Faculty of Engineering

Ultrasonic Radar(TASK 3 report)

Presented by
Name section BN Grade
Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Al Hassan 24 4
Mohamed Osama Abd AL hafez Mohamed 24 16
Mohamed Osama Mohamed Haassan 24 17
Mohamed AL Mujtaba Ahmed AL Basheer 24 34
Mohamed Bashar Mohamed Ahmed 24 52
Mohamed AL Tayeb Mohamed Ali 24 65
Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Tahir 24 67
Mohamed AL Mujtaba Khalel 24 70
Mohamed Almunzir Hayder Mohamed 24 73
Submitted to: ENG/YASSER HAMED
Project Desing :
Today’s the developing world shows various adventures in every field. In each field the small requirements are
very essential to develop big calculations. By using different sources we can modify it as our requirements and
implement in various field. In earlier days the measurements are generally occur through measuring devices.
But now a day’s digitalization as is on height.

Therefore we use a proper display unit for measurement of distance. We can use sources such as sound waves
which are known as ultrasonic waves using ultrasonic sensors and convert this sound wave for the
measurement of various units such as distance, speed. This technique of distance measurement using ultrasonic
in air includes continuous pulse echo method, a burst of pulse is sent for transmission medium and is reflected
by an object kept at specific distance. The time taken for the soundwave to propagate from transmitter to
receiver is proportional to the distance of the object. In this distance measurement system we had ultrasonic
sensor HC-SR04 interfaced with arduinoUnoR3. Programming and hardware part of ultrasonic sensor interfacing
with arduino UnoR3.

BLOCK DIAGRAM To explain the design method

-System Description
The basic principle of operation A radar is an electromagnetic sensor that is used to detect and locate an object.

Radio waves or microwaves are radiated out from the radar into free space. Some of these

waves are intercepted by reflecting objects.

These intercepted radio waves hit the target and are reflected in many different directions.

Some of these waves can be directed back toward the radar, where they are received and

amplified.

If these waves are received again at their origin, then it means an object is in the

propagation direction.

The modern radar system is very advanced and used in highly diverse applications such as

Air traffic control, Air-defence system, radar Astronomy, Antimissile system, Outer space

Surveillance system, and many more.

What is Ultrasonic Sensor?

An ultrasonic sensor is a proximity sensor that is used to measure the distance of a target or

object. It detects the object by transmitting ultrasonic waves and converts the reflected

waves into an electrical signal. These sound waves travel faster than the speed of the sound

that humans can hear.

What is Servo Motor?

The servo motor is a simple DC motor that can be controlled for specific angular rotation

with the help of additional servomechanism. This motor will only rotate as much we want

and then stop. The servo motor is a closed-loop mechanism that uses positional feedback to

control the speed and position.

This closed-loop system includes a control circuit, servo motor, shaft, potentiometer, drive

gears, amplifier, and either an encoder or resolver.

What is Servo Motor?

The servo motor is a simple DC motor that can be controlled for specific angular rotation

with the help of additional servomechanism. This motor will only rotate as much we want

and then stop. The servo motor is a closed-loop mechanism that uses positional feedback to

control the speed and position.

This closed-loop system includes a control circuit, servo motor, shaft, potentiometer, drive

gears, amplifier, and either an encoder or resolver.

Hardware Connection

The below image shows the connection of the Arduino radar project. The connections are

very simple. Here, we have interfaced the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor with an Arduino

Uno. The connection details are,

Arduino Uno Ultrasonic Sensor Servo Motor

Software Connection:

Now everything depends in coding or in genral in software, here we will explain the code that we use to design the
Rader

Output

After uploading the code, the servo motors start running from 0 to 180 degrees and again

back to 0 degrees. An ultrasonic sensor also rotates along with the servo as it is mounted on

the motor.

Now, open the processing application and paste the above code. In this code, update

the COM port number where your Arduino board is connected.

Now, run this processing code. If your code is right then, you will get a new window. This is

the graphical representation of data from the Ultrasonic Sensor is represented in a radar

type display.

If an ultrasonic sensor detects any object within its range, you can see the same on the

graphical representation. The below gif shows the output of the Arduino radar project.

-Necessary background
Ultrasonic is a non-contact level measurement method that uses sound
waves to determine the process material being measured. Ultrasonic
transmitters operate by sending a sound wave, generated from a piezo
electric transducer, to the media being measured.
The device measures the length of time it takes for the reflected sound
wave to return to the transducer. A successful measurement depends on
reflection from the process material in a straight line back to the
transducer.
However, there are various influences that affect the return signal.
Factors such as dust, heavy vapors, tank obstructions, surface
turbulence, foam and even surface angles can affect the returning signal.
That is why the conditions that determine the characteristics of sound
must be considered when using Ultrasonic measurement.

-Ultrasonic radar components:

1) Arduino uno:
Specifications:
Microcontroller AT mega328p

Input Voltage(recommended) 7-12v

Input Voltage (limit) 6-20v

Digital I/o pins 14(of which 6 provide PWM out put)

PWM Digital I/o pins 6

Male To Female Jumper Wire
Current 4-20 mA
Voltage 12 V
Rated Pressure 25 kPA
Pitch 2.54 mm
Cable Length 20 cm - 8 Inch
Weight 30 gm

References:
http://blog.sparkfuneducation.com

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318377591_Design_of_Ultrasonic_Radar