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Basic Concepts and Terms in Geometry

This document provides definitions and examples of basic geometric concepts including points, lines, planes, and angles. A point represents an exact location and has no dimensions. A line consists of points that extend infinitely in both directions. A plane is a flat surface that extends infinitely in width and length. Angles are formed by two rays with a common endpoint and are measured in degrees. Examples of acute, right, obtuse, and straight angles are given based on their measure.

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Precious Aaricca Mamba
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179 views57 pages

Basic Concepts and Terms in Geometry

This document provides definitions and examples of basic geometric concepts including points, lines, planes, and angles. A point represents an exact location and has no dimensions. A line consists of points that extend infinitely in both directions. A plane is a flat surface that extends infinitely in width and length. Angles are formed by two rays with a common endpoint and are measured in degrees. Examples of acute, right, obtuse, and straight angles are given based on their measure.

Uploaded by

Precious Aaricca Mamba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prepared by LOUISA B.

DANGA

M ath ematics Pr e -ser vice T each er


Have you ever watched the
stars at night?

The stars look like dots


sparkling in the sky.
Point
Representation: DOT (●)
How to denote: ●A (point A)

A point suggests an exact location in space. It


has no dimension – no length, no width , and
no thickness.
Concrete examples:

Tip of a pen Tip of a compass


Consider points A and B.
By connecting this two points, extending without end
in both directions, it will introduce us another
undefined term – the Line.
Line
Representation: straight mark
with two arrow heads (↔)

✓ A line consists of points ✓ A line has no width nor


that goes on forever in thickness, but it has
two directions. infinite length.
Line

✓ A line is usually named by any two of its points or


by a lowercase.

How to denote:
or line k
Line

CD DC b
Concrete example of a line:

Electric wires
Collinear and Noncollinear points

Points A and B
Points C and D
they are Collinear points

They are called collinear points


because they lie on the same
line.
Collinear and Noncollinear points

Points A and C
Points B and D
they are Noncollinear points

They are called


noncollinear points
because they do not lie on
the same line.
Plane
✓ Plane is a set of points
in and endless surface.
It has an infinite width
and length but has no
thickness.
Representation: slanted four-
sided figure ( )
Plane
How to denote:
Single capital letter or by
three noncollinear points.

ABC
X
Concrete example of a plane:

Bricks wall A sheet of paper


Coplanar and Noncoplanar lines
Lines OP and QP
are called coplanar lines.
✓ Lines that lie on the same
plane are called coplanar
lines.
✓ Lines that do not lie on the
same plane are called non-
coplanar lines.
Coplanar and Noncoplanar points
Points O, P and Q
are called coplanar points.
✓ Points that lie on the same
plane are called coplanar
points.
✓ Points that do not lie on the
same plane are called non-
coplanar points.
Intersecting lines

✓ Two or more lines that


intersect and have a
common point are called
intersecting lines

Line l and line k intersect at


point P.
Parallel lines
✓ Two lines in the same plane
that are equidistant from
each other and never meet
are called parallel lines

Line l is parallel to line k

Symbol: l ║k
Concurrent lines

✓ Three or more lines that


intersect at a common point
are called concurrent lines

j , k , and l are
concurrent at point P.

Point P is the point of


concurrency.
Skew lines
✓ Pair of lines that do not
intersect and are not
parallel to each other are
called skew lines

1. AB and FH are skew lines.

2. CG and EF are skew lines.


Subsets of a Line
✓ Line segment
✓ Ray
Subsets Of Line
Line segment
Subsets Of Line
Line segment ✓ It is a part of a line that
has two endpoints.
Notation:
line segment AB or BA
line segment OP or PO

AB or BA OP or PO
Line segment

1. Name of the line segment.

AB, BC, CD, AC, BD, AD

2. Number of the line segment. 6 line segments


Number of the line segment.

𝒏 (𝒏−𝟏) Where n is the number of


Number of the line segment = points in the given line
𝟐
𝟒 (𝟒−𝟏)
=
𝟐
𝟒 (𝟑)
=
𝟐

=
𝟏𝟐
𝟐
=𝟔
Length of the line segment.

