Permutations & Combinations

Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Contents:
 Permutation & Combinations Concepts

 Factorial Numerical

 Permutation Numerical

 Combination Numerical
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Permutation & Combination Concepts:

Definitions:

 Permutation: Number of ways in which a number of thing can be put in an order or arranged.

 Combination: Number of ways in which a number of thing can be put in without order or unarranged.

Process Select Arrange

Permutation Yes Yes
Combination Yes No
Factorial No Yes

 ‘n’ things can be arranged in ‘n!’ in linear way while in ‘(n-1)!’ in circular way.

𝒏!
 Permutation: 𝒏𝑷𝒓 =
(𝒏−𝒓)!

𝒏!
 Combination: 𝒏𝑪𝒓 =
𝒏−𝒓 ! × 𝒓!

 E.g. Select 3 balls out of 5 balls. Then Combination is used as 𝟓𝑪𝟑

 E.g. Select 3 balls and arrange in a 5 vacant positions. Then Combination is used as 𝟓𝑷𝟑
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Permutation & Combination Concepts:

 OR means addition and AND means multiplication. 𝟑!
 𝟑𝑷𝟐 = =𝟔
(𝟑−𝟐)!
 0! = 1
OR
 1! = 1
 𝟑𝑷𝟐 = 3 2
𝒏!
 𝒏𝑷𝟎 = =𝟏
(𝒏−𝟎)! 𝟑!
 𝟑 𝑪𝟐 = =𝟑
(𝟑−𝟐)!𝟐!
𝒏!
 𝒏𝑪𝟎 = =𝟏
(𝒏−𝟎)!𝟎! OR

𝒏!  𝟑𝑪𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟐 = 𝟑
 𝒏𝑷𝒏 = = 𝒏!
(𝒏−𝒏)!
 𝟓 𝑪𝟑 = 𝟓 𝑪𝟐
𝒏!
 𝒏𝑪𝒏 = =𝟏
(𝒏−𝒏)!𝒏!

𝒏! 𝒏×(𝒏−𝟏)!
 𝒏𝑷𝟏 = = =𝒏
(𝒏−𝟏)! (𝒏−𝟏)!

𝒏! 𝒏×(𝒏−𝟏)!
 𝒏𝑪𝟏 = = =𝒏
(𝒏−𝟏)!𝟏! (𝒏−𝟏)!𝟏!
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Factorial Numericals:
Q_1: How many words can be formed with the help of letter of word “PENCIL”?
Sol: PENCIL = 6 words with no repetition
Result => 𝟔! = 𝟔 × 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎

Q_2: How many words can be formed with the help of letter of word “GURUGRAM”?
Sol: G U R U G R A M
Words => 8! = 𝟖 × 𝟕 × 𝟕𝟐𝟎
Repetition => 𝟐! × 𝟐! × 𝟐! = 𝟖
𝟖×𝟕×𝟕𝟐𝟎
Result => = 𝟓𝟎𝟒𝟎
𝟖

Q_3: How many words can be formed with the help of letter of word “SUCCESS”?
Sol: S U C C E S S
Words => 7! = 𝟕 × 𝟕𝟐𝟎
Repetition => 𝟑! × 𝟐! = 𝟔 × 𝟐
𝟕×𝟕𝟐𝟎
Result => = 𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟔×𝟐
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Factorial Numericals:
Q_4: How many words can be formed with “LUCKNOW” in such a way that all the words starts with C and end with U?
Sol: C L K N O W U
Words => 𝟓! = 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
Repetition => No
Result => 𝟏𝟐𝟎

Q_5: How many words can be formed with “COFFEE” in such a way that all the words starts with O and end with C?
Sol: O F F E E C
Words => 𝟒! = 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒
Repetition => 𝟐! × 𝟐! = 𝟒
𝟐𝟒
Result => =𝟔
𝟒

Q_6: How many words can be formed with “INTELLIGENT” ?

Sol: I N T E L L I G E N T
𝟏𝟏!
Result => = 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟐!×𝟐!×𝟐!×𝟐!×𝟐!
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Factorial Numericals:
Q_7: How many words can be formed with “KESHAV” in such a way that: (i) if there is no restrictions?
Sol: K E S H A V
Words => 𝟔! = 𝟔 × 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎
Repetition => No
Result => 𝟕𝟐𝟎

Q_7: “KESHAV” : (ii) All word start with K?

Sol: K E S H A V
Words => 𝟓! = 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
Repetition => No
Result => 𝟏𝟐𝟎

Q_7: “KESHAV” : (iii) Word start with K and end with V?

Sol: K E S H A V
Words => 𝟒! = 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒
Repetition => No
Prof. Shashant Jaykar Vowels – ‘a’ ‘e’ ‘i’ ‘o’ ‘u’
Consonants – remaining 21 letters

Factorial Numericals:
Q_7: How many words can be formed with “KESHAV” in such a way that: (iv) all the vowels are together?
Sol: AE K S H V
Words => 𝟓! = 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
Vowels can be arranged in 2! Ways = 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐
Result => 𝟐𝟒𝟎

Q_7: “KESHAV” : (v) all the consonants are together?

Sol: KSHV A V
Words => 𝟑! = 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟔
Consonants can be arranged in 4! Ways = 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒
Result => 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒

Q_7: “KESHAV” : (vi) All the vowels are together and all the consonants are together?
Sol: AE KSHV
Words => 𝟐! = 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐
Result => 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟗𝟔
Vowels => 𝟐! = 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐
Consonants => 𝟒! = 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Numericals:
Q_7: How many words can be formed with “KESHAV” in such a way that: (vii) vowels are never together?
Sol: vowels together = 240
Result => 𝟔! − 𝟐𝟒𝟎 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎 − 𝟐𝟒𝟎 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎

Q_7: “KESHAV” : (viii) the vowels occupy the even place?

