VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JnanaSangama”,Belagavi-18,Karnataka,India

Synopsis on

“DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS”

Project Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
By
SHREERAM BHAT 1DS20ET068
PRERAN K 1DS20ET052
VARUN N 1DS20ET078
MAHNAS T 1DS20ET043

7thSem B.E
Under the guidance of

Mr. CHETHAN UMADI

Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

Engineering
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BENGALURU-560078.
2023-24
DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS 2023-2024

ABSTRACT :

Drones Quadcopter has now caused tremendous problems under Army surveillance threateni
ng the military security boundary and the region.This project presents a conceptual
framework by applying image processing to detect and track unmanned aircraft.N owadays,
many expenses are made in the field of defence in adopting primitive security measures to
protect the border from the trespassers. Some military organizations take the help of robot in
the risk prone areas which are not that effective when done by army men. These army robots
are confining with the camera, sensors, metal detector and video screen. The main objective
of our system is to get camouflaged including PIR sensor to trace the intruders. Thus the
proposed system also uses IR sensor for obstacle detection.

In this article, three main points that are concentrated

1) Design a robot which is vehicle-mounted sensors that capable of carries the sensors of the
metal and obstacle.
2) Control and management system wirelessly by a computer-based to command the robot
functions by several sets of user’s rules and manage the robot instructions.
3) Conduct an integrated system that achieving navigated data via metal detector based on
online structured query language database registry. Also, discussed a comparison of the
previous detector systems and highlights on several merits.

The proposed system capable of fully control the robot also, set the robot operator
permissions and rules, stored and archived the navigated results and printed reports and
stored in an independent database

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TABLE OF CONTENTS :

SL NO TOPICS PAGE
NO

1 1.1.Introduction 4

1.2.Problem statement 5

1.3.Literature survey 6

1.4.Objectives 8

1.5.Block diagram 9

1.6.Methodology 10

2 Conclusion and future scope 13

3 Reference 14

4 Co-Po mapping 15

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INTRODUCTION:

A robot is an automatic mechanical device often resembling a human or animal. Modern

robots are usually a guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry. Robots have
replaced humans in performing repetitive and dangerous tasks. The use of robots in military
combat raises ethical concerns. The possibilities of robot autonomy and potential
repercussions have been addressed in fiction and may be a realistic concern in the upcoming
days. Basically Army Robot is capable of performing tasks such as locomotion, sensing the
harmful gas, sensing the humans beneath the surface, metal detection. Army robot is an
autonomous robot comprising of wireless camera which can be used as a spy and Bluetooth
used to control it wireless. This army robot is more efficient compared to the soldiers.
Excellency of this robot is in being operated wireless from re- mote which offers no risk to
the soldier lives. Robots are enhanced to be robust and sturdier giving the guarantee of
success in the risk prone environment. The main aim of the paper is to implement a
Camouflaged technology based Wireless Multifunctional Army Robot which can be
controlled through smart phone using Blue-tooth.

In this research, highlights on metal detection issues. Also, the capability to detect mines,
avoid obstacles. The proposing system using the concept of metal detection sensor and
ultrasonic sensor, wireless communication via controlled robotics vehicle remotely for flat
surfaces and dry, desert soils to design and fabricate detect metals without human harm.
Also, proposed an integrated management and achieving system to control, manage and
stored the navigation results with online structured query language databased registry on a
server side to give high-security system. As well, conduct a comparative analysis of the
proposed robot detection systems and focus on their main findings and systems features like
detection, controlling, management, and archiving information in the database server for
future mapping and navigation.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT:

An indigenous defence industry is a vital objective for India given its security environment

and strategic objectives. India has a large and growing defence budget and a long history of

defence industrial production. However, the country remains heavily reliant on defence

imports, particularly for major platforms, while its own exports are extremely meagre.

Although several high-level committees have been established to address the problem of

defence industrial indigenisation, very few of the necessary steps have been taken. In part,

this is because India faces a number of dilemmas in trying to reform its defence industry: the

normal rules of market economics do not apply; ideal objectives of quality, cost, and

timeframes cannot be achieved simultaneously; defence budgets remain susceptible to cuts;

the nature of defence supply chains is changing; and little heed has been paid to policies to

maximise technological absorption .Moreover, major stakeholders confront their own

challenges: India’s powerful defence public sector faces conflicts of interest and is resistant

to change; the armed services provide unrealistic qualitative requirements; the Ministry of

Defence lacks specialization. The Finance Ministry discourages long-term spending; and the

political leadership lacks expertise and is reluctant to make decisions due to political

perceptions. To address these diverse challenges, efforts should be made to ensure

predictable long-term requirements and create a more level playing fi eld between the public

and private sectors. Further, a mechanism must be found to ensure predictable capital

expenditure, in order to incentivise investment. Without such steps being taken, India will

continue to struggle in its quest for defence indigenisation.

