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Conversion Function

The document discusses various Oracle date functions - TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_TIMESTAMP, TO_NUMBER, EXTRACT, and CAST. TO_CHAR converts dates, numbers or timestamps to character strings. TO_DATE converts character strings to dates. TO_TIMESTAMP converts strings to dates with times. TO_NUMBER converts strings to numbers. EXTRACT extracts specific date fields like year, month from dates. CAST converts between data types.

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23 views

Conversion Function

The document discusses various Oracle date functions - TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_TIMESTAMP, TO_NUMBER, EXTRACT, and CAST. TO_CHAR converts dates, numbers or timestamps to character strings. TO_DATE converts character strings to dates. TO_TIMESTAMP converts strings to dates with times. TO_NUMBER converts strings to numbers. EXTRACT extracts specific date fields like year, month from dates. CAST converts between data types.

Uploaded by

kvigneshk2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONVERSION FUNCTION:

TO_CHAR
TO_DATE
TO_TIMESTAMP
TO_NUMBER
EXTRACT
CAST

TO_CHAR:

(i)It is accept two arguments.


(ii)TO_CHAR function is used to convert a value of a date, number, or timestamp
data type to a character string.

SYNTAX:
TO_CHAR(value, format)

value --- The value you want to convert to a character string(ie


date,number,timestamp)
format --- How the value should be displayed as a string.

select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'YYYY-MM-DD') from dual;

YYYY : Four-digit year.


YEAR : Year in text(Twenty Twenty-Three)

MM : Month (01-12).
MON :JAN
MONTH:JANUARY

DD : Date of the month (01-31).


DAY : Day of the week (Sunday,Monday,..Saturday).
DY : SUN,MON,TUE
HH : Hours(1-12)
MI : Minutes (00-59).
SS : Seconds (00-59).
HH24 : Hour of the day in 24-hour format (00-23).
AM or PM: AM/PM indicator for 12-hour time format.

select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'YEAR') from dual;


select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'DD MONTH YYYY') from dual;
select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;
select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'HH24:MI:SS') from dual;
select TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS:FF') from dual; --- date format not
recognized
select TO_CHAR(systimestamp, 'HH:MI:SS:FF') from dual;
select TO_CHAR(systimestamp, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS:FF') from dual;

select TO_CHAR('14-04-10','DD-MM-YY') from dual; --invalid number

/*Here we do not give hard coded value like this '14-04-10' and
our input date should match with oracle default date format. So we use TO_DATE()
function. After then we convert Desired format Using TO_CHAR()*/

select TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SYSDATE,'DD-MM-YY'),'DDth MONTH, YYYY') from dual;


select TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(HIRE_DATE,'DD-MM-YY'),'DDth MONTH, YYYY') from employees;
select TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('14-04-10','DD-MM-YY'),'DD-MM-YY') from dual;
select TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('14-apr-01','dd-mon-yy'),'DDD') from dual;

select hire_date,TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(HIRE_DATE,'DD-MM-YY'),'DD DAY MONTH, YYYY')


joining_date from employees;
select * from employees where TO_CHAR(hire_date,'dy')='mon';
select TO_CHAR(hire_date,'dy') Joining_day,E.* from employees E where
TO_CHAR(hire_date,'dy')='mon';

TO_DATE:

(i)It is accept two arguments.


(ii)TO_DATE function is used to convert a character string to oracle default date
format(DD-MM-YY).

select 'september 24 1999',TO_DATE('september 24 1999','month dd yyyy') from dual;


select '24/09/1999',TO_DATE('24/09/1999','dd/mm/yyyy') from dual;
select '24.09.1999',TO_DATE('24.09.1999','dd.mm.yyyy') from dual;

SYNTAX:
TO_DATE(string, format)

select TO_DATE('05-15-23','MM-DD-YY') from dual;


select TO_DATE('14-05-23','DD/MM/YY') from dual;
select TO_DATE('14-05-23','DD.MM.YY') from dual;

(to maintain same date format accross the table)

select * from v$version;

create table t1(id number,name varchar2(30),joining_date date);


insert into t1 values(20,'bala','10-12-1977');
insert into t1 values(30,'catherine','28-apr-21');
insert into t1 values(40,'Harry','18-september-21');
select * from t1;
insert into t1 values(70,'Dravid',TO_DATE('24-june-23','DD-MM-YY'));
insert into t1 values(90,'Ezhil',TO_DATE('07-august-10','DD-MM-YY'));
insert into t1 values(42,'Gokul',TO_DATE('18-september-15','DD-MM-YY'));

TO_TIMESTAMP:

(i)It is accept two arguments.


(ii)TO_TIMESTAMP function is used to convert a string values to date with time.

SYNTAX:
TO_TIMESTAMP(string, format)

select systimestamp from dual;


select '09-09-23 1:46:51', TO_TIMESTAMP('09-09-23 1:46:51','DD:MM:YY HH-MI-SS-AM')
from dual;

TO_NUMBER:
(i) It accept one or two arguments.
(ii)It is used to convert string values to Number.

SYNTAX:
TO_NUMBER(string, format)
EXTRACT:
EXTRACT function is used to extract specific field (such as year, month, day, etc.)
from a date.

SYNTAX:
EXTRACT(field FROM source)

YEAR
MONTH
DAY
HOUR
MINUTE
SECOND

select EXTRACT(month from hire_date) joining_june,E.* from employees E where


EXTRACT(month from hire_date)=6;
select ,hire_dateTO_CHAR(hire_date,'mon') from employees E where
TO_CHAR(hire_date,'mon')='jun'

select EXTRACT(Year from hire_date),count(EXTRACT(Year from hire_date)) from


employees group by EXTRACT(Year from hire_date);

select TO_CHAR(hire_date,'yyyy'),count(TO_CHAR(hire_date,'yyyy')) from employees


group by (TO_CHAR(hire_date,'yyyy'));

select TO_CHAR(hire_date,'mon'),E.* from employees E where


TO_CHAR(hire_date,'mon')='jun';

SELECT column_name, data_type FROM user_tab_columns WHERE table_name = 'STUDENT';

CAST:
CAST function converts one data_type to another data_type.

Syntax:
CAST(expression AS target_data_type);

select CAST( '11-jan-22' AS DATE ) from dual;


select CAST( '11-jan-22' AS TIMESTAMP ) from dual;
select CAST('123' AS NUMBER) from dual;
select CAST('123' AS NUMBER)+1 from dual;

select hire_date,CAST(hire_date AS TIMESTAMP) from employees;


select hire_date,CAST(hire_date AS VARCHAR2(30)) from employees;

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