Scribd
Upload
29 views

Linux

This document provides an introduction to Linux, including: 1. It discusses some popular Linux distributions like Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and others. 2. It outlines some components of Linux including the kernel, filesystems like ext4, utilities like GNU coreutils, shells like bash, and desktop environments like GNOME and KDE. 3. It describes some basic Linux commands for file management, text editing, process management, and system information.

Uploaded by

Akshay Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views

Linux

This document provides an introduction to Linux, including: 1. It discusses some popular Linux distributions like Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and others. 2. It outlines some components of Linux including the kernel, filesystems like ext4, utilities like GNU coreutils, shells like bash, and desktop environments like GNOME and KDE. 3. It describes some basic Linux commands for file management, text editing, process management, and system information.

Uploaded by

Akshay Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

Google Developer Students Club

Introduction to Linux
Shreya Malik
Linux https://bellard.org/jslinux/ for hands on linux

● Free
● Open Source

Pros
➔ Widely used in modern day software development.
➔ Gives you power to know what actually runs in the background of
your machine.
➔ Control.

Cons
Manjaro Arco Linux Artix Linux Black Arch

Debian Ubuntu Linux Mint


Parrot OS Solus

Linux From Scratch Fedora


Application Software

Window Management GNU System


Software Utilities

Linux Kernel

Computer Hardware
Looking into the Linux Kernel
The kernel is a computer program at the core of a
Responsibilities:
computer's operating system and generally has
complete control over everything in the system. It is the 1. System memory
portion of the operating system code that is always management
resident in memory and facilitates interactions between 2. Software Program
hardware and software components. A full kernel
management
controls all hardware resources (e.g. I/O, memory,
3. Hardware Management
cryptography) via device drivers, arbitrates conflicts
4. Filesystem
between processes concerning such resources, and
Management
optimizes the utilization of common resources e.g. CPU
& cache usage, file systems, and network sockets.
Linux Filesystems

ext3 Third Extended file system(supports


journaling)

ext4 Fourth extended file system( most popular)

ntfs (new technology file system) Supported for microsoft NT systems

Btrfs (binary tree file system) Supports snapshot,RAID, lacks speed

vfat Windows 95 filesystem (FAT32)


The GNU Utilities
The GNU project was mainly designed for Unix system administrators to
have a Unix like environment available. This focus resulted in the project
porting many common Unix system command line utilities. The core bundle
of utilities supplied for Linux systems is called the coreutils package.

The core utils package :

1. Utilities for handling files


2. Utilities for manipulating text
3. Utilities for managing processes
The Shell
The GNU/Linux shell is a special interactive utility. It provides a way for users to
start programs, manage files on filesystem, and manage running processes on
the Linux system. The core of the shell is the command prompt. It allows you to
enter commands, and interprets commands and executes them in the kernel.
You can group shell commands into files to execute as a program. Those files are
called shell scripting. The bash shell was developed by the GNU project as a
replacement for the for standard unix shell, called the Bourne shell. The bash shell
is a play on this wording referred to as “Bourne again shell”.
Supports advanced programming features like associative arrays
korn and floating point arithmetics.

Advanced shell incorporates from bash,tcsh, and korn providing


zsh advanced programming features,shared history files and themed
prompts

Friendly interactive shell


fish
The Linux Desktop Environment
Display Protocols :

● X11 - Xorg (Old, Initially developed for servers later ported to desktop)
● Wayland (New, developed for modern day desktops)

Desktop Environments
Tiling Managers
Window Managers
➔ AwesomeWM (x11)
➔ Xfce
➔ i3 (x11)
➔ LXDE
➔ Sway (supports wayland)
➔ Gnome (GTK, supports wayland)
➔ Qtile (Qt, supports wayland)
➔ KDE Plasma (Qt, supports wayland)
➔ Bspwm
Bootloader

When a computer is turned off, its


software—including operating systems, application
code, and data—remains stored on non-volatile
memory. When the computer is powered on, it
typically does not have an operating system or its
loader in random-access memory (RAM). The
computer first executes a relatively small program
stored in read-only memory (ROM, and later
EEPROM, NOR flash) along with some needed
data, to initialize RAM (especially on x86
systems), to access the nonvolatile device (usually
block device, eg NAND flash) or devices from
which the operating system programs and data
can be loaded into RAM.
Getting to the shell
Note : You can access the Linux Virtual consoles using Ctrl + Alt + F1 - F7, known as the tty
(teletypewriter)
Characters and meanings

~ : Home

/ : Root
The Prompt

User Host name


IIIT Guwahati

Basic Linux Commands


PWD
ls
cd
Linux directories

Linux Directory Structure Explained for Beginners (linuxhandbook.com)


touch
Text editors

i-> insert mode


Esc-> normal mode
:wq -> write and quit
cat
grep , sed, awk ( very powerful and
important)
Disk utilisation
top

top
ps -e --forest

ps -e --forest
cp

cp
mv

Can be used to rename files as well


Permissions
chown ( change owner)
chmod
sudo
Package manager
history
Dual boot
Best of both worlds.

You can experiment with linux till you get comfortable enough to move completely from windows.
or not.

Steps:
● Make bootable usb
● Install using bootable usb in target machine
Partition hard disk
● Setup newly installed distribution
Windows subsystem for linux and installation guides
Install WSL | Microsoft Learn

Some cool customizations


r/unixporn - the home for *NIX customization! (reddit.com)

Bash scripting
Shell Scripting for Beginners – How to Write Bash Scripts in Linux
(freecodecamp.org)

Arch linux installation


Installation guide - ArchWiki (archlinux.org)

Ubuntu installation
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
YOUTUBE LINKS

DISTRO TUBE : customizations

https://www.youtube.com/@DistroTube

Bash scripting

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPwyp2NG-bE

Top 50 commands

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd7BXuUQ91w&t=7s

DOCUMENTATION >>>>>>>>>> youtube ;)


Thankyou :))

You might also like