Movement
Somatosensory Cortex - Processes
the signals of touch, which are received
from other parts of the body.

THE INTERIOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN

BRAIN STEM
- Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
➔ Vital body functions, such as
Heartbeat, and respiration are
monitored and controlled by this.
Reticular Activating System (RAS)

LIMBIC SYSTEM
- Generation of emotions and
THE MAJOR DIVISION OF THE BRAIN:
processing of emotional memories.
1. Forebrain - House of cell
FOUR PARTS:
2. Midbrain Hearing and Seeing
 Right Cerebral Hemisphere - is in charge of
1. THALAMUS the Left side of the Body
- Cognitive activities including Left Cerebral Hemisphere - is in charge of
memory. the Right side of the Body
2. HYPOTHALAMUS
- Monitoring the internal systems to CORPUS CALLOSUM
maintain Homeostasis. - Connects the two Cerebral
3. HIPPOCAMPUS hemispheres of the brain
- Consolidating learning and converts - Made up of more than 200 Million
information to the long-term storage nerve fibers that function as a bridge
regions. for the two hemispheres.
- Capable of neurogenesis. Gray Matter - Thin but tough laminated
Neurogenesis - Production of New Cortices
Neurons which has a significant effect on White Matter - Columns that branch and
learning and memory. extend through the Cortical Layer.

4. AMYGDALA CEREBELLUM
- Known to take part in Emotions, - Convoluted and highly organized
especially fear. - Contains more neurons than all
- Regulates your interactions with other parts of the brain put together
your environment that can help you - Monitors impulses from nerve
survive. endings in the muscles.
- Encodes emotions whenever
memory is kept in the long-term THE NERVE CELLS
storage
- Emotional Element of a memory NEURONS
- Functioning core for the brain and
HYPOTHALAMUS the entire nervous system.
- Triggers the Pituitary Gland - Allows the brain to process the
- Encourage or discourage release of electrical impulses coming from all
other Hormones. over the body
Pituitary Gland - A gland that produce Neurogenesis - Production of new neurons
many different hormones - Consisted of Nucleus, Cell
Body, Dendrites, and Axons
CEREBRUM
- Largest brain structure MYELIN SHEATH
- 80% of the Brain by weight - A Layer that surrounds the axon
Gyri - Folded Bulges in the Brain - Insulates the axon from other cells
Fissures - Deep Furrows in the Brain - Increases the speed of impulse
Sulci - Shallow Furows transmission

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES SYNAPSE

- A small gap between the Synapse of
a neuron.
 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
GLIAL CELLS - manifested when one experiences
- Holds the cells together and filters persistent, uncontrollable
harmful substances from affecting instructions of unwanted thoughts
the neurons. Bipolar Disorder - extreme shifts in mood
LEFT HEMISPHERE - Responsible for ranging from a manic to a
logical thinking depressive state
RIGHT HEMISPHERE - Focused in
intuition Major Depressive Disorder
- Hopelessness, lack of energy in their
HOWARD GARDNER - an American usual activities.
cognitive psychologist is known for his
theory on multiple intelligences. Depression - Diminished interest in all or
almost all of the activities of the day.

Multiple Intelligence - Belief that a single Personality Disorders - A group of mental

measurement cannot represent a person's health conditions that are characterized
cognitive capacity and potential. by inflexible.

Mental Health and Well-being in Paranoid Personality Disorder

Adolescents - demonstrate a pattern of distrust and
suspiciousness on the motives of
MENTAL DISORDER - disturbances of an people around them
individual’s behavioral or psychological
functioning. Anti-Social Personality Disorder
- Individuals disregard or violation of
TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS the rights of the others

Eating Disorders - altered consumption or Histrionic Personality Disorder

absorption of food - show excessive emotionality and
Anorexia Nervosa - self-starvation attention-seeking behaviors
Bulimia Nervosa - a form of binging, or
overeating. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Exhibit a pattern of grandiosity
Anxiety Disorders - Characterized by
excessive fear, worry, and related Avoidant Personality Disorder
behavioral disturbance. - a pattern of social inhibition, feelings
of inadequacy
Phobic Anxiety - fears are seriously
obstructing everyday activities. Dependent Personality Disorder
- a pattern of submissive and clinging
Panic Attacks - a sudden surge of intense behavior
fear or discomfort.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality ❖ Negative emotions - reduce your
Disorder efficiency and motivation.
- Preoccupation with orderliness and
perfectionism EQ or EI - can predict success in social &
emotional situations
Conduct Disorder
- the basic rights of others are violated Types of Responses
Deceitful behavior - Dishonest ❖ Aggressive Response - a
Destructive behavior - Intentional threatening, sarcastic, or humiliating
destruction of property way
❖ Assertive Response - honest &
Schizophrenia respectful way
- bizarre emotions and abnormal
perceptions FOUR TYPES OF LOVE
Delusions - a particular belief or
impression that is firmly maintained 1. Eros - sensual or romantic love
Hallucinations - a sensory experience of 2. Philia - friend
something that does not exist outside the 3. Storge - family love
Mind. 4. Agape - unconditional, God’s love

Substance-Related Disorder Teenage Relationship

- substance abuse and substance - More open and expressive of what
dependence (use of drugs and you think and feel; you are able to
alcohol abuse) share your secrets.
Computer Addiction - excessive use Friendship - Form of relationship between
of the computer or the internet two or more people.

Emotional intelligence - the capacity to Confidants - People whom you can share
understand and manage emotions your thoughts and feelings.