Sol: _ _ _

Three even places and two vowels (EA) => 𝟑𝑷𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟔

Vowels can be arranged in 2! Ways = 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐

Consonants can be arranged in 4! Ways = 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒
Result => 𝟔 × 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖

Q_7: “KESHAV” : (ix) How many different ways can be letter of the word be rearranged?
Sol:
KESHAV is already given in question = 1
Result => 𝟕𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏 = 𝟕𝟏𝟗
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Factorial Numericals:
Q_8: How many words can be formed with “SUCCESS” such that all the words start and end with vowels?
Sol: U S C C S S E
Words => 𝟓! = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
Repetition in words => 𝟑! × 𝟐! = 𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
Vowels are arranged in => 𝟐! = 𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝟎×𝟐
Result => = 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐

Q_9: How many words can be formed with “COCONUT” such that all the words start and end with vowels?
Sol: O C O C N T U
Words => 𝟓! = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
Repetition in words => 𝟐! = 𝟐

Vowels (OOU) are selected and arranged in =>𝟑𝑷𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟔

Repetition in vowels => 𝟐! = 𝟐

𝟏𝟐𝟎×𝟔
Result => = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟐×𝟐
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Numericals:
Q_10: How many words can be formed with “COFFEE” such that all the vowels come together?
Sol: OEE C F F
Words => 𝟒! = 𝟐𝟒
Repetition in words => 𝟐! = 𝟐
Vowels => 𝟑! = 𝟔
Repetition in Vowels => 𝟐! = 𝟐
𝟐𝟒×𝟔
Result => = 𝟑𝟔
𝟐×𝟐

Q_11: How many words can be formed with “SHASHANT” such that all the vowels came together?
Sol: AA S H S H N T
Words => 𝟕! = 𝟕 × 𝟕𝟐𝟎
Repetition in words => 𝟐! × 𝟐! = 𝟒

Vowels (AA) are arranged in => 𝟐! = 𝟐

Repetition in vowels => 𝟐! = 𝟐

𝟕×𝟕𝟐𝟎×𝟐
Result => = 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎
Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Numericals:
Q_12: A team of 5 children is to be selected out of 4 girls and 5 boys such that it contains at least 2 girls. In how many ways can
a selection is made?

Sol: at least 2 girls = 2 Girls OR 3 Girls OR 4 Girls

Total possible ways=> 𝟒𝑪𝟐 × 𝟓𝑪𝟑 + 𝟒𝑪𝟑 × 𝟓𝑪𝟐 + 𝟒𝑪𝟒 × 𝟓𝑪𝟏

Total possible ways=> 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟒 + 𝟒 × 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟒 + 𝟏 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓

Q_13: A trekking group is to be formed having 6 members. They are to be selected from 3 girls, 4 boys and 5 teachers. In how
many ways can the group be formed so that there are 3 teachers and 3 boys or 2 girls and 4 teachers?

Sol: Total possible ways=> 𝟓𝑪𝟑 × 𝟒𝑪𝟑 + 𝟑𝑪𝟐 × 𝟓𝑪𝟒

Total possible ways=> 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟒 + 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟓𝟓

Q_14: There are 35 people in a group. There are 12 school girls, 10 school boys, 5 senior citizens and 8 babies in the group. The
organizer wants to select a school girl or a school boy as a leader in the group. In how many ways can he do so?

Sol: Total possible ways=> 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝑪𝟏

Total possible ways=> 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟐

Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Numericals:
Q_15: How many 3 digit number can be arranged with the help of digits 1,2,3 & 4 while repetition of any number is not allowed?
Sol: 4 (1,2,3,4) 3 (2,3,4) 2 (3,4)
Possible ways => 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒

Q_16: How many 4 digit number can be arranged with the help of digits 0,1,2,3 & 4 while repetition of any number is not
allowed?
Sol: starting with ‘0’ cannot be a 4 digit number.
4 (1,2,3,4) 4 (0,2,3,4) 3 (2,3,4) 2 (3,4)
Possible ways => 𝟒 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟗𝟔

Q_17: Without repetitions using digits 2,3,4,5,6,8 & 0, how many numbers can be made which lie between 500 and 1000?
Sol: 500 – 1000 = 3 digits.
3 (5,6,8) 6 (6,8,2,3,4,0) 5 (8,2,3,4,0)
Possible ways => 𝟑 × 𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝟗𝟎

Q_18: A bank account number is 6 digits with no repetition. The first and last digit is 4 & 7 resply. How many number possible?
Sol: 4 8 (0,1,2,3,5,6,8,9) 7 (1,2,3,5,6,8,9) 6 (2,3,5,6,8,9) 5 (3,5,6,8,9) 7

Possible ways => 𝟖 × 𝟕 × 𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎

Prof. Shashant Jaykar

Numericals:
Q_19: How many 4 digit number can be arranged with the help of 1,3,0,4,7,9,6 while repetition of any number is not allowed?
Sol: 6 (1,3,4,7,9,6) 6 (0,3,4,7,9,6) 5 (3,4,7,9,6) 4 (4,7,9,6)
Possible ways => 𝟔 × 𝟔 × 𝟓 × 𝟒 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎

Q_20: How many 4 digits even number can be arranged with the help of digits 1,3,4,7,9 & 6 while repetition of any number is not
allowed?
Sol: Last two digits should be 4 or 6.
5 (1,3,7,9,6) 4 (3,7,9,6) 3 (7,9,6) 4
Possible ways => 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟔𝟎

5 (1,3,4,7,9) 4 (3,4,7,9) 3 (4,7,9) 6

Possible ways => 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟔𝟎

Total => 60 + 60 = 120