Sheet (1) Answer

1.3 Convert the following numbers with the indicated bases to decimal:
(a) (4310) 5 (b) (198) 12
(c) (435) 8 (d) (345) 6

Answer:

(a) 4 * 53 + 3 * 52 + 1 * 51 + 0 * 50 = (580)10
(b) 1* 122 + 9 * 121 + 8 * 120 = (260)10
(c) 4 * 82 + 3 * 81 + 5 * 80 = (285)10
(d) 3 * 62 + 4 * 61 + 5 * 60 = (137)10

1.7 Convert the hexadecimal number 64CD to binary, and then convert it
from binary to octal.

Answer:

(64CD)16 = (0110 0100 1100 1101)2

(110 010011 001 101)2 = (62315)8

1.8 Convert the decimal number 431 to binary in two ways: (a) convert
directly to binary; (b) convert first to hexadecimal and then from
hexadecimal to binary. Which method is faster?
Answer:
Integer Remainder
(a)
431/2
215 1
431 = (110101111)2
107 1
53 1
26 1
13 0
6 1
3 0
1 1
0 1

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 (b) Integer Remainder

431/16 431 = (1AF)16 = (110101111)2

26 F
1 A
0 1

The second method is faster than the first one.

1.9 Convert Express the following numbers in decimal:
(a) (10110.0101) 2 (b) (16.5) 16
(c) (26.24) 8

Answer:

(a) (10110.0101) 2 = 1 * 24 + 0 * 23 + 1 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 * 20 + 0 * 2-1

+ 1 * 2-2 + 0 * 2-3 + 1 * 2-4 = 22.3125
(b) (16.5) 16 = 1 * 161 + 6 * 160 + 5 * 16-1 = 22.3125
(c) (26.24) 8 = 2 * 81 + 6 * 80 + 2 * 8-1 + 4 * 8-2 = 22.3125

1.10 Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal and to decimal:

(a) 1.10010, (b) 110.010. Explain why the decimal answer in (b) is 4
times that in (a).

Answer:

(a) 1.100102 = 0001.10012 = 1.916 = 1 + 9/16 = 1.56310

(b) 110.0102 = 0110.01002 = 6.416 = 6 + 4/16 = 6.2510

Reason: 110.0102 is the same as 1.100102 shifted to the left by two places.
1.12 Add and multiply the following numbers without converting them to
decimal.
(a) Binary numbers 1011 and 101.
(b) Hexadecimal numbers 2E and 34.
Answer:

a) Addition Multiplication
1
1001 1001
+ ×
0101 0101

1110 1001
00000
100100
101101
2
 b) Addition Multiplication
1
2E 2E
+ ×
34 34
62 38 +
80
B8
+
2A0
600
958

1.13 Do the following conversion problems:

(a) Convert decimal 27.315 to binary.
Answer:

a) Integer Remainder Fraction Integer

27/2 0.315*2 2
7.31510 = 11011.01012
13 1 0.36 0
6 1 0.26 1
3 0 0.52 0
1 1 0.04 1
0 1 0.08 0
0.16 0
0.32 0

1.14 Obtain the 1’s and 2’s complements of the following binary numbers:
(a) 00010000 (b) 00000000
(c) 11011010 (d) 10101010

Answer:

00010000 00000000 11011010 10101010

1st complement
11101111 11111111 00100101 01010101
2nd complement
11110000 00000000 00100110 01010110

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1.15 Find the 9’s and the 10’s complement of the following decimal numbers:
(a) 25,478,036 (b) 63, 325, 600
(c) 25,000,000 (d) 00,000,000.
Answer:

25478036 63325600 25000000 00000000

9’s complement
74521963 36674399 74999999 99999999
10’s complement
74521964 36674400 75000000 00000000

1.16 (a) Find the 16’s complement of C3DF.

(b) Convert C3DF to binary.
(c) Find the 2’s complement of the result in (b).
(d) Convert the answer in (c) to hexadecimal and compare with the
answer in (a).

Answer:

a) FFFF – C3DF + 1 = 3C21

b) 1100 0011 1101 1111
c) 0011 1100 0010 0001
d) 3C21

1.17 Perform subtraction on the given unsigned numbers using the 10’s
complement of the subtrahend. Where the result should be negative,
find its 10’s complement and affix a minus sign. Verify your answers.
(a) 4,637 - 2,579 (b) 125 - 1,800

Answer:

a) 10’s complement of 2579

= 9999 - 2579 + 1 = 7421
4637 + 7421 = 12058 here, the result should be positive; we discard
the 1.
result = + 2058
b) 10’s complement of 1800 = 8200

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 125 + 8200 = 8325 here, the result should be negative; we find its
10’s complement and affix a minus sign.
result= - 1675

1.18 Perform subtraction on the given unsigned binary numbers using the
2’s complement of the subtrahend. Where the result should be negative,
find its 2’s complement and affix a minus sign.
(a) 10011 – 10010 (b) 100010 – 100110

Answer:

a) 10011 + 01110 = 100001

Result = + 00001, as we discard 1
b) 100010 + 011010 = 111100
Result= - 000100, as the result should be negative.

1.19 Convert decimal 6,514 to both BCD and ASCII codes. For ASCII, an even
parity bit is to be appended at the left.

Answer:

6514 = ( 0110 0101 0001 0100 )BCD

= ( 0 0110110 0110101 0110001 0110100)ASCII

1.20 Represent the unsigned decimal numbers 791 and 658 in BCD, and then
show the steps necessary to form their sum.
Answer: 1 1 1
0111 1001 0001
+
0110 0101 1000
1 1 1 11 1 1
1101 1110 1001 = (1449)BCD
0110 0110 +

0001 0100 0100 1001