LITERATURE SURVEY:

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILATRY ROBOTICS 2023-24
1.”Wirelessly Controlled Mine Detection Robot” by Waqar Farooq, Nehal Butt,
Sameed Shukat, Nouman Ali Baig, Sheikh Muhammad Ahmed.

This paper demonstrates the problem and effects of landmines in defencefields.The robot is
equipped with special wheels controlled by H-Bridgemodule, allowing it to move in all
possible directions.The robot is equippedwith special range sensors that help in avoiding the
obstacles in the field by specifically detecting the position of obstacles. A special type of
prototypemade of lightweight temperature resistant metal is used to carry all A wireless
camera is added to the robot, which captures and broadcasts the present location of the
robot.

2. “Mine Detecting Robot with Multi by Sensors Controlled Using HC-12 Module” by
Jebasingh Kirubakaran. S. J, Anish Kumar Jha, Dheeraj Kumar, Sadambi
Poornachandran Prakash.

This paper demonstrates a mine detecting robot guided by HC-12 module that allows it to
scan the testing area within 1.8km and metal detector is used as mine detecting sensor
placed in front of the vehicle,while GPS is used to provide the exact location of the infected
area. The embedded system is based on Arduino technologies and guided by an HC -
12Module.

3. “Arduino Controlled Landmine Detection Robot” by V. Abilash and J. Paul

Chandra Kumar.

This paper demonstrates a prototype model of a land-mine detection robot which can be
operated remotely using Wi-Fi. Technology. A Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor is
employed, which identifies and broadcasts the present location of the robot. Path planning,
obstacle detection and avoidance algorithms were used to control accurately and to
navigation of the proposed path by avoiding obstacles. Arduino microcontroller is employed
in this robot.

4. “Multi-Sensing Demining Robot” by Michael YU. Rachkov, Lino Marques, Anibal T.

De Almeida.

The paper describes an advanced multisensory demining robot. The robot transport system
is based on a simple structure using pneumatic drive elements. The robot has a robust design
and can carry demining equipment up to 100 kg over rough terrains. Due to the adaptive
possibilities of pedipulators to obstacles, the robot can adjust the working position of the

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILATRY ROBOTICS 2023-24
demining sensors while searching for mines. The detection block consists of a metal
detector, an infrared detector, and a chemical explosive sensor. The robot is controlled by
means of an on-board processor and by an operator remote station in an interactive mode.
Experimental results of the transport, control, and detection systems of the robot are
presented. 5. “Design of mine detection robot for Korean mine field” by Seong Pal Kang,
Junho Choi, Seung-Beum Suh, Sungchul Kang. The design includes a track type main
platform with a simple moving arm and a mine detection sensor(consists of a metal detector
and a GPR at this stage.In addition, in order to maintain the effective distance between the
landmine sensors and ground surface, a distance sensing technique for terrain adaptability
was developed and briefly introduced in this paper.

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS 2023-24

OBJECTIVE

The idea of the Army Robot is based on the camouflage techniques. The aim of the project is
to design, manufacture and operate via a Smart phone, used as remote control device can
reproduce the color accordingly with the ground surface where it will be moving on, hence
being camouflaged to the outside world. On the one hand, in order to achieve these goals, we
used a LED (RGB) which can diffuse uniform colors, coupled to sensors that can precisely
identify ground colors. This robot is designed in such a way that it can reproduce the color
independently at various areas each area being able to reproduce color with specific spots of
the ground surface. which allow the robot to mock up as a checkerboard of multiple colors –
the various colors it drives over. On the other hand, we also created a system which can
receive and decipher information received from the Smart phone using IOT to further pilot
motors which in turn drive the robot in any required direction.

1. Camera is attached to show the real time data wireless through RF

2. Gas sensor to detect toxic gas
3. Metal sensor to detect metal arm and weapons if any.
4. PIR sensor to detect human intruders or soldiers beneath the earth.
5. IR sensor is used for the obstacle detection and also.
6. GAS sensor is used to detect the gas particular gases with the air all these values or updated
in the website for every predefined time.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS 2023-24

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS 2023-24

METHODOLOGY:

