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Subquery

(i) A subquery is a query embedded within another SQL statement. It consists of an inner query and an outer query. (ii) Subqueries can be used in the select, from, and where clauses. Common types include single-row, multi-row, scalar, inline, nested, and correlated subqueries. (iii) Single-row subqueries use comparison operators like = while multi-row subqueries use operators like IN, ALL, ANY. Scalar subqueries are placed in the select clause and inline subqueries are placed in the from clause. Correlated subqueries reference columns in the outer query.

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17 views

Subquery

(i) A subquery is a query embedded within another SQL statement. It consists of an inner query and an outer query. (ii) Subqueries can be used in the select, from, and where clauses. Common types include single-row, multi-row, scalar, inline, nested, and correlated subqueries. (iii) Single-row subqueries use comparison operators like = while multi-row subqueries use operators like IN, ALL, ANY. Scalar subqueries are placed in the select clause and inline subqueries are placed in the from clause. Correlated subqueries reference columns in the outer query.

Uploaded by

kvigneshk2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBQUERY:

(i). A query embedded with another query.


(ii). It consists of two parts
Inner Query
Outer Query

(iii). Subqueries can be placed in various parts of SQL statements such select
clause, from clause, where clause

select salary from employees where first_name='Neena';


select * from employees where salary >17000;

select * from employees where salary > (select salary from employees where
first_name='Neena');

Types:

Single Row Subquery


Multi Row Subquery
Scalar Subquery
Inline Subquery
Nested Subquery
Correlated Subquery
Multi Column Subquery

Single Row Subquery:

Relational operators

=
!=
>
>=
<
<=

select * from employees where salary > (select salary from employees where
first_name='Neena');

select * from employees where salary = (select salary from employees where
first_name='Neena');

Multi Row Subquery:

Relational operators

IN
NOT IN
ALL ------ <all, >all, >=all, <=all
ANY ------ <any, >any, >=any, <=any

select * from employees where salary > (select salary from employees where
department_id=30);

select * from employees where salary IN (select salary from employees where
department_id=30);

select * from employees where salary >all (select salary from employees where
department_id=30);

select * from employees where salary >all (select salary from employees where
department_id=30);

select * from employees where salary < all (select salary from employees where
department_id=30);

select first_name,salary from employees where salary <any (select salary from
employees where first_name='Den');

Scalar Subquery:

The Inner query will be placed on select query.

select 1+2+(select 4+3 from dual) result from dual;

select department_name from departments d where e.department_id = d.department_id


select first_name from employees e;

select first_name,department_name from employees, departments where


employees.department_id = departments.department_id--Using Joins

select first_name,(select department_name from departments d where e.department_id


= d.department_id) dept_name from employees e; --Using Subquery

INLINE SUBQUERY:

The inner query will be placed on from class.

select * from employees where department_id=60;

select first_name,employee_id,salary from (select * from employees where


department_id=60) where salary>5000;

select first_name,employee_id,salary,department_id, ROW_NUMBER()OVER(partition by


department_id
order by salary desc) rnk from employees;

select * from(select first_name,employee_id,salary,department_id,


ROW_NUMBER()OVER(partition by department_id
order by salary desc) rnk from employees) where rnk between 3 and 5;

NESTED SUBQUERY:

Inner subquery will be placed on where clause

select * from employees where salary in (select salary from employees where
department_id=30);

finding duplicates using rowid


select e.*,ROWID from emp e;
select employee_id,first_name,max(ROWID) from emp group by employee_id,first_name;
select * from emp where ROWID IN (select max(ROWID) from emp group by
first_name,last_name);

CORRELATED SUBQUERY:

There is reference created between inner query and outer query.

we could not able to execute inner query without help of outer query.

select first_name,(select department_name from departments d where e.department_id


= d.department_id) dept_name from employees e; --Using Subquery

select department_name from departments d where department_id in (select


department_id from employees e where e.department_id=d.department_id);

MULTI COLUMN SUBQUERY:

The Inner Subquery that return more than one column.

select department_id,manager_id from departments where department_id=60;

select * from employees where (department_id,manager_id) IN (select


department_id,manager_id from departments where department_id=60);

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