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Classification of Materials 1

This lab report describes tests that can be used to identify and classify metals based on their physical properties. It outlines 7 types of tests - chip, magnetism, surface appearance, spark, sound, ductility, and hardness - that can differentiate metals. Metals are then classified as either ferrous, containing iron, or nonferrous. Examples are provided of common metals in each class like steel alloys, aluminum, and copper. The report concludes with brief descriptions of 10 nonferrous metals highlighting their colors, properties, and applications.

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98 views4 pages

Classification of Materials 1

This lab report describes tests that can be used to identify and classify metals based on their physical properties. It outlines 7 types of tests - chip, magnetism, surface appearance, spark, sound, ductility, and hardness - that can differentiate metals. Metals are then classified as either ferrous, containing iron, or nonferrous. Examples are provided of common metals in each class like steel alloys, aluminum, and copper. The report concludes with brief descriptions of 10 nonferrous metals highlighting their colors, properties, and applications.

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LAB REPORT NO.

11

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF METALS BY PHYSICAL TEST LIKE SOUND, COLOR, MAGNETIC
ETC TESTS

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF METALS BY


PHYSICAL TEST LIKE SOUND, COLOR, MAGNETIC ETC
TESTS
Objectives:
Identifying and classifying different types of metals.
TYPES OF TEST:
1. Chip Test: Used to differentiate between soft and hard metals.
2. Magnetism: Used to identify ferrous from nonferrous metals.
3. Surface Appearance: Metals are distinguished by their colours.
4. The Spark Test: In this test, ferrous and nonferrous metals are identified by
changing percent carbon age by spark.
5. Sound test: Metal identification by varying the pitch of various metals.
6. Ductility: It is used to identify metals based on differences in ductility.
7. Hardness test: It is used to distinguish between metals based on differences in
hardness.
Metals can also be recognized by inspecting fractures, performing melting and
burning tests, and weighing them.
Metal Classification:
Metals are classified into two types:
A. Ferrous Metals.
B. Nonferrous Metals.

A. Ferrous Metals:

1. Wrought Iron:
It contains iron and iron silicate, which is known as slag. It is an iron that is
pure, soft, and ductile.
2. Gray Cast Iron:
Because it gets rough after molding, a sand mold is utilized for this kind.
It has a Fibers-like look. The carbon percentage is greater than 2%.
3. White Cast Iron:
Its mold is composed of steel, so it softens and smoothens after molding.
More than 2% carbon percentage
4. Mild Steel:
It's soft and readily forged. Carbon content ranges between 0.05 and 0.3
percent. It has a melting point of 2700oF.
5. Tool Steel:
It's made of high carbon steel. It contains 0.6-2 percent carbon. It is used in the
manufacture of tools.
6. High Carbon Steel:
It's found in tools. 0.6 to 2 percent C. It is extremely hard and has a high
abrasion resistance.
7. High-Speed Steel:
It contains alloy and steel. It is used to move instruments such as drill bits.
8. Stainless Steel:
It is classed according to chromium percentage. It is corrosion/rust resistant.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3


Based On Chromium Artensite Ferritic Steel
8 – 18% Chromium 12-18% C % 0.08 – 0.2

B. Nonferrous Metals:
1. Aluminum:
It's a silvery white colour. It is pliable and flexible. It has 80% the strength of
steel. It weighs around one-third that of steel.
2. Brass:
It is pale yellow in colour. It is a copper and zinc alloy. It is utilised in the
fabrication of pipes, welding, and radiators.
3. Bronze:
It is a dark yellow colour. It is a copper-tin alloy. It's utilised to make valves,
springs, and pistons.
4. Copper:
It has a reddish brown tint. It is an excellent electrical conductor. It is pliable
and ductile.

5. Lead:
It is blue white in colour. It is the softest, most malleable, and heaviest common
metal. It is a poor electrical conductor.
6. Magnesium:
It is silver in color. It is a very light metal. It is utilised in the bulk moving
machine.
7. Nickel:
It is silver in colour. It has great oxidation and corrosion resistance. It is usually
difficult.
8. Titanium:
It's a silvery grey colour. It is made of steel. It's utilised in aeroplanes.
9. Tungsten:
It is grey in colour. It is quite difficult. It is utilised in the welding of tungsten
inert gas.
10.Zinc:
It is bluish white in colour. It is a brittle, hard metal. It has great oxidation and
corrosion resistance.

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