1. AE = 𝟏 − (𝟓) 2. EJ = 𝟓 − (𝟏𝟎)
= −𝟒 = −𝟓
=𝟐 =𝟓
Length of the line segment.

5. EM = 𝟓 − (𝟏𝟑) 6. AM = 𝟏 − (𝟏𝟑)
= −𝟖 = −𝟏𝟐
=𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐
Subsets Of Lines
Ray ✓ A ray has a one fixed starting
point and goes on indefinitely in
one direction.

Notation: ray AB
AB
Number of Rays

Where n is the number of


Number of rays in a line = 𝟐(𝒏 − 𝟏) points in the given line

Where n is the number of


Number of rays in a ray = (𝒏 − 𝟏) points in the given ray
Number of Rays

Where n is the number of


Number of rays in a line = 𝟐(𝒏 − 𝟏) points in the given line

= 𝟐(𝟑 − 𝟏) KJ
KL
= 𝟐(𝟐) JL
=𝟒 LJ
Number of Rays

Number of rays in a ray = (𝒏 − 𝟏) Where n is the number of


points in the given ray

= (𝟑 − 𝟏)
OP
=𝟐
PQ
=𝟒
ANGLES
ANGLES
Angle
✓ An angle is formed by two
noncollinear rays with a
common endpoint.
ANGLES
Angle ✓ Angles are measured in
degrees.

✓ A protractor is used to
find the measure of an
angle.
ANGLES
Angle 90°
✓ Angles are measured in
degrees.

180° ✓ Degrees are the units of


measurement for angles.
ANGLES
Angle
✓ The two rays are called the
sides of the angle

✓ The common endpoint is


called the vertex
ANGLES
Angle ✓ The symbol for an angle is ∠.
It can be named in three
ways:
1. The number assigned to the angle
1 2. Its vertex
3. Its vertex and two other points

✓ The angle above can be named as ∠1, ∠Y, ∠XYZ or ∠ZYX


Kinds of Angles

Acute Angle
✓ It is an angle whose
measure is more
than 0° but less
than 90°.
Kinds of Angles
Acute Angle
Given an angle AOB
measures 45°, which is
less than 90°
Kinds of Angles
Right Angle
✓ It is an angle that
measures exactly 90°.
Kinds of Angles
Right Angle

Given an angle RST


measures 90°
Kinds of Angles
Obtuse Angle
✓ It is an angle that
measures between 90°
and 180°.
Kinds of Angles
Obtuse Angle
Given an angle XUV
measures 120°, which is
more than 90° but less
than 180°.
Kinds of Angles
Straight Angle
✓ An angle that
measures exactly
is180°.
Kinds of Angles
Straight Angle

Given an angle JKL


measures 180°.
Kinds of Angles
Reflex Angle
✓ It is an angle which
measures greater
than180° but less than
360°.
Kinds of Angles
Reflex Angle
220°

Given an angle OPQ


measures 220°.
A. Explore your
surroundings and cite at
least five (5) objects that
represents a point, a line,
and a plane.
B. Describe the following using the terms that you have learned.

1. GH
2. IC
3. AC and BD
4. CG and CA
5. CG and BD
C. Classify the following angles according
to its angle measures.
1. 110°
2. 75°
3. 235°
4.180°
5. 90°
ASSIGNMENT Deadline: April 11, 2023
Create an infographic about the undefined terms in
geometry (a point, a line and a plane), including the subsets
of line and the kinds of angles.
INFOGRAPHIC RUBRIC

50 40 30
All information is detailed, Some information is Little information is detailed,
accurate, relevant, and detailed, accurate, relevant, accurate, relevant, and/or
properly cited; layout is and properly cited; layout is properly cited; layout is
aesthetically pleasing and generally clear and somewhat unclear and/or
appropriate for topic. appropriate for topic not appropriate for topic

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