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    Lecture 1 Well Test

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    Mostafa Mohamad
    This document discusses well test objectives and concepts. It aims to determine reservoir pressure, permeability, skin factor, deliverability, pore volume, and radius of investigation. Skin factor is caused by wellbore damage reducing permeability near the wellbore. Effective wellbore radius accounts for skin factor. Drilling fluid, production, injection and geometric effects can damage the formation and change permeability over time. The radius of investigation measures how far pressure transients travel from the well during a test.

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    Lecture 1 Well Test

    Uploaded by

    Mostafa Mohamad
    24 views18 pages
    This document discusses well test objectives and concepts. It aims to determine reservoir pressure, permeability, skin factor, deliverability, pore volume, and radius of investigation. Skin factor is caused by wellbore damage reducing permeability near the wellbore. Effective wellbore radius accounts for skin factor. Drilling fluid, production, injection and geometric effects can damage the formation and change permeability over time. The radius of investigation measures how far pressure transients travel from the well during a test.

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    Well test engineer

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    Lecture 1 well test

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    This document discusses well test objectives and concepts. It aims to determine reservoir pressure, permeability, skin factor, deliverability, pore volume, and radius of investigation. Skin factor is caused by wellbore damage reducing permeability near the wellbore. Effective wellbore radius accounts for skin factor. Drilling fluid, production, injection and geometric effects can damage the formation and change permeability over time. The radius of investigation measures how far pressure transients travel from the well during a test.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views18 pages

    Lecture 1 Well Test

    Uploaded by

    Mostafa Mohamad
    This document discusses well test objectives and concepts. It aims to determine reservoir pressure, permeability, skin factor, deliverability, pore volume, and radius of investigation. Skin factor is caused by wellbore damage reducing permeability near the wellbore. Effective wellbore radius accounts for skin factor. Drilling fluid, production, injection and geometric effects can damage the formation and change permeability over time. The radius of investigation measures how far pressure transients travel from the well during a test.

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    Lecture 1

    Introduction
    Dr. Sayed Gomaa
    The British University in Egypt
    2020/2021
    Room: B15-101
    Why Well Test
    The main objectives of well test:
    ▪ To determine the average reservoir pressure .
    ▪ To estimate the formation permeability.
    ▪ To estimate skin factor (near-wellbore conditions).
    ▪ To evaluate formation deliverability
    ▪ To determine the pore volume.
    ▪ To determine the radius of investigation.
    ▪ Others (faults, flow geometry, interference, etc.)
    Reservoir Model

    Skin Effect
    Bulk
    formation
    Altered
    zone

    ka h k
    rw

    ra
    Reservoir Pressure Profile
    2,000
    Pressure, psi

    1,500

    1,000
    Dps

    500
    1 10 100 1,000 10,000
    Distance from center of wellbore, ft
    Skin Factor
    • Wellbore damage
    • Reducing the permeability around the
    wellbore.
    • Skin zone
    • The region of altered permeability.
    • This zone can extend from a few inches to
    several feet from the wellbore.
    Skin Factor
    ∆𝑝𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 = ∆𝑝 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑢 𝑡𝑜 𝑘𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 − ∆𝑝 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑑𝑢 𝑡𝑜 𝑘

    𝑞𝑜 𝐵𝑜 𝜇𝑜 𝑟𝑠 𝑞𝑜 𝐵𝑜 𝜇𝑜 𝑟𝑠
    ∆𝑝𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 = ln − ln
    0.00708ℎ𝑘𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑤 0.00708ℎ𝑘 𝑟𝑤

    𝑞𝑜 𝐵𝑜 𝜇𝑜 𝑘 𝑟𝑠
    ∆𝑝𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 = − 1 ln
    0.00708𝑘ℎ 𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑤

    141.2𝑞𝑜 𝐵𝑜 𝜇𝑜
    ∆𝑝𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠
    𝑘ℎ

    𝑘 𝑟𝑠
    𝑠= − 1 ln
    𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑤
    Reservoir Pressure Profile

    2,000

    S = - (stimulation)
    Pressure,
    psi (s =0)

    S = + (damage)

    500
    1 10 100 1,000 10,000
    Distance from center of wellbore, ft
    Example
    Calculate the skin factor resulting from the invasion of the drilling fluid to a
    radius of 2 ft. The permeability of the skin zone is estimated at 20 md as
    compared with the unaffected formation permeability of 60 md. The wellbore
    radius is 0.25 ft.

    Solution
    𝑘 𝑟𝑠
    𝑠= − 1 ln
    𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑤

    60 2
    𝑠= − 1 ln = 4.16
    20 0.25
    Effective Wellbore Radius
    •If the permeability in the altered zone is
    much larger than the formation
    permeability, then the wellbore will act like
    a well having an apparent wellbore radius
    rwa.
    •The apparent wellbore radius may be
    calculated from the actual wellbore radius
    and the skin factor.
    𝑘 𝑟𝑠
    𝑠= − 1 ln
    𝑘𝑠 𝑟𝑤
    Effective Wellbore Radius

     rwa 
    s = − ln 
     w 
    r

    −s
    rwa  rwe
    Drilling Fluid Damage
    Fines may clog pore
    throats, reducing
    effective permeability

    Filtrate may cause


    clays to swell,
    causing damage
    Production Damage

    P > Pb P < Pb

    Oil Reservoir

    Free gas reduces


    effective permeability
    Production Damage

    P > Pd P < Pd

    Gas Condensate
    Reservoir
    Immobile condensate
    ring reduces
    effective permeability
    Injection Damage

    ‘dirty’ incompatible
    water water
    Converging Flow to Perforations

    Geometric Skin
    Partial Penetration

    hp

    Geometric Skin
    Radius of investigation

    ▪ The radius of investigation is the effective


    distance traveled by the pressure transients, as
    measured from the tested well.
    kt
    rinv = 0.0325
    ϕμct
    Thank YOU

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