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What Is Computer?: A Computer Is An Electronic Device That Is Used For Information

The document provides a brief history of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculators and computers like Pascaline and Analytical Engine. It then covers the first general purpose electronic computer ENIAC and the evolution of computers through vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and microprocessors.

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Aftab Khan
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45 views26 pages

What Is Computer?: A Computer Is An Electronic Device That Is Used For Information

The document provides a brief history of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It describes early mechanical calculators and computers like Pascaline and Analytical Engine. It then covers the first general purpose electronic computer ENIAC and the evolution of computers through vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits and microprocessors.

Uploaded by

Aftab Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Computer?

 A computer is an electronic device that is used for information


processing . It accepts data and instruction ,stores it in memory
and gives the results to the user.

 Source Wikipedia
What is Data?
Data. Data in a computer terminology mean raw facts and figures.

For ex-mohan,1977 etc.

What is Information?

means what we get after processing.


Data Vs. Information?

you should understand that what goes in the computers is data and
what comes out of them is information.

This process of turning data into information is also known as


information processing cycle.
2700-2500BC
Abacus – Calculator
• A counting device
• Beads are moved to perform
arithmetic functions
• Still used by traders and
clerks in Asia, Africa, …
Napier’s Bones
• In 1614 Scottosh Mathematician John Napier introduced the concept
of Logaarithms. He used Bones to perform multiplication
1620
Slide Ruler
• An early analogue computer used primarily for multiplication and
division.
• Invented by William Oughtred
1642
Pascaline
• Blaise Pascal created the first mechanical calculator
• Performed addition and subtraction
• Was too expensive for the time, hence it didn’t become a commercial
device.
Gottfried Wilhelm
von Leibniz

The stepped reckoner


Supposed to be able to add, subtract,
multiply, divide and calculate square roots
**Device never worked properly
CHARLES BABBAGE
(1791 - 1871)
 Born in 1791, Charles Babbage was an English mathematician and professor.
 In 1822, he persuaded the British government to finance his design to build a
machine that would calculate tables for logarithms. Called the “Difference
Engine.”
Device was to calculate numbers to 20th place and print them at 4
digits per minute.
With Charles Babbage's creation of the "Analytical Engine", (1833) computers
took the form of a general purpose machine.
Charles Babbage
1822 Babbage's Difference Engine
Analytical Engine
• 1833
• Used to perform a variety of calculations
by following a set of instructions or
programs stored on punch cards
• Machine only designed but never built
Joseph Jacquard
Charles Babbage
Considered the “Father of Computers”

Considered the “Father of


Computers”
ENIAC - 1946

 Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer


a machine that computed at speeds 1,000 times faster than the
Mark I was capable of only 2 years earlier.
Using 18,00-19,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 5 million
soldered joints this massive instrument required the output of a
small power station to operate it.
ENIAC

Matiste 2015
ENIAC
1943-1946

 It could do nuclear physics calculations (in two hours) which it


would have taken 100 engineers a year to do by hand.
The system's program could be changed by rewiring a panel.
Weighed 30 tons and was 1500 square feet (average
area of a 3 bedroom house
ENIAC
1946
Vacuum Tubes

Matiste 2015
1st Generation Computers
• 1946 – 1959
• Based on Vacuum tubes
• Vacuum tubes: Control electric
current using the vacuum, and
• Can be used to start/stop, or change
the flow based on the current
Second Generation Computers
• Based on Transistors
• 1957-1964
• Stored instructions in memory
• Relied on punch cards for input and printers for output
Transistors
• Replaced vacuum tubes
• Invented at Bell laboratories
• Enabled computers to be smaller, cheaper, more reliable, and efficient
• Transistors work as switches on current, turning it on or off (like
binary 0 or 1).
• Still generate a lot of heat, but less than vacuum tubes
Third Generation Computers
• Modern computers
• 1965-1971
• Used Integrated Circuits
• Keyboards instead of punch cards
• Monitors for display
• Different applications used through operating system
Integrated Circuits
• Small chips containing thousands of transistors
• Invented by Jack Kilby, Nobel Laureate of Physics
Fourth Generation Computers
• Microprocessor
• Development of the personal computer
• 1970 – 1990
• Addition of GUI’s, the mouse, and handheld devices
• Were built with LSI(100-1000) ,VLSI (1000 to millions)
Fifth Generation Computers
• 1990 - Present
• Enhancement of Artificial Intellegance
• Nanotechnology
• Natural Language Processing
• SLSI

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