Color sensor:Among sensors that detect light, those that detect the three primary colors of red,
green, and blue are called color sensors. Color sensors detect RGB values by receiving
ambient light using a photodiode.The sensor is very useful for both line following and obstacle
detection. The color sensor can distinguish between colors or measure the intensity of the
reflected light.
PIR: pir sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive
infrared detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy
for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation (radiant heat)
emitted by or reflected from objects.The PIR sensor is mainly used to detect motion by
measuring any change in InfraRed levels emitted by objects.
IR Sensor: is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation.
A metal detector is an instrument that detects the nearby presence of metal. Metal detectors
are useful for finding metal objects on the surface, underground, and under water. The unit
itself consists of a control box, and an adjustable shaft, which holds a pickup coil, which can
vary in shape and size.Uses include detecting land mines, the detection of weapons such as
knives and guns (especially in airport security), geophysical prospecting, archaeology and
treasure hunting.
Gas sensors are devices that can detect the presence and concentration of various hazardous
gases and vapors, such as toxic or explosive gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
humidity, and odors.Gas sensors detect the presence and concentration of various hazardous

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS 2023-24

gasses such as explosive gasses, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), odor, humidity and so
on. Common types of gas sensors include photoionisation (PID) sensors, semiconductor
sensors, electrochemical sensors.
Relays are electrically operated switches that open and close the circuits by receiving
electrical signals from outside sources. Some people may associate “relay” with a racing
competition where members of the team take turns passing batons to complete the race
ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated
Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6
microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core
microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna
switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-
management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Chinese
company based in Shanghai, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process.It is a
successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.
Wifi module-also known as serial to WIFI module, which belongs to the transmission layer of
IoT. The function is to convert serial port or TTL level into embedded module which can
conforming to WiFi wireless network communication standard, with built-in wireless network
protocol IEEE802.11 B.G.N protocol stack and TCP/IP protocol stack.
Camera-A camera is an optical instrument to capture still images or to record moving images,
which are stored in a physical medium such as in a digital system or on photographic film. A
camera consists of a lens which focuses light from the scene, and a camera body which holds
the image capture mechanism.
Motor drive means a system that includes a motor. An adjustable speed motor drive means a
system that includes a motor that has multiple operating speeds. A variable speed motor drive
is a system that includes a motor and is continuously variable in speed. If the motor is
generating electrical energy rather than using it – this could be called a generator drive but is
often still referred to as a motor drive.

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DEFENCE PURPOSE MILTARY ROBOTICS 2023-24

A DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force.
The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils. Nearly all
types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor.
Motor driver is used to control motion of a motor and its direction by feeding current
accordingly. Output of a motor driver is in digital form so it uses PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) to control speed of a motor. Motor Driver are basically current amplifiers
followed by input signals.

Components required:
Hardware:

1. ESP32

2. PC

3. Camera

4. Color sensor

5. PIR sensor

6. IR sensor

7. Metal sensor

8. GAS sensor

9. Relay

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10. Camera

11. WI-FI module

12. Power supply system

Software:

1. Embedded C

2. Complier IDE

3. Python

4. OpenCV

Conclusions:
The main idea is to design and implement a prototype of an efficient low-cost automated mine
detector that will replace the current employed human detectors in the mission of detecting
and extracting mines in a suspected area of land. As well, communication and data analysis in
the domain of landmine detection. The detector wirelessly communicates with a server to
transmit and store the detected information such as the location of the metal object and
captured images of the land where does it exist. Designing an integrated system which consists
of a simple robot provides with a metal detector and uses Bluetooth technology to
communicate with its software inside the computer. The system comprises two types of users.

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An admin can control the system, and a user can only control the robot. In the intelligent
algorithm, the robot can discover the obstacles in the front of it, so if there is more than one
way to enter the searching place, the robot can detect the best way that has the lowest
obstacles. The robot will send the data to the computer, so the system displayed the received
data from the robot and analyze them. All results will be exported as PDF file and upload to an
online database that connected with the system to archive the results. In the future
perspectives, intend to develop the proposed system to perform different perdition objects in
the mapping and navigated areas based on supported data set. As well, test the system with
robot mobile-based.

REFERENCES
[1] Premkumar .M “UNMANNED MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ROBOT USING ZIGBEE
ADOPTER NETWORK FOR DEFENSE APPLICATION” International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET)Volume 2, Issue 1, January
2013. [2] Akash Ravindran and Akshay Premkumar “CAMOFLAGE
TECHNOLOGY”International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science &
Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: 0976-1353 Volume 8 Issue 1 –APRIL 2014.
[3] P. Hymavathi, T. Jyothy “Surveillance Alive Human Detection Robot using Zigbee
Technology”SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(SSRG-IJECE) – volume issue 4 June 2014.
[4] George Bekey,” Autonomous Robots: From Biological Inspiration to Implementation and
Control”, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005. Mr. M. Arun Kumar, Mrs. M. Sharmila ”Wireless
Multi Axis ROBOT for Multi-Purpose Operations”, Department of ECE, SVCET & JNT
University Anantapur, India

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CO-PO MAPPING

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PURPOSE
MILTARY
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GUIDE SIGNATURE

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