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Organic Krishna
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IUPAC & COMMON NAMES

i) Geminal di halides: two halogen atoms are bonded to the same carbon.

ii) Vicinal dihalides: two halogen atoms are bonded to adjacent carbons.
Br
H2C CH2
H3C CH
Br Br Br

Geminal di bromide Vicinal dihalides

iii) Allylic halides → Compounds containing halogen atom bonded to an allylic carbon

iv) Benzylic halides:

H2C X

(v) Vinylic halides → Compounds containing halogen atom bonded to a vinylic carbon

(vi) Aryl halides → Compounds containing halogen atom bonded to

an sp2 hybridised carbon atom of an aromatic ring

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S.No Structure Common Name IUPAC Name

1 H3C CH3
n-pentane pentane

2 CH3 iso-pentane 2-methyl pentane

CH3
H3C
3 CH3 neo-pentane 2,2- dimethyl pentane

H3C CH3
CH3
4 Cl 2o- pentyl chloride 2- chloro pentane

H3C CH3
5 CH3 3o-pentyl chloride 2- chloro 2 methyl butane
CH3
H3 C
Cl
6 Cl n-pentyl chloride 1- chloro pentane
H3C C
H2
7 H3C Cl Iso-pentyl chloride 1 - chloro 3 methyl butane

H3C
8 CH3 neo-pentyl chloride 1-chloro 2,2- dimethyl propane
H3C
C Cl

CH3
9 Methylene chloride Dichloromethane
CH2Cl2
10 Benzyl chloride Chlorophenylmethane
CH2Cl

11 Hydroquinone or Quinol Benzene-1,4-diol

HO OH

12 o-Cresol 2-Methylphenol
OH

CH3
13 C6H5OCH2CH3 Ethylphenyl ether Ethoxybenzene

14 Ph-O-CH3 Methylphenyl ether Methoxybenzene (Anisole)

(Anisole)
15 C6H5O(CH2)6 − CH3 Heptylphenyl ether 1-Phenoxyheptane

16 HCHO Formaldehyde Methanal

17 CH3CHO Acetaldehyde Ethanal

18 (CH3)2CHCHO Isobutyraldehyde 2-Methylpropanal

19 CH2= CHCHO Acrolein Prop-2-enal

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20 CHO
Phthaldehyde Benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde

CHO

21 CHO Salicylaldehyde 2-hydroxybenzenecarbaldehyde

OH

H3C C C CHO Crotanaldehyde But-2-enal

H H
(aldol product)
22 Cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal
C C CHO
H H

Cinnamic acid 3-phenyl prop-2-oic acid

C C COOH
H H

23 O Acetone Propanone
H3C C CH3
24 O Acetophenone Phenyl ethanone
C CH3

25 O benzophenone Diphenylmethanone
C

26 COOH Salicylic acid 2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic

acid
OH

27 HCOOH Formic acid Methanoic acid

28 CH3COOH Acetic acid Ethanoic acid

29 HOOC-COOH Oxalic acid Ethanedioic acid

30 HOOC −CH2-COOH Malonic acid Propanedioic acid

HOOC −(CH2)2-COOH Succinic acid Butanedioic acid

HOOC −(CH2)3-COOH Glutaric acid Pentanedioic acid

HOOC −(CH2)4-COOH Adipic acid Hexanedioic acid

31 COOH Benzoic acid Benzenecarboxylic acid (Benzoic

acid)

32 CH2COOH Phenylacetic acid 2-Phenylethanoic acid

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33 COOH Phthalic acid Benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid

COOH
34 O Acetyl chloride Ethanoyl chloride
H3C C Cl
35 O O Aceticanhydride Ethanoicanhydride
H3C C O C CH3
36 O Benzoyl chloride Benzenecarbonylchloride
C Cl

37 O O Benzoicanhydride Benzenecarboxyanhydride
C O C

38 O Ethyl benzoate Ethyl benzene carboxylate

H2
C O C CH3

39 CH3−CH2−NH2 Ethylamine Ethanamine

40 H Isopropylamine Propan-2-amine
H3C C CH3
NH2
41 H Ethylmethylamine N-Methylethanamine
H3C N CH2-CH3

42 H3C N CH3 Trimethylamine N,N-Dimethylmethanamine

CH3
43 NH2 Aniline Aniline or Benzenamine

44 NH2 o-Toluidine 2-Aminotoluene

CH3

45 H 3C CH3 N,N-Dimethylaniline N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine

N

TYPES OF AMINES
NH3

H3C NH2 H3C N CH3 H3C N CH3

o
(1 ) H o
CH3
(2 ) (3o)

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