Emotions - your reaction to any stimulus Three Types of Friendship

3 Aspects of Emotion ❖ Acquaintances - occasionally

❖ Companions - same interests
Cognitive - person's appraisal of the through regular interactions
situation ❖ Intimates or Best Friends - give
Physical - body's reaction to feelings or and receive opinions and support
emotions
Behavioral - is the action tendency to deal Types of Peer Groups
with certain emotions
❖ Clique - Smaller members (four to
Types of Emotions six)
❖ Positive emotions - help you become - shares the same interest in
motivated in doing your tasks. clothes, hobbies, etc.
 ❖ Crowd
- Large group of peer with 10
to 20 members.
- Shares similar social
activities such as parties

- Berdnt (1994) said that girls are

more intimate and emotionally
attached to others.
- Furman (1999), it was found that
among girls, having friends as a
source of social support is more
common compared with boys
because girls are more expressive
than boys.

Attraction - action or power of evoking

interest, pleasure, or liking for
someone or something.

Three Phases of Romantic Relationships

1. Discovery of Interest
2. Dating
3. Commitment
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP FAMILY STRUCTURE - tells a lot about
how each member functions inside your
- any relationship between two or house.
more individuals who tend to be less
intimate but may still be exclusive. Types of Family Structure:

SOCIAL INFLUENCE 1. NUCLEAR Family

- brings a change in the beliefs, - composed of married parents and
attitudes, and behavior of persons. their biological or adopted children
living in the same residence.
LEADERSHIP
- influential in 2. SINGLE-PARENT Family
effecting change and realizing - one of the parents died early or
common goals. there is only one parent who took
- involves creating change. the responsibility to raise the
children.
Leadership Style:
3. EXTENDED OR
❖ AUTOCRATIC Leadership MULTIGENERATIONAL Family
- centralizes in authority - two married parents, biological or
adopted children, and other
❖ DEMOCRATIC Leadership members of the family like
- delegates authority to others, ask for grandparents, cousins, aunts, and
suggestions uncles.

❖ LAISSEZ-FAIRE Leadership 4. BLENDED OR RECONSTITUTED

- leaves the group to its own capacity Family
to finish its tasks - stepfamily members.

FOLLOWERSHIP PARENTING STYLES: Parenting an

- for a society to be peaceful, orderly, adolescent is not an easy task because of
and productive, members must be the critical developmental task or the
willing to follow. formation of identity.
- relationship between leaders and
followers should show reciprocity or ❖ Authoritarian/Autocratic
the mutual exchange of influence - enforcing rules and disciplinary
(Bass, 1990) measures.
- a desired follower show initiative, - children raised in this style often feel
self-reliance, and commitment, rejected.
Chaleff (1997)
❖ Authoritative
FAMILY - our source of love and strength. - more flexible style of raising children
 - parents in this style are more
responsive to the emotional needs of CAREER GROWTH
their children. - Career Development
- Your distinct characteristics for work
❖ Permissive are formed.
- responsive to the emotional needs Goal: develop the person to match
of the child but are reluctant to their characteristics.
impose rules.
❖ Uninvolved or negligent CAREER CHOICE - One’s preference of
- parents provide little structure, what career he/she wants to pursue.
support, and guidance to their Factors Influencing One’s Career Choice:
children because they are focused
on meeting their own needs and PERSONALITY - one’s traits and
wants. characteristics.
VALUES - principles or standards
FAMILY LEGACIES - the beliefs, values, INTEREST - activities that you enjoy doing
and traditions that were passed on from SKILLS - abilities or proficiencies
generation to generation. ATTITUDES - how you view things or
situations around you
❖ EMOTIONAL Legacy
- acceptance, unconditional love Personality Traits and Career Options:
expressed in active listening and
being open to one’s thoughts. ❖ REALISTIC TYPE
- activities that are related to creating
❖ SOCIAL Legacy and manipulating things by hand.
- respecting self and others, (Automobile, Aircraft Control, Farming)
responsibility, accountability, and
setting social boundaries. ❖ INVESTIGATIVE TYPE
- activities that involve the
❖ SPIRITUAL Legacy Scientific Method and Investigation.
- acknowledging Jesus as your Lord (Biologist, Chemist, Physicist)
and Savior,
❖ ARTISTIC TYPE
PERSONS AND CAREERS - expression of freedom and
originality is important to enjoy
CAREER “Occupation” activities.
- allows you to use your knowledge, (Stage Designer, Orchestra Member,
skills, potential, or abilities acquired. Composer, Musician, Interior Designer)

Job: Activities or tasks that you do ❖ SOCIAL TYPE

or have to do whether you are paid - development, enlightenment, and
or not. welfare of others is their main
Career: Lifelong vocation that is concern.
planned. (Teacher, Counselor, Social Worker, Trainer)
 ❖ ENTERPRISING TYPE
- influence, convince or persuade
others to achieve organizational and
economic growth.
(Businessman, Salesman, Sports Promoter)

❖ CONVENTIONAL TYPE
- structured, accurate, and orderly
activities.
(Bookkeeper, Accountant, Secretary)

External Factors Influencing One’s

Career Choices:

FAMILY - choice of career influenced by

your parents and elder siblings.

PEER GROUP - a strong impact on the

influence of peers on career choice.

FINANCIAL ECONOMIC CONDITION

- financial Capacity to pay tuition.

MASS MEDIA - what you see on TV or

Movies

CAREER PATH - the series of positions that

an employee in the organization has held.

4 Types of Career Paths

❖ Steady State – Fixed Improvement

in Knowledge and skills

❖ Linear Path – Upward Movement

❖ Transitory Path – Continuous

Movement in a career

❖ Spiral Path – Regular Changes in

one